Phosphorus sesquisulfide
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{{Chembox new
| Name = P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub>
| ImageFileL1 = P4S3.png
<!-- | ImageSize = 125px -->
| ImageName = Structural formula of the phosphorus sesquisulfide molecule
| ImageFileR1 = Phosphorus-sesquisulfide-3D-balls.png
<!-- | ImageSize1 = 125px -->
| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of the phosphorus sesquisulfide molecule
| IUPACName = Phosphorus sesquisulfide
| OtherNames = phosphorus trisulfide<br /> tetraphosphorus trisulfide<br /> phosphorus sulfide
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 1314-85-8
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 220.093 g mol<sup>-1</sup>
| Appearance = yellow solid
| Density = 2.08 g cm<sup>-3</sup>,<ref name=Leung>Leung, Y. C.; Waser, J.; van Houten, S.; Vos, A.; Wiegers, G. A.; Wiebenga, E. H. “The crystal structure of P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub>”. ''Acta Crystallographica '', Volume '''10''', pages 574-582, year 1957. DOI:10.1107/S0365110X57002042</ref> solid
| MeltingPt = 174 °C
| BoilingPt = 408 °C}}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Other
| OtherCpds = |[[Phosphorus pentasulfide|P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub>]]<br /> [[Phosphorus trioxide|P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>6</sub>]]}}
}}
'''Phosphorus sesquisulfide''' is the [[chemical compound]] with the [[chemical formula|formula]] {{Phosphorus}}<sub>4</sub>{{Sulfur}}<sub>3</sub>.
Depending on purity, samples can appear yellow-green to grey. The compound was discovered by G. Lemoine and first produced safely in [[commerce|commercial]] quantities in 1898 by [[Albright and Wilson]]. It dissolves in an equal weight of [[carbon disulfide]] (CS<sub>2</sub>), underscoring the remarkable ability of CS<sub>2</sub> to dissolve sulfur-rich compounds.
This bicyclic [[heterocycle]] has C<sub>3v</sub> [[molecular symmetry|symmetry]]. It is a derivative of phosphorus (P<sub>4</sub>) by insertion of Sulfur atoms between three P-P bonds. The P-S and P-P distances are 2.090 and 2.235 Å, respectively.<ref name=Leung/>
==Other phosphorus sulfides and selenides==
Several molecular phosphorus sulfides are known in addition to P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub>: three isomers of P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>4</sub>, two isomers of P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>5</sub>, P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>6</sub>, P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>7</sub>, P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>8</sub>, P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>9</sub>, and [[phosphorus pentasulfide|P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub>]].<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. ''Inorganic Chemistry''. Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref> P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>2</sub> is also known but is unstable > <nowiki>−</nowiki>30 °C.<ref>Heal, H. G. ''The Inorganic Heterocyclic Chemistry of Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus''. Academic Press: London; 1980. ISBN 0-12-33580-6.</ref>
P<sub>4</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> and P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub> adopt the same structures.
==Applications==
P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub> is an intermediate in production of [[phosphorus pentasulfide]] (P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub>).
A 1:2 mixture, by weight, of P<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub> and [[potassium chlorate]], together with other materials, comprises the heads of "strike-anywhere [[match]]es".<ref>D. E. C. Corbridge. ''Phosphorus: An Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Technology''. 5th Edition. Elsevier: Amsterdam 1995. ISBN 0-444-89307-5. For a discussion of safety matches, see pages 115-116.</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Phosphorus compounds]]
[[Category:Sulfides]]
[[fr:Sesquisulfure de phosphore]]
[[ja:三硫化四リン]]