Phasianidae
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robot Adding: [[no:Fasanfamilien]] [r5545]
{{Taxobox
| name = Phasianidae
| image = Satyr Tragopan Osaka.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = [[Satyr Tragopan]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Galliformes]]
| familia = '''Phasianidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1821
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
Many, see text
}}
The '''Phasianidae ''' is a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[bird]]s which consists of the [[pheasant]]s and [[partridge]]s, and including the junglefowl, Old World quail, francolins, monals and peafowl. The family is a large one, containing 38 [[genus|genera]] and around 138 species. The family is occasionally broken up into two subfamilies, the Phasianinae, which holds 49 species of pheasant, and the Perdicinae, which holds the 106 remaining species. Sometimes additional families and birds are treated as being in this family as well; the [[American Ornithologists' Union]] includes [[grouse|Tetraonidae]], [[guineafowl|Numididae]], and [[turkey (bird)|Meleagrididae]] in Phasianidae as subfamilies.
The pheasants and their allies are an Old World family, with a distribution that includes most of Europe and Asia (except the far north), all of [[Africa]] except the driest deserts and down into much of eastern [[Australia]] and (formerly) [[New Zealand]]. The greatest diversity of species in in South East Asia and Africa. Amongst the pheasants, with the exception of the [[Congo Peafowl]], the distribution is entirely restricted to Asia; the Perdicinae have a much more widespread distribution. Within their range they occupy almost every available habitat except for boreal forest and tundra. The family is generally sedentary and resident, although some quails undertake long [[bird migration|migrations]]. Several species in the family have been widely [[introduced species|introduced]] around the world, particularly pheasants which have been introduced to Europe, Australia and the Americas. Captive populations of peacocks and chickens have also escaped and become [[feral]].
These are terrestrial, ground living species. Pheasants and their allies are variable in size and ranging from 43 g in the case of the [[Asian Blue Quail]] to 6 k in the case of the [[Indian Peafowl]]. There is generally [[sexual dimorphism]] in size, with males tending to be larger than females. They are generally plump, with broad relatively short [[wing]]s and strong legs. Many have a [[spur]] on their [[leg]]s, a feature shared with guineafowl and turkeys but no other galliform birds. The bill is short and generally strong, particularly in species that dig in order to obtain food. Males of the larger [[species]] often have brightly coloured [[plumage]] as well as facial ornamentations such as wattles or crests.
The pheasants and partridges have a varied diet, with foods taken ranging from purely vegetarian diets of seeds, leaves, fruits, tubers and roots; to small animals including insects, insect grubs and even small reptiles. Most species either specialise in feeding on plant matter or are predatory, although the chicks of most species are insectivorous.
In addition to the variation in diet there is a considerable amount of variation in breeding strategies amongst the Phasianidae. Compared to birds in general there is a large number of species that do not engage in [[monogamy]] (the typical breeding system of most birds). The francolins of Africa and some partridges are reportedly monogamous, but polygamy has been reported in the pheasants and junglefowl, some quail, and the breeding displays of peacocks have been compared to those of a [[lek]]. Nesting usually occurs on the ground; only the [[tragopan]]s nest higher up in stumps of bushes. Nests can vary from monds of vegetation to slight scrapes in the ground. As many as 18 eggs can be laid in the nest, although 7-12 is the more usual number, with smaller numbers in tropical species. [[Avian incubation|Incubation]] is almost always performed by the female only, and last from 14-30 days depending on the species.
Several species of pheasant and partridge are extremely important to humans. The [[Red Junglefowl]] of South East Asia is the wild ancestor of the domesticated [[chicken]], the most important bird in agriculture. [[Ring-necked Pheasant]]s, several partridge and quail species and some francolins have been widely introduced and managed as game birds for hunting. Several species are [[threatened]] by human activities.
==Genera==<!-- ActaZoolSin59:S358,S362 -->
*[[Quail]]s:
**Genus ''[[Coturnix]]'' (9 species)
**''Anurophasis monorthonyx'' ([[Snow Mountain Quail]])
** Genus ''[[Perdicula]]'' (4 species)
**''Ophrysia superciliosa'' ([[Himalayan Quail]])
*[[Partridge]]s
**Genus ''[[Alectoris]]'' (7 species)
**Genus ''[[Ammoperdix]]'' (2 species)
**Genus ''[[Arborophila]]'' (Hill Partridges, 18 species)
**Genus ''[[Bambusicola]]'' ([[Bamboo Partridges]], 2 species)
**''Caloperdix oculea'' ([[Ferruginous Partridge]])
**''Haematortyx sanguiniceps'' ([[Crimson-headed Partridge]])
**''Lerwa lerwa'' ([[Snow Partridge]])
**''Margaroperdix madagascarensis'' ([[Madagascar Partridge]])
**''Melanoperdix nigra'' ([[Black Wood-partridge]])
**Genus ''[[Perdix]]'' (3 species)
**''Ptilopachus petrosus'' ([[Stone Partridge]])
**''Rhizothera longirostris'' ([[Long-billed Partridge]])
**''Rollulus rouloul'' ([[Crested Wood Partridge]])
**Genus ''[[Xenoperdix]]'' (2 species)
*[[Pheasant]]s:
**Genus ''[[Argusianus]]'' (2 species)
**''Catreus wallichi'' ([[Cheer Pheasant]])
**Genus ''[[Chrysolophus]]'' (2 species)
**Genus ''[[Crossoptilon]]'' ([[Eared Pheasant]]s, 4 species)
**''Ithaginis cruentus'' ([[Blood Pheasant]])
**Genus ''[[Lophura]]'' (10 species)
**Genus ''[[Phasianus]]'' (2 species)
**Genus ''[[Polyplectron]]'' ([[Peacock Pheasant]]s, 7 species)
**''Pucrasia macrolopha'' ([[Koklass Pheasant]])
**''Rheinartia ocellata'' ([[Crested Argus Pheasant]])
**Genus ''[[Syrmaticus]]'' (5 species)
*Genus ''Tetraogallus'' ([[Snowcock]]s, 5 species)
*Genus ''Francolinus'' ([[Francolin]]s, 41 species)
*Genus ''Galloperdix'' ([[Spurfowl]]s, 3 species)
*Genus ''Tragopan'' ([[Tragopan]]s, 5 species)
*Genus ''Lophophorus'' ([[Monal]]s, 3 species)
*[[Peafowl]] (may be part of a distinct family):
**Genus ''[[Pavo (genus)|Pavo]]'' (2 species)
**''Afropavo congensis'' ([[Congo Peafowl]])
*Genus ''Gallus'' ([[Junglefowl]]s including the domestic [[chicken]], 5 species)
==References==
* McGowan, P.J.K. (1994) Family Phasianidae (Pheasants and Partridges) P.p. 434-479 ''in'' del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A. & Sargatal, J. (editors). (1994). ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl''. Lynx Edicions. <small>ISBN 8487334156 </small>
== External links ==
{{wikispecies|Phasianidae}}
*[http://www.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=38 Phasianidae videos] on the Internet Bird Collection
*{{dmoz|Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Galliformes/Phasianidae/|Phasianidae}}
[[Category:Bird families]]
[[Category:phasianidae|*]]
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