Philautus 3794489 215407603 2008-05-28T01:28:58Z Bob the Wikipedian 1531408 link {{Taxobox | name = ''Philautus'' | regnum = [[Animal]]ia | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Amphibia]] | ordo = [[Anura]] | subordo = [[Neobatrachia]] | familia = [[Rhacophoridae]] | subfamilia = [[Rhacophorinae]] | genus = '''''Philautus''''' | genus_authority = [[Johannes von Nepomuk Franz Xaver Gistel|Gistel]], [[1848]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Species]] | subdivision = See text. }} '''''Philautus''''' is a genus of [[frog]]s in the family [[Rhacophoridae]]. Many species in this genus is now considered extinct by [[IUCN]], while others are widespread and abundant (such as the recently-described ''P. abundus'', which was specifically named for this fact). This genus is unique in that there is direct development, with all growth inside the egg and no free swimming tadpole stage.<ref>Biju, S. D. (2003) Reproductive mode in the shrub frog ''Philautus glandulosus'' (Jerdon, 1853) (Anura: Rhacophoridae). Current Science. 84(3):283-284 [http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb102003/283.pdf PDF]</ref> Some species have been found to bury their eggs in soil although they are arboreal and others attach their eggs to leaves.<ref>Bahir, M. M. , M. Meegaskumbura, K. Manamendra-Arachchi, C. J. Schneider & R. Pethiyagoda. 2005. Reproduction and terrestrial direct development in Sri Lankan shrub frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 12:339-350 [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz339-350.pdf PDF]</ref> ''[[Philautus maia|P. maia]]'', fourth in the [[International Institute for Species Exploration]]'s top ten species of 2008, was discovered in a museum. Thankfully, the extinct species was preserved from the 19th century, or the species would never have been discovered[http://www.species.asu.edu/2008_species04.php]. ==List of species== * ''[[Philautus abditus]]'' Inger, Orlov, & Darevsky, 1999. * ''[[Philautus abundus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus acutirostris]]'' (Peters, 1867). * ''[[Philautus acutus]]'' Dring, 1987. * ''[[Philautus adspersus]]'' (Günther, 1872). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus albopunctatus]]'' Liu & Hu, 1962. * ''[[Philautus alto]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus amoenus]]'' Smith, 1931. * ''[[Philautus andersoni]]'' (Ahl, 1927). * ''[[Philautus annandalii]]'' (Boulenger, 1906). * ''[[Philautus asankai]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus aurantium]]'' Inger, 1989. * ''[[Philautus auratus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus aurifasciatus]]'' (Schlegel, 1837). * ''[[Philautus banaensis]]'' Bourret, 1939. * ''[[Philautus beddomii]]'' (Günther, 1876). * ''[[Philautus bombayensis]]'' (Annandale, 1919). * ''[[Philautus bunitus]]'' Inger, Stuebing, & Tan, 1995. * ''[[Philautus caeruleus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus cardamonus]]'' Ohler, Swan & Daltry, 2002. * ''[[Philautus carinensis]]'' (Boulenger, 1893). * ''[[Philautus cavirostris]]'' (Günther, 1869). * ''[[Philautus chalazodes]]'' (Günther, 1876). * ''[[Philautus charius]]'' Rao, 1937. * ''[[Philautus cinerascens]]'' (Stoliczka, 1870). * ''[[Philautus cornutus]]'' (Boulenger, 1920). * ''[[Philautus cuspis]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus decoris]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus dimbullae]]'' (Shreve, 1940). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus disgregus]]'' Inger, 1989. * ''[[Philautus dubius]]'' (Boulenger, 1882). * ''[[Philautus erythrophthalmus]]'' Stuebing & Wong, 2000. * ''[[Philautus eximius]]'' Shreve, 1940. (extinct) * ''[[Philautus extirpo]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. (extinct) * ''[[Philautus femoralis]]'' (Günther, 1864). * ''[[Philautus fergusonianus]]'' (Ahl, 1927). * ''[[Philautus flaviventris]]'' (Boulenger, 1882). * ''[[Philautus frankenbergi]]'' Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005. * ''[[Philautus fulvus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus folicola]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus garo]]'' (Boulenger, 1919). * ''[[Philautus glandulosus]]'' (Jerdon, 1854). * ''[[Philautus gracilipes]]'' Bourret, 1937. * ''[[Philautus griet]]'' Bossuyt, 2002. * ''[[Philautus gryllus]]'' Smith, 1924. * ''[[Philautus gunungensis]]'' Malkmus & Riede, 1996. * ''[[Philautus hallidayi]]'' Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005. * ''[[Philautus halyi]]'' Boulenger, 1904. (extinct) * ''[[Philautus hoffmanni]]'' Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005. * ''[[Philautus hoipolloi]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus hosii]]'' (Boulenger, 1895). * ''[[Philautus hypomelas]]'' (Günther, 1876). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus ingeri]]'' Dring, 1987. * ''[[Philautus jacobsoni]]'' (Kampen, 1912). * ''[[Philautus jerdonii]]'' (Günther, 1876). * ''[[Philautus jinxiuensis]]'' Hu In Hu, Fei & Ye, 1978. * ''[[Philautus kempiae]]'' (Boulenger, 1919). * ''[[Philautus kerangae]]'' Dring, 1987. * ''[[Philautus leitensis]]'' (Boulenger, 1897). * ''[[Philautus leucorhinus]]'' (Lichtenstein & Martens, 1856). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus limbus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus longchuanensis]]'' Yang & Li ''In'' Yang, Su & Li, 1979. * ''[[Philautus longicrus]]'' (Boulenger, 1894). * ''[[Philautus lunatus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus luteolus]]'' Kuramoto & Joshy, 2003. * ''[[Philautus macropus]]'' (Günther, 1869). * ''[[Philautus maia]]'' Meegaskumbura et al., 2007. (extinct) * ''[[Philautus malcolmsmithi]]'' (Ahl, 1927). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus maosonensis]]'' Bourret, 1937. * ''[[Philautus medogensis]]'' Ye & Hu, 1984. * ''[[Philautus menglaensis]]'' Kou, 1990. * ''[[Philautus microdiscus]]'' (Annandale, 1912). * ''[[Philautus microtympanum]]'' (Günther, 1858). * ''[[Philautus mittermeieri]]'' Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005. * ''[[Philautus mjobergi]]'' Smith, 1925. * ''[[Philautus mooreorum]]'' Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005. * ''[[Philautus namdaphaensis]]'' Sarkar & Sanyal, 1985. * ''[[Philautus nanus]]'' (Günther, 1869). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus nasutus]]'' (Günther, 1869). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus neelanethrus]]'' Gururaja, Aravind, Ali et al., 2007.<ref>Gururaja, KV and Aravind, NA and Ali, S and Ramachandra, TV and Velavan, TP and Krishnakumar, V and Aggarwal, RK (2007) A New Frog Species from the Central Western Ghats of India,and Its Phylogenetic Position. Zoological Science 24:pp. 525-534. [http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/archive/00012445/ Text]</ref> * ''[[Philautus nemus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus ocellatus]]'' Liu & Hu In Liu, Hu, Fei & Huang, 1973. * ''[[Philautus ochlandrae]]'' Gururaja et al., 2007. * ''[[Philautus ocularis]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus odontotarsus]]'' Ye & Fei ''In'' Ye, Fei & Hu, 1993. * ''[[Philautus oxyrhynchus]]'' (Günther, 1872). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus pallidipes]]'' (Barbour, 1908). * ''[[Philautus papillosus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus pardus]]'' Meegaskumbura et al., 2007. (extinct) * ''[[Philautus parvulus]]'' (Boulenger, 1893). * ''[[Philautus petersi]]'' (Boulenger, 1900). * ''[[Philautus petilus]]'' Stuart & Heatwole, 2004. * ''[[Philautus pleurotaenia]]'' (Boulenger, 1904). * ''[[Philautus poecilius]]'' Brown & Alcala, 1994. * ''[[Philautus poppiae]]'' Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005. * ''[[Philautus popularis]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus procax]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus refugii]]'' Inger & Stuebing, 1996. * ''[[Philautus regius]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus reticulatus]]'' (Günther, 1869). * ''[[Philautus rhododiscus]]'' Liu & Hu, 1962. * ''[[Philautus romeri]]'' Smith, 1953. * ''[[Philautus rugatus]]'' (Ahl, 1927). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus rus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus sahai]]'' Sarkar & Ray, 2006. * ''[[Philautus sanctisilvaticus]]'' Das & Chanda, 1997. * ''[[Philautus sarasinorum]]'' (Müller, 1887). * ''[[Philautus saueri]]'' Malkmus & Riede, 1996. * ''[[Philautus schmackeri]]'' (Boettger, 1892). * ''[[Philautus schmarda]]'' (Kelaart, 1854). * ''[[Philautus semiruber]]'' (Annandale, 1913) - validity uncertain. * ''[[Philautus shillongensis]]'' Pillai & Chanda, 1973. * ''[[Philautus signatus]]'' (Boulenger, 1882). * ''[[Philautus silus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus silvaticus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus simba]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus similipalensis]]'' Dutta, 2003. * ''[[Philautus similis]]'' Kampen, 1923. * ''[[Philautus sordidus]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus steineri]]'' Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005. * ''[[Philautus stellatus]]'' (Kelaart, 1853). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus stictomerus]]'' (Günther, 1876). * ''[[Philautus stuarti]]'' Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi, 2005. * ''[[Philautus supercornutus]]'' Orlov, Ho & Nguyen, 2004. * ''[[Philautus surdus]]'' (Peters, 1863). * ''[[Philautus surrufus]]'' Brown & Alcala, 1994. * ''[[Philautus tectus]]'' Dring, 1987. * ''[[Philautus temporalis]]'' (Günther, 1864). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus terebrans]]'' Das & Chanda, 1998. * ''[[Philautus tinniens]]'' (Jerdon, 1854). * ''[[Philautus travancoricus]]'' (Boulenger, 1891). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus tuberohumerus]]'' Kuramoto & Joshy, 2003. * ''[[Philautus tytthus]]'' Smith, 1940. * ''[[Philautus umbra]]'' Dring, 1987. * ''[[Philautus variabilis]]'' (Günther, 1858). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus vermiculatus]]'' (Boulenger, 1900). * ''[[Philautus viridis]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. * ''[[Philautus vittiger]]'' (Boulenger, 1897). * ''[[Philautus worcesteri]]'' (Stejneger, 1905). * ''[[Philautus wynaadensis]]'' (Jerdon, 1854). * ''[[Philautus zal]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. (extinct) * ''[[Philautus zimmeri]]'' (Ahl, 1927). (extinct) * ''[[Philautus zorro]]'' Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005. ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * Gururaja, KV and Dinesh, KP and Palot, MJ and Radhakrishnan, C and Ramachandra, TV (2007) A new species of Philautus Gistel (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from southern Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 1621:pp. 1-16. [http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/archive/00012401/ PDF] * Manamendra-Arachchi, K.& R. Pethiyagoda. 2005 The Sri Lankan shrub-frogs of the genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae), with description of 27 new species. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 12:163-303 [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz163-303.pdf PDF] * Meegaskumbura, M. & K. Manamendra-Arachchi. 2005. Description of eight new species of shrub-frogs (Ranidae: Rhacophorinae: Philautus) from Sri Lanka. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement No. 12:305-338. [http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s12/s12rbz305-338.pdf PDF] * [[Category:Rhacophoridae]] [[ca:Philautus]] [[fr:Philautus]] [[nl:Philautus]] [[pt:Philautus]]