Pipevine swallowtail
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2008-06-06T18:00:42Z
GRBerry
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{{Taxobox
| name = Pipevine swallowtail
| image_width = 199px
| image = Pipevineswallowtail.JPG
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a
| classis = [[Insect]]a
| ordo = [[Lepidoptera]]
| familia = [[Swallowtail Butterfly|Papilionidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Papilioninae]]
| tribus = [[Troidini]]
| genus = ''[[Battus (butterfly)|Battus]]''
| species = '''''B. philenor'''''
| binomial = ''Battus philenor''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1771).
| synonyms =
}}
The '''Pipevine Swallowtail Butterfly''' (''Battus philenor'')<ref name="LepIndex philenor">[http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=166321.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dphilenor%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dphilenor%26recLimit%3d30 Card for '''''philenor''''' in LepIndex. Accessed 07 Jul 2007.]</ref>
<ref name="Savela Battus">Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/battus/index.html|Page on ''Battus'' genus.]</ref> is a [[Papilionidae|swallowtail butterfly]] which is found in [[North America|North]] and [[Central America]].
==Range==
The butterfly ranges from southern [[Canada]] southwards across [[USA]] to [[Mexico]], [[Tres Marias islands]] and onto [[Guatemala]] and [[Costa Rica]].<ref name="Carter">'''Carter, David''' - Butterflies and Moths, (Dorling Kindersley Handbooks) pg 55 </ref>
<ref name="Savela Battus"/>
In the United States, the butterfly is found in [[New England]] down to [[Florida]], from Southern [[Ontario]] ([[Canada]]) to [[Nebraska]], [[Texas]], [[Arizona]], [[California]], [[Oregon]] and [[New Mexico]].<ref name="Savela Battus"/>
==Description==
[[Image:Pipevineswallowtail3.jpg|left|thumb|300px]]
:''For a key to the terms used see [[Glossary of Lepidopteran terms|Lepidopteran glossary]]''
The upper surface of the hind wings of the male butterfly has an iridescent metallic blue sheen. The hindwings also have a series of pale, arrow-head markings above and a single row of seven round orange spots, which never touch, set in an iridescent blue field below.
The forewings are dull blackish-brown.<ref name="Carter"/>
==Life cycle==
After mating, females lay batches of eggs on the underside of the leaves of a host plant. The caterpillars feed in small groups when young, but become solitary when older. Chrysalis overwinters.
===Caterpillar===
The caterpillar of the Pipevine swallowtail is reddish-brown. It has rows of fleshy, red or black coloured tubercles on its back.<ref name="Carter"/>
===Host plants===
Host plants for the caterpillars include the Pipevine (''[[Aristolochia]]'' species), including ''[[Aristolochia californica|A. californica]]'', ''[[Aristolochia serpentaria|A. serpentaria]]'' and others. Pipevines confer a poisonous quality to the larvae and resulting adults, much as the [[monarch butterfly]] obtains protection by feeding on milkweed, or [[heliconiine]]s by feeding on [[passion flower]]s.
===Nectar resources===
Adults seek nectar from flowers, including [[thistle]]s (''Cirsium'' species), [[bergamot]], [[lilac]], [[viper's bugloss]], common [[azalea]]s, [[phlox]], [[teasel]], azaleas, [[dame's rocket]], [[lantana]], [[petunia]]s, [[verbena]]s, [[lupine]]s, [[Centaurea solstitialis|yellow star thistle]], [[buckeye]], and [[butterfly bush]].
==Mimicry==
It is [[mimic]]ked by the dark-[[morph (zoology)|morph]] [[Eastern Tiger Swallowtail]] females which are palatable to [[predator]]s. This morph is most often found where the two species' ranges overlap. It is also mimicked by the [[sympatric]] [[subspecies]] of ''[[Limenitis arthemis]]'', the Red-spotted Purples.
==Footnotes==
<references/>
==External links==
*[http://www.rlephoto.com/butterflies/swallowtail_pv01.html Pipevine Swallowtail, Butterflies of North Carolina]
*[http://www.cirrusimage.com/butterfly_pipevine.htm Pipevine Swallowtail Butterfly: Reference large format photographs] Cirrus Digital Imaging
*[http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/species?l=1350 Pipevine Swallowtail, Butterflies and Moths of North America]
*[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Battus_philenor.html Pipevine Swallowtail] at Animal Diversity Web
==References==
* {{aut|Carter, David}}. (2000) ''Butterflies and Moths'', (Dorling Kindersley Handbooks) (2/ed) Dorling Kindersley, London. {{ISBN:0 7513 2707 7}}
==See also==
*[[Papilionidae]]
*[[List of butterflies of India (Lycaenidae)]]
==References==
* Beccaloni, G. W., Scoble, M. J., Robinson, G. S. & Pitkin, B. (Editors). 2003. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). World Wide Web electronic publication. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/lepindex.
* Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/index.html].
{{Papilionidae-stub}}
[[Category:Papilionidae]]
[[Category:Butterflies and moths of North America]]
[[nl:Battus philenor]]
[[no:Battus philenor]]