Plan 179824 223253362 2008-07-03T07:23:43Z Jnivekk 7407668 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/220.240.1.236|220.240.1.236]] to last version by ClueBot (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) {{otheruses}} {{Unreferenced|date=September 2007}} {{Merge|planning|date=October 2007}} Informal or [[Ad hoc|ad-hoc]] plans are created by individuals in all of their pursuits. Structured and formal plans, used by multiple people, are more likely to occur in [[project]]s, [[diplomacy]], [[career]]s, [[economic development]], [[military]] campaigns, [[combat]], or in the conduct of other [[business]]. It is common for less formal plans to be created as abstract ideas, and remain in that form as they are maintained and put to use. More formal plans as used for business and military purposes, while initially created with and as an abstract thought, are likely to be written down, drawn up or otherwise stored in a form that is accessible to multiple people across time and space. This allows more reliable collaboration in the execution of the plan. ==Planning== {{main|planning}} To organize a series of actions to achieve a specified outcome. The term '''planning''' implies the working out of sub-components in some degree of elaborate detail. Broader-brush enunciations of objectives may qualify as metaphorical [[roadmap]]s. Planning literally just means the creation of a plan; it can be as simple as making a [[Task list|list]]. It has acquired a technical meaning, however, to cover the area of [[government]] [[legislation]] and [[regulation]]s related to the use of resources. Planning can refer to the planned use of any and all resources, as in the succession of [[Five-Year Plan]]s through which the government of the [[Soviet Union]] sought to develop the country. However, the term is most frequently used in relation to planning for the use of land and related resources, for example in [[urban planning]], [[transportation planning]], and so forth. Thus, in a governmental context, "planning" without any qualification is most likely to mean the regulation of [[land use]]. See also [[zoning]]. ==Quotation== :''Plans are of little importance, but '''planning is essential''''' -- [[Winston Churchill]] :''Plans are nothing; planning is everything.''-- [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] :''No battleplan survives contact with the enemy.'' -- [[Helmuth von Moltke the Elder]] ==Methodology== The discipline of planning has occupied great minds and theoreticians. Concepts such as [[top-down planning]] (as opposed to bottom-up planning) reveal similarities with the [[systems thinking]] behind the [[Top-Down Model]]. The subject touches such broad fields as [[psychology]], [[game theory]], [[communication]]s and [[information theory]], which inform the planning methods that people seek to use and refine; as well as [[logic]] and [[science]] (ie methodological naturalism) which serve as a means of testing different parts of a plan for reliability or consistency. The specific methods used to create and refine plans depends on who is to make it, who is to put it to use, and what resources are available for the task. The methods used by an [[individual]] in their [[mind]] or [[personal organiser]], may be very different from the collection of planning techniques found in a [[corporation|corporate]] board-room, and the planning done by a [[project manager]] has different priorities and uses different tools to the planning done by an [[engineer]] or [[industrial designer]]. ==Types of plan== The most popular ways to describe plans are by their breadth, time frame, and specificity. however, these planning classifications are not independent of one another. for instance, there is a close relationship between the shor-and long-term categories and tha strategic and oerational categories. '''strategic versus operational plans''' Plans that apply to the entire orgainzation, that establish the organization's overall objectives, and that seek to ==Examples of plans== * The [[Schlieffen Plan]] * The [[Five-Year Plan]] system in the former [[Soviet Union]] * The [[Marshall Plan]] * [[Plan de Ayala]] * [[Plan de Casa Mata]] * [[Treaty of Córdoba|Plan de Córdoba]] * [[Plan de Iguala]] * [[Plan de San Luis Potosí]] * [[2003 invasion of Iraq|U.S. plan to invade Iraq]] * [[marketing plan]] * [[business plan]] * [[battle plan]] * [[site planning]] ==See also== * [[critical path method]] * [[PERT]] * [[planned unit development]] * [[roadmap]] * [[strategy]] * [[military tactics|tactics]] * [[automated planning]] [[Category:Management]] [[Category:Operations research]] [[Category:Project management]] [[Category:Thought]] [[Category:Intention]] [[Category:Problem solving]] [[Category:Future]] [[Category:Planning]] [[da:Plan (projekt)]] [[de:Plan]] [[fr:Plan]] [[hi:योजना]] [[hr:Plan (ekonomija)]] [[it:Piano (strategia)]] [[lt:Planavimas]] [[ja:計画]] [[pl:Planowanie]] [[pt:Planejamento]] [[sr:План]] [[yi:פלאן]]