Phidippus
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2008-02-21T22:03:49Z
Sarefo
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{{Taxobox
| name = ''Phidippus''
| image = Phidippus_audax.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''[[Phidippus audax]]'' shows green chelicerae
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Arachnida]]
| ordo = [[Araneae]]
| familia = [[Salticidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Dendryphantinae]]
| tribus = [[Dendryphantini]]
| genus = '''''Phidippus'''''
| genus_authority = [[Carl Ludwig Koch|C. L. Koch]], [[1846]]
| diversity_link = List of Salticidae species#Phidippus
| diversity = 75 species
| type_species = ''[[Phidippus audax|Attus audax]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Nicholas Marcellus Hentz|Hentz]], 1845
| range_map =
| range_map_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
''[[Phidippus audax|P. audax]]''<br />
''[[Phidippus californicus|P. californicus]]''<br />
''[[Phidippus cardinalis|P. cardinalis]]''<br />
''[[Phidippus johnsoni|P. johnsoni]]''<br />
''[[Phidippus mystaceus|P. mystaceus]]''<br />
''[[Phidippus octopunctatus|P. octopunctatus]]''<br />
''[[Phidippus regius|P. regius]]''<br />
''[[Phidippus whitmani|P. whitmani]]''<br />
''[[Phidippus workmani|P. workmani]]''<br />
many more, ''see text''
}}
'''''Phidippus''''' is a genus in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Some of the largest jumping spiders inhabit this genus, and many species are characterized by their brilliant, iridescent green [[chelicerae]]. ''Phidippus'' appears to be distributed almost exclusively in [[North America]]{{Fact|date=January 2008}}<!---this contradicts the species list further down this page, which includes several species from Peru, French Guiana, Guyana, Venezuela and Argentina, and also four species from Asian. If they don't belong in the list, it should be cleaned up by someone with knowledge to do so--->, with the exception of two exported species (''[[Phidippus audax]]'', ''[[Phidippus regius]]''). There are 60 valid described species in the genus. The four species described in ''Phidippus'' found in [[India]] and one in [[Bangladesh]] do not belong in this genus.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} Neither do the species described from South America.{{Fact|date=January 2008}}
==Name==
The genus name is likely derived from [[Cicero]]'s speech ''Pro Rege Deiotaro'' (Speech in Behalf of King Deiotarus)<ref>[http://pinkmonkey.com/dl/library1/book0597.pdf Pro Rege Deiotaro]</ref>: Phidippus was a slave who was physician to King Deiotaros. Literally, the words means "one who spares horses" in [[Ancient Greek]].<ref>Ubick ''et al.'' 2005</ref>
==Species==
* ''[[Phidippus adonis]]'' <small>[[G. B. Edwards|Edwards]], 2004</small> — [[Mexico]]
* ''[[Phidippus adumbratus]]'' <small>[[Willis J. Gertsch|Gertsch]], 1934</small> — [[USA]]
* ''[[Phidippus aeneidens]]'' <small>[[Wladyslaw Taczanowski|Taczanowski]], 1878</small> — [[Peru]]
* ''[[Phidippus albocinctus]]'' <small>Caporiacco, 1947</small> — [[Guyana]]
* ''[[Phidippus albulatus]]'' <small>[[Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge|F. O. P-Cambridge]], 1901</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus amans]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus apacheanus]]'' <small>[[Ralph Vary Chamberlin|Chamberlin]] & Gertsch, 1929</small> — USA, Mexico, [[Cuba]]
* ''[[Phidippus ardens]]'' <small>[[George and Elizabeth Peckham|Peckham & Peckham]], 1901</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus arizonensis]]'' <small>(Peckham & Peckham, 1883)</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus asotus]]'' <small>Chamberlin & [[Wilton Ivie|Ivie]], 1933</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus audax]]'' <small>([[Nicholas Marcellus Hentz|Hentz]], 1845)</small> — [[North America]], introduced in [[Hawai'i]], [[Nicobar Islands]]
* ''[[Phidippus aureus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus bengalensis]]'' <small>Tikader, 1977</small> — [[India]]
* ''[[Phidippus bidentatus]]'' <small>F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901</small> — USA to [[Costa Rica]]
* ''[[Phidippus birabeni]]'' <small>[[Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão|Mello-Leitão]], 1944</small> — [[Argentina]]
* ''[[Phidippus boei]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus borealis]]'' <small>Banks, 1895</small> — USA, [[Canada]], [[Alaska]]
* ''[[Phidippus calcuttaensis]]'' <small>Biswas, 1984</small> — India
* ''[[Phidippus californicus]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1901</small> — North America
* ''[[Phidippus cardinalis]]'' <small>(Hentz, 1845)</small> — USA, Mexico, possibly [[Panama]]
* ''[[Phidippus carneus]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1896</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus carolinensis]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1909</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus cerberus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus clarus]]'' <small>[[Eugen von Keyserling|Keyserling]], 1885</small> — North America
* ''[[Phidippus comatus]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1901</small> — North America
* ''[[Phidippus concinnus]]'' <small>Gertsch, 1934</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus cruentus]]'' <small>F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus cryptus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA, Canada
* ''[[Phidippus dianthus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus exlineae]]'' <small>Caporiacco, 1955</small> — [[Venezuela]]
* ''[[Phidippus felinus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus georgii]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1896</small> — Mexico to [[El Salvador]]
* ''[[Phidippus guianensis]]'' <small>Caporiacco, 1947</small> — Guyana
* ''[[Phidippus hingstoni]]'' <small>Mello-Leitão, 1948</small> — Guyana
* ''[[Phidippus insignarius]]'' <small>C. L. Koch, 1846</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus johnsoni]]'' <small>(Peckham & Peckham, 1883)</small> — North America
* ''[[Phidippus kastoni]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus khandalaensis]]'' <small>Tikader, 1977</small> — India
* ''[[Phidippus lynceus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus maddisoni]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus majumderi]]'' <small>Biswas, 1999</small> — [[Bangladesh]]
* ''[[Phidippus mimicus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus morpheus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus mystaceus]]'' <small>(Hentz, 1846)</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus nikites]]'' <small>Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus octopunctatus]]'' <small>(Peckham & Peckham, 1883)</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus olympus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus otiosus]]'' <small>(Hentz, 1846)</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus phoenix]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus pius]]'' <small>Scheffer, 1905</small> — USA to Costa Rica
* ''[[Phidippus pompatus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus princeps]]'' <small>(Peckham & Peckham, 1883)</small> — USA, Canada
* ''[[Phidippus pruinosus]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1909</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus pulcherrimus]]'' <small>Keyserling, 1885</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus punjabensis]]'' <small>Tikader, 1974</small> — India
* ''[[Phidippus purpuratus]]'' <small>Keyserling, 1885</small> — USA, Canada
* ''[[Phidippus putnami]]'' <small>(Peckham & Peckham, 1883)</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus regius]]'' <small>C. L. Koch, 1846 (USA, West Indies, [[Easter Island]]</small> — introduced)
* ''[[Phidippus richmani]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus tenuis]]'' <small>(Kraus, 1955)</small> — El Salvador
* ''[[Phidippus texanus]]'' <small>Banks, 1906</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus tigris]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus toro]]'' <small>Edwards, 1978</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus triangulifer]]'' <small>Caporiacco, 1954</small> — French Guiana
* ''[[Phidippus tux]]'' <small>Pinter, 1970</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus tyrannus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA, Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus tyrrelli]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1901</small> — North America
* ''[[Phidippus ursulus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus venus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — Mexico
* ''[[Phidippus vexans]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus whitmani]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1909</small> — USA, Canada
* ''[[Phidippus workmani]]'' <small>Peckham & Peckham, 1901</small> — USA
* ''[[Phidippus yashodharae]]'' <small>Tikader, 1977</small> — [[Andaman Islands]]
* ''[[Phidippus zebrinus]]'' <small>Mello-Leitão, 1945</small> — Argentina
* ''[[Phidippus zethus]]'' <small>Edwards, 2004</small> — Mexico
==Footnotes==
<small>{{reflist}}</small>
==References==
* {{aut|Gardner, B.T.}} (1965): Observations on Three Species of ''Phidippus'' Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). ''[[Psyche (entomological journal)|Psyche]]'' 72:133-147 [http://psyche2.entclub.org/articles/72/72-133.pdf PDF] (''P. californicus'' = ''P. coccineus'', ''P. apacheanus'', ''P. octopunctatus'' = ''P. opifex'')
* {{aut|Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. and Roth, V.}} (editors) (2005): Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual. ''American Arachnological Society'' ISBN 0-9771439-0-2
* {{aut|Edwards, G.B.}} (2004): Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus ''Phidippus'' (Araneae: Salticidae). ''Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods'' '''11''': i-viii, 1-156, 350 figs.
==External links==
{{commons|Phidippus}}
==Videos==
* David Edwin Hill: Portrait of feeding female ''Phidippus audax'' — [http://www.archive.org/details/PortraitoffeedingfemalePhidippusaudax Video]
* David Edwin Hill: Variable female forms of the jumping spider ''Phidippus clarus'' — [http://www.archive.org/details/FemaleformsofPhidippusclarus Video]
==Pictures==
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/spider_bold_jumping.htm "Bold Jumping Spider" - ''Phidippus audax'']
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/spider_Phidippus_clarus.htm ''Phidippus clarus'' diagnostic photographs, male and female specimens]
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/spider_jumping_P_mystaceus.htm ''Phidippus mystaceus'' photographs, adult male specimen]
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/spider_Phidippus_princeps.htm ''Phidippus princeps'' reference photographs]
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/spider_jumping_Phidippus_otiosus.htm ''Phidippus otiosus'' adult male specimen]
*[http://www.miiz.waw.pl/salticid/catalog/phidippu.htm Catalog of genus ''Phidippus'']
* [http://www.miiz.waw.pl/salticid/diagnost/ph-gbedw/ph-gbedw.htm Pictures of ''Phidippus'' species] (''P. adumbratus'', ''P. apacheanus'', ''P. arizonensis'', ''P. asotus'', ''P. audax'', ''P. basalis'', ''P. boei'', ''P. cardinalis'', ''P. carneus'', ''P. clarus'', ''P. comatus'',''P. cruentus'', ''P. johnsoni'', ''P. mystaceus'', ''P. octopunctatus'', ''P. olympus'', ''P. otlosus'', ''P. phoenix'', ''P. plus'', ''P. princeps'', ''P. pruinosus'', ''P. pulcherrimus'', ''P. purpuratus'', ''P. putnami'', ''P. regius'', ''P. richmani'', ''P. texanus'', ''P. tigris'', ''P. toro'', ''P. tyrelli'', ''P. whitmani'' and ''P. workmani''.)
* [http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/subimages.cfm?SUB=14736 Picture of ''Phidippus'' species] (free for noncommercial use)
[[Category:Salticidae]]
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