Piping
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2008-07-07T22:20:57Z
Mikropedia
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:''For other uses, see [[Pipe]].''
[[Image:Mechanical room.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Large-scale piping system in an [[HVAC]] [[mechanical room]]]]
Within [[industry]], '''piping''' is a system of [[pipe (material)|pipes]] used to convey [[fluid]]s and [[gas]]es, from one location to another. The [[engineering]] discipline of piping [[design]] studies the best and most efficient manner of transporting fluid to where it is needed.<ref>{{cite book|author=Editors: Perry, R.H. and Green, D.W.|title=[[Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook]]|edition=6th Edition|publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company|year=1984|id=ISBN 0-07-049479-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Editor: McKetta, John J.|title=Piping Design Handbook|edition= |publisher=Marcel Dekker, Inc.|year=1992|id=ISBN 0-8247-8570-3}}</ref>
Industrial process piping (and accompanying in-line components) can be manufactured from [[wood]], [[glass]], [[steel]], [[aluminum]], [[plastic]], [[copper]], and [[concrete]]. The in-line components, known as [[Piping and plumbing fittings|fittings]], [[valves]], and other devices, typically sense and control the [[pressure]], [[Rate of fluid flow|flow rate]] and [[temperature]] of the transmitted fluid, and usually are included when one discusses the concept of piping design. Piping systems are documented in [[Piping and Instrumentation Diagram]]s. If necessary, pipes can be cleaned by the [[tube cleaning]] process.
[[Plumbing]] is a piping system that most people are familiar with, as it constitutes the form of fluid transportation that is used to provide potable [[water]] and [[Natural gas|fuels]] to their homes and business. Plumbing pipes also remove waste in the form of [[sewage]], and allow venting of sewage gases to the outdoors. [[Fire sprinkler]] systems also use piping, and may transport potable or nonpotable water, or other fire-suppression fluids.
Piping also has many other industrial applications, which are crucial for moving raw and semi-processed fluids for refining into more useful products. Some of the more exotic materials of construction are [[titanium]], [[surgical stainless steel|chrome-moly]] and various other steel [[alloy]]s.
==Pipe stress analysis==
Process piping and power piping are typically checked by pipe stress engineers to verify that the routing, nozzle loads, hangers, and supports are properly placed and selected such that allowable pipe stress is not exceeded under the appropriate [[ASME]] code.<ref>[http://catalog.asme.org/books/PrintBook/Process_Piping_Complete_Guide.cfm Process Piping: ASME B31.3]</ref><ref>[http://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B311_2004_Power_Piping.cfm Power Piping: ASME B31.1]</ref> This checking is usually done with the assistance of a ([[Finite element analysis|finite element]]) [[Stress analysis|pipe stress analysis]] program such as [[Caesar II (analysis program)|Caesar II]], [[ROHR2 (analysis software)|ROHR2]], [[CAEPIPE]] and AUTOPIPE.
==See also==
*[[Hydrogen piping]]
*[[Hydrostatic test]]
*[[Piping and plumbing fittings]]
**[[Pipe cap]]
**[[Valve]]
**[[Street elbow]]
**[[Nipple (plumbing)]]
**[[Coupling (piping)]]
**[[Elbow (piping)]]
**[[Union (plumbing)]]
**[[Victaulic]]
*[[Hydraulic machinery#Hose, tubes and pipes|Hydraulic pipes]]
*[[Plastic Pressure Pipe Systems]]
*[[Riser clamp]]
*[[Firestop]]
*[[Thermal insulation]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
*[http://engstandards.lanl.gov/engrman/6mech/pdfs/D20-AppA-ASME_B31.3-r1a.pdf ASME B31.3 Process Piping Guide, Revision 1] from [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] Engineering Standards Manual OST220-03-01-ESM
*[http://www.americanlifelinesalliance.org/pdf/Seismic_Design_and_Retrofit_of_Piping_Systems.pdf Seismic Design and Retrofit of Piping Systems, July 2002] from American Lifelines Alliance website
*[http://www.usace.army.mil/publications/eng-manuals/em1110-1-4008/entire.pdf Engineering and Design, Liquid Process Piping] [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]], EM 1110-l-4008, May 1999
==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{dmoz|/Construction_and_Maintenance/Materials_and_Supplies/Mechanical/Building_Services_Piping/|Building services piping links}}
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[[Category:Piping| ]]
[[Category:Plumbing]]
[[Category:Chemical engineering]]
[[Category:Mechanical engineering]]
[[Category:Building engineering]]
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