PlayStation
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226169248
2008-07-17T03:35:06Z
Weeliljimmy
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/70.15.194.123|70.15.194.123]] to last version by ClueBot (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]])
{{Story|date=December 2007}}
{{otheruses|PlayStation (disambiguation)}}
{{ Infobox CVG system
|title=PlayStation
|logo=[[Image:Playstation logo colour.svg|100px]]
|image=[[Image:PlayStationConsole bkg-transparent.png|250px|300px|The original PlayStation was produced in a light grey color.]]
|manufacturer=[[Sony Computer Entertainment]]
|family=[[PlayStation (series)|PlayStation]]
|type=[[Video game console]]
|generation=[[History of video game consoles (fifth generation)|Fifth generation era]]
|lifespan={{vgrelease|JP=[[December 3]] [[1994]]<ref name="developmentJP">{{cite web |url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html |title=Business Development/Japan |accessdate=2007-12-19 |publisher=Sony Computer Entertainment Inc}}</ref>}} {{vgrelease|NA=[[September 9]] [[1995]]<ref name="developmentNA">{{cite web |url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatausa_e.html |title=Business Development/North America |accessdate=2007-12-19 |publisher=Sony Computer Entertainment Inc}}</ref>}} {{vgrelease|EU=[[September 29]] [[1995]]<ref name="developmentEU">{{cite web |url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdataeu_e.html |title=Business Development/Europe |accessdate=2007-12-19 |publisher=Sony Computer Entertainment Inc}}</ref>}} {{vgrelease|AUS=November 1995<ref name="aus">{{ cite web | title = SCEE 1995—Key Facts and Figures | url = http://www.scee.presscentre.com/Content/Detail.asp?ReleaseID=93&NewsAreaID=22 | publisher = Sony Computer Entertainment Europe | accessdate = 2006-11-25 }}</ref>}}
|CPU=[[MIPS architecture|MIPS R3000A]] at 33 MHz.
|connection=[[Playstation Link Cable]]
|media=[[CD-ROM]]
|storage=[[Memory card]]
|units shipped=102.49 million, including 28.15 million [[#PS one|PS one]] units<ref name="shipments">{{cite web | title = PlayStation Cumulative Production Shipments of Hardware| publisher = Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.| url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdataps_e.html | accessdate = 2007-09-05}}</ref>
|topgame=''[[Gran Turismo (video game)|Gran Turismo]]'', 10.85 million shipped <small>(as of [[April 30]] [[2008]])</small><ref>{{cite press release |url=http://asia.playstation.com/eng_hk/index.php?q=node/1517 |title=Gran Turismo Series Shipment Exceeds 50 Million Units Worldwide |date=2008-05-09 |accessdate=2008-06-03 |publisher=[[Sony Computer Entertainment]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polyphony.co.jp/english/list.html |title="Gran Turismo" Series Software Title List |date=April 2008 |accessdate=2008-06-03 |publisher=[[Polyphony Digital]]}}</ref>
|successor=[[PlayStation 2]]}}
The '''PlayStation''' (abbreviated '''PS''', '''PSone''', '''PS1''', or informally as '''PSX''') is a 32-bit [[history of video game consoles (fifth generation)|fifth generation]] [[video game console]] released by [[Sony Computer Entertainment]] in December {{vgy|1994}}.<ref name="developmentJP">{{cite web |url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatajpn_e.html |title=Business Development/Japan |accessdate=2007-12-19 |publisher=Sony Computer Entertainment Inc}}</ref>
The PlayStation was the first of the ubiquitous [[PlayStation (series)|PlayStation series of console and hand-held game devices]]. Successor consoles and upgrades include the [[Net Yaroze]], a special black PS with tools and instructions to program PS games and applications, [[#PS one|PS one]], a smaller version of the original, [[PocketStation]], a handheld which enhances(?) PS games and acts as a memory card, the [[PlayStation 2]], which maintains backwards compatibility, a revised [[PlayStation2#Hardware revisions|slimline PlayStation 2]], the [[PlayStation Portable]], a handheld gaming console, a revised [[PlayStation Portable Slim and Lite]], the [[PSX (DVR)|PSX]] a media center / [[Digital video recorder|DVR]] / [[DVD recorder]] based on the PlayStation 2, and the [[PlayStation 3]]. On [[March 31]] [[2005]], the PlayStation and PS one reached a combined total of 102.49 million units shipped,<ref name="shipments" /> becoming the first video game console to reach the 100 million mark.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/release/pdf/051130e.pdf|title=PlayStation 2 Breaks Record as the Fastest Computer Entertainment Platform to Reach Cumulative Shipment of 100 Million Units |date=2005-11-30 |publisher=[[Sony Computer Entertainment]] |accessdate=2008-06-08}}</ref>
==History==
[[Image:Playstation Controller.jpg|thumb|left|An original PlayStation control pad. This model was later replaced by the [[Dual Analog Controller|Dual Analog]], and then the [[DualShock]].]]
The first conceptions of the PlayStation date back to 1986. [[Nintendo]] had been attempting to work with disc technology since the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Famicom]], but the medium had problems. Its rewritable magnetic nature could be easily erased (thus leading to a lack of durability), and the discs were a [[copyright infringement]] danger. Consequently, when details of [[CD-ROM|CDROM/XA]] (an extension of the CD-ROM format that combines compressed audio, visual and computer data, allowing all to be accessed simultaneously) came out, Nintendo was interested. CD-ROM/XA was being simultaneously developed by [[Sony]] and [[Phillips]]. Nintendo approached Sony to develop a [[CD-ROM]] add-on, tentatively titled the "SNES-CD". A contract was signed, and work began. Nintendo's choice of Sony was due to a prior dealing: [[Ken Kutaragi]], the person who would later be dubbed "The Father of PlayStation", was the individual who had sold Nintendo on using the Sony [[SPC700|SPC-700]] processor for use as the eight-channel [[Pulse-code modulation#Digitization as part of the PCM process|ADPCM]] sound synthesis set in the [[Super Nintendo Entertainment System|Super Famicom/SNES]] console through an impressive demonstration of the processor's capabilities.<ref>"Game Over", by David Scheff</ref>
Sony also planned to develop another, Nintendo compatible, Sony-branded console, but one which would be more of a home entertainment system playing both [[Super Nintendo]] cartridges and a new CD format which Sony would design. This was also to be the format used in SNES-CD discs, giving a large degree of control to Sony despite Nintendo's leading position in the video gaming market.
[[Image:DualShock.jpg|thumb|right|The [[DualShock]] controller.]]
The SNES-CD was to be announced at the June 1991 [[Consumer Electronics Show]] (CES). However, when [[Hiroshi Yamauchi]] read the original 1988 contract between Sony and Nintendo, he realized that the earlier agreement essentially handed Sony complete control over any and all titles written on the SNES CD-ROM format. Yamauchi decided that the contract was totally unacceptable and he secretly canceled all plans for the joint Nintendo-Sony SNES CD attachment. Instead of announcing a partnership between Sony and Nintendo, at 9 a.m. the day of the CES, Nintendo chairman [[Howard Lincoln]] stepped onto the stage and revealed that Nintendo was now allied with [[Philips]], and Nintendo was planning on abandoning all the previous work Nintendo and Sony had accomplished. Lincoln and [[Minoru Arakawa]] had, unbeknown to Sony, flown to Philips headquarters in [[Europe]] and formed an alliance of a decidedly different nature—one that would give Nintendo total control over its licenses on Philips machines.
After the collapse of the joint project, Sony considered halting their research, but ultimately the company decided to use what they had developed so far and make it into a complete, stand alone console. As a result, Nintendo filed a lawsuit claiming [[breach of contract]] and attempted, in [[United States federal courts|U.S. federal court]], to obtain an [[injunction]] against the release of the PlayStation, on the grounds that Nintendo owned the name. The federal judge presiding over the case denied the injunction and, in October 1991, the first incarnation of the new Sony PlayStation was revealed. However, it is theorized that only 200 or so of these machines were ever produced.
[[Image:Memory Card for PlayStation.jpg|thumb|150px|right|PlayStation [[Memory Card]]]]
By the end of 1992, Sony and Nintendo reached a deal whereby the "Sony Play Station" would still have a port for SNES games, but Nintendo would own the rights and receive the bulk of the profits from the games, and the SNES would continue to use the Sony-designed audio chip. However, Sony decided in early 1993 to begin reworking the "Play Station" concept to target a new generation of hardware and software. As part of this process the SNES cartridge port was dropped and the space between the names was removed.
===Launch===
The PlayStation was launched in [[Japan]] on [[December 3]] [[1994]], [[North America]] on [[September 9]] [[1995]],<ref name="developmentNA"/> [[Europe]] on [[September 29]] [[1995]],<ref name="developmentEU"/> and [[Oceania]] in November 1995.<ref name="aus"/> The launch price in the American market was [[United States dollar|US$]]299<ref name="developmentNA"/> (a price point later used by its successor, the [[PlayStation 2]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=PlayStation 2 Timeline |publisher=[[GameSpy]] |url=http://archive.gamespy.com/articles/february04/ps2timeline/index3.shtml |accessdate=2007-07-10}}</ref> and Sony enjoyed a very successful launch with titles of almost every genre, including ''[[Battle Arena Toshinden]]'', ''[[Twisted Metal]]'', ''[[Warhawk (PlayStation game)|Warhawk]]'', ''[[Philosoma]]'', and ''[[Ridge Racer]]''. Almost all of Sony's and [[Namco]]'s launch titles went on to spawn numerous sequels.{{Fact|date=December 2007}}
The PlayStation was also able to generate interest with a unique series of [[advertising campaign]]s. Many of the ads released at the time of launch were full of ambiguous content which had many gamers rabidly debating their meanings. The most well-known launch ads include the "<font color="red">'''E'''</font>nos Lives" campaign, and the "U R Not <font color="red">'''e'''</font>" ads (the "e" in "U R Not <font color="red">'''e'''</font>" was always colored in red, to symbolize the word "ready", and the "<font color="red">'''E'''</font>nos" meant "ready '''N'''inth '''O'''f '''S'''eptember", the U.S. launch date). The Enos ad could also be read as Sony written backward with phonetic sound of "E" replacing the "y". It is believed that these ads were an attempt to play off the gaming public's suspicion towards Sony as an unknown, untested entity in the video game market. The [[PlayStation 3]] slogan, "PLAY B<font color="red">'''3'''</font>YOND", resembles this slogan, as the 3 is red.
The PlayStation logo was designed by [[Ryan Harrington]],{{fact|date=May 2008}} who also designed the logo for Sony's [[VAIO]] computer products.
===Titles===
{{Seealso| Chronology of PlayStation games| List of PlayStation 1 games}}
As of [[September 30]], [[2007]], 7,978 [[software]] titles have been released worldwide (counting games released in multiple regions as separate titles).<ref>{{cite web | title = Cumulative Software Titles | publisher = Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. | url = http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatatitle_e.html | accessdate = 2007-12-10 }}</ref> As of [[March 31]] [[2007]], the cumulative software shipment was at 962 million units.<ref>{{cite web | title = Cumulative Production Shipments of Software Titles | publisher = Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. | url = http://www.scei.co.jp/corporate/data/bizdatapssoft_e.html | date = 2007-03-31 | accessdate = 2007-07-10 }}</ref> The very last game for the system was ''[[FIFA Football 2005]]''.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}
The ''OK'' and ''Cancel'' buttons on most of the Japanese PlayStation games are reversed in their North American and European releases. In Japan, the [[Image:PlayStationCircle.svg|Circle|{{deletable image-caption|1=Sunday, 21 October 2007}}]] button (''maru'', right) is used as the OK button, while the [[Image:PlayStationX.svg|X|{{deletable image-caption|1=Sunday, 21 October 2007}}]] button (''batsu'', wrong) is used as the Cancel one. North American and European releases have the [[Image:PlayStationX.svg|X]] button or the [[Image:PlayStationCircle.svg|Circle]] buttons as the OK button, while the [[Image:PlayStationSquare.svg|Square]] or the [[Image:PlayStationTriangle.svg|Triangle]] buttons are used as the Cancel ones. However, a few games such as [[Square Enix|Squaresoft's]] ''[[Vagrant Story]]'', ''[[Final Fantasy VII]]'', and ''[[Final Fantasy Tactics]]'', and [[Konami]]'s ''[[Metal Gear Solid]]'', have the buttons remain in the same Japanese configuration in their North American and European releases. These Japanese button layouts still apply to other PlayStation consoles, such as the [[PlayStation Portable]] (PSP), [[PlayStation 2]] and the [[PlayStation 3]]. This is because in the early years Sony America (SCEA), Sony Europe (SCEE) and Sony Japan (SCEJ) had different development and testing documents (TRCs) for their respective territories.
===Production run===
Lasting over 11 years, the PlayStation enjoyed one of the longest production runs in the video game industry. On [[March 23]], [[2006]], [[Sony]] announced the end of production.<ref name="stops">{{cite web |title=Sony stops making original PS |publisher=News at GameSpot |last=Sinclair |first=Brendan |url=http://www.gamespot.com/pages/news/story.php?sid=6146549&page=7 |date=2006-03-24 |accessdate=2008-03-28}}</ref>
==Variants==
[[Image:DTL-H1102.jpg|thumb|Developer's kit PlayStation]]
The PlayStation went through a number of variants during its production run, each accompanied by a change in the part number. From an external perspective, the most notable change was the gradual reduction in the number of external connectors on the unit. This started very early on—the original Japanese launch units (SCPH-1000) had an [[S-Video]] port, which was removed on the next release. This also led to the strange situation where the US and European launch units had the same part number series (SCPH-100x) as the Japanese launch units, but had different hardware (Rev. C silicon and no S-Video port)—they were the same as the Japanese SCPH-3000, so for consistency should have been SCPH-3001 and SCPH-3002 (this numbering was used for the Yaroze machines, which were based on the same hardware and numbered DTL-H3000, DTL-H3001, and DTL-H3002). This series of machines had a reputation for CD drive problems—the optical pickup sled was made of thermoplastic, and eventually developed wear spots that moved the laser into a position where it was no longer parallel with the CD surface—a modification was made that replaced the sled with a die-cast one with hard nylon inserts, which corrected the problem.
With the release of the next series (SCPH-500x), the numbers moved back into sync. A number of changes were made to the unit internally (CD drive relocated, shielding simplified, PSU wiring simplified) and the RCA jacks and RFU power connectors were removed from the rear panel. This series also contained the SCPH-550x and SCPH-555x units, but these appear to have been bundle changes rather than actual hardware revisions.
These were followed by the SCPH-700x and SCHP-750x series—they are externally identical to the SCPH-500x machines, but have internal changes made to reduce manufacturing costs (for example, the system RAM went from 4 chips to 1, and the CD controller went from 3 chips to 1).
The final revision to the original PlayStation was the SCPH-900x series—these had the same hardware as the SCPH-750x machines with the exception of the removal of the parallel port and a slight reduction in the size of the PCB. The removal of the parallel port was probably partly because no official add-on had ever been released for it, and partly because it was being used to connect cheat cartridges that could be used to defeat the [[copy prevention]].
The PS one was based on substantially the same hardware as the SCPH-750x and 900x, but had the serial port removed, the controller / memory card ports moved to the main PCB and the power supply replaced with a DC-DC converter that was also on the main PCB.
With the early units, many gamers experienced skipping full-motion video or dreaded physical "ticking" noises coming from their PlayStations. The problem appears to have come from poorly placed vents leading to overheating in some environments—the plastic moldings inside the console would warp very slightly and create knock-on effects with the laser assembly. The solution was to ensure the console was sat on a surface which dissipated heat efficiently in a well vented area, or raise the unit up slightly by propping something at its edges. A common fix for already affected consoles was to turn the PlayStation sideways or upside-down (thereby using gravity to cancel the effects of the warped interior) although some gamers smacked the lid of the PlayStation to make a game load or work.
Sony then released a version dubbed "Dual Shock", which included a controller with 2 [[analog sticks]] and a built in force-feedback feature.
Another version that was colored blue (as opposed to regular console units that were grey in color) was available to game developers and select press. Later versions of this were colored green—on a technical level, these units were almost identical to the retail units, but had a different CD controller in them that did not require the region code found on all pressed disks, since they were intended to be used with CD-R media for debugging. This also allowed the use of discs from different regions, but this was not officially supported; different debug stations existed for each region. The two different color cases were not cosmetic—the original blue debug station (DTL-H100x, DTL-H110x) contained "Revision B" silicon, the same as the early retail units (these units had silicon errata that needed software workarounds), the green units (DTL-H120x) had Rev. C hardware. As part of the required tests, the user had to test the title on both. Contrary to popular belief, the RAM was the same as the retail units at 2 MB. The firmware was nearly identical—the only significant change was that debug printf()s got sent to the serial port if the title didn't open it for communications—this used a DTL-H3050 serial cable (the same as the one used for the Yaroze).
A white version was also produced that had the ability to play [[VCD]]s—this was only sold in Asia, since that format never really caught on anywhere else. From a developer perspective, the white PSX could be treated exactly like any other NTSC:J PlayStation.
The PS1 with a model number of SCPH-1001 has been reported to be a very good sounding [[compact disc player]] rivaling [[audiophile]] CD players from [[high end audio]] manufacturers.<ref>{{cite web | title = A second life for first PlayStation | publisher = MSNBC.com | last = Krakow| first = Gary | url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/15484873/ | date = 2006-11-10 | accessdate = 2007-07-10 }}</ref>
===Hacks===
A number of these units appeared on the secondary market and were popular because they would run games from any region and CD-R copies, which tended to result in them commanding high prices. All the blue, green and black units tend to have CD problems, but the DTL-H110x units (with an external PSU block) are significantly more reliable than the original DTL-H100x ones, perhaps due to generally running cooler than the machines with direct high-voltage AC input.
===="Chipped" consoles====
The installation of a [[modchip]] allowed the PlayStation's capabilities to be expanded, and several options were made available. By the end of the system's life cycle almost anyone with minimal soldering experience was able to realize the modification of the console. Such a modification allowed the playing of games from other regions, such as [[PAL]] titles on a [[NTSC]] console, or allowed the ability to play copies of original games without restriction. [[Modchip]]s allow the playing of games recorded on a regular [[CD-R]]. This created a wave of games developed without official approval using [[free software|free]] [[GNU]] [[compiler]] tools, as well as the reproduction of original discs. With the introduction of such devices the console was very attractive to programmers and illegal copiers alike.
Anyone seeking to create copies of games that would work correctly faced several issues at the time, as the discs that were produced by Sony were designed to be difficult to copy — and impossible to copy on recordable media. Discs were manufactured with a black-colored plastic, transparent only to the infrared radiation used by the CD-ROM drive's laser. This was found to offer little protection. Additionally, the discs were mastered with a specific wobble in the lead-in area. This wobble encodes a four-character sequence which is checked by the CD-ROM drive's controller chip. The drive will only accept the disc if the code is correct. This string varies depending on the region of the disk—"SCEI" for NTSC:J machines, "SCEA" for NTSC:U/C machines, "SCEE" for PAL machines and "SCEW" for the Net Yaroze. Since the tracking pattern is pressed into the disc at the time of manufacture, this cannot be reproduced on a CD-R recorder. Some companies (notably [[Datel]]) did manage to produce discs that booted on unmodified retail units, but this required special equipment and can only be done with "pressed" discs. However, inexpensive modchips were created that simply injected the code to the appropriate connections to the controller chip, which provided an easy way of bypassing these measures. The other issue is that most PC drives used Mode 1 or Mode 2/Form 1 (2048 bytes/sector) and the PSX uses a mixed-mode format with most data in Mode 2/Form 1 and streaming audio/video data in Mode 2/Form 2, which most CD-R drives at the time could not handle well. Newer drives were able to correctly handle these variations.
The creation and mass-production of these inexpensive modchips, coupled with their ease of installation, marked the beginning of widespread console videogame copyright infringement. Coincidentally, CD burners were made available around this time. Prior to the PlayStation, the reproduction of copyrighted material for gaming consoles was restricted to either enthusiasts with exceptional technical ability, or others that had access to [[CD manufacturing|CD manufacturers]]. With this console, amateurs could replicate anything Sony was producing for a mere fraction of the [[MSRP]].
===Net Yaroze===
A version of the PlayStation called the [[Net Yaroze]] was also produced. It was more expensive than the original PlayStation, colored black instead of the usual gray, and most importantly, came with tools and instructions that allowed a user to be able to program PlayStation games and applications without the need for a full developer suite, which cost many times the amount of a PlayStation and was only available to approved [[video game developer]]s. Naturally, the Net Yaroze lacked many of the features the full developer suite provided. Programmers were also limited by the 2 MB of total game space that [[Net Yaroze]] allowed. That means the entire game had to be crammed into the 2 MB of system RAM. The amount of space may seem small, but games like Ridge Racer ran entirely from the system RAM (except for the streamed music tracks). It was unique in that it was the only officially retailed Sony PlayStation with no [[regional lockout]]; it would play games from any territory. It would not however play CDR discs, so it was not possible to create self-booting Yaroze games without a modified Playstation.
[[Image:PSone.jpg|thumb|right|235px|PS one with [[LCD]] screen and a [[DualShock]] controller]]
===PS one===<!-- This section is linked from [[Console wars]] and this article's lead -->
The '''PS one''' (also '''PSone''', '''PSOne''', or '''PS1'''), launched in 2000, is [[Sony]]'s smaller (and redesigned) version of its PlayStation [[video game console]]. The PS one is about one-half times smaller than the original PlayStation (38 mm × 193 mm × 144 mm versus 45 mm × 260 mm × 185 mm). It was released in [[July 7]], [[2000]],<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.scee.presscentre.com/Content/Detail.asp?ReleaseID=98&NewsAreaID=22 | title=SCEE 2000—Key Facts and Figures | publisher=Sony Computer Entertainment Europe | accessdate=2006-11-25}}</ref> and went on to outsell all other consoles—including Sony's own brand-new [[PlayStation 2]]—throughout the remainder of the year. Sony also released a small [[LCD]] screen and an adaptor to power the unit for use in cars. The PS one is fully compatible with all PlayStation software. The PlayStation is now officially abbreviated as the "PS1" or "PS one." There were three differences between the "PS one" and the original, the first one being cosmetic change to the console, the second one was the home menu's [[Graphical User Interface]], and the third being added protection against the [[mod-chip]] by changing the internal layout and making previous-generation [[mod-chip]] devices unusable. The PS one also lacks the original PlayStation's parallel and serial ports. The serial port allowed multiple consoles to be connected for multiplayer or for connecting a console to debugging software. The parallel port could be used for development, an external cheat cartridge or a [[mod-chip]], which may have been why it was removed,{{Fact|date=December 2007}} although size constraints are most likely to blame.
===Summary of PlayStation models===
The last digit of the PlayStation model number denotes the region in which it was sold:
* '''0''' is Japan (Japanese boot ROM, NTSC:J region, NTSC Video, 100V PSU)
* '''1''' is USA/Canada (English boot ROM, NTSC:U/C region, NTSC Video, 110V PSU)
* '''2''' is Europe/PAL (English boot ROM, PAL region, PAL Video, 220V PSU)
* '''3''' is Asia (Japanese boot ROM, NTSC:J region, NTSC video, 220V PSU)
===Consumer models===
{{POV|date=April 2008}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%;"
|-
! Model:!! Case:!! BIOS:!! Hardware:!! Region:!! A/V Direct Out:!! Parallel Port:!! Serial Port:!! Sound Scope:!! Notes:
|-
! SCPH-1000
| Original (Grey)
| Unknown (09/22/94)
| Rev. A
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality [[CD-ROM]] drive. [[S-Video]] direct out.
|-
! SCPH-1001
| Original (Grey)
| 2.2 (12/04/95)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-U/C
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Based on SCPH-3000 series.
|-
! SCPH-1002
| Original (Grey)
| 2.0 (05/10/95)
| Rev. B
| PAL
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Based on SCPH-3000 series.
|-
! SCPH-1002
| Original (Grey)
| 2.1 (07/17/95)
| Rev. B
| PAL
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Based on SCPH-3000 series.
|-
! SCPH-1002
| Original (Grey)
| 2.2 (12/04/95)
| Rev. B
| PAL
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Based on SCPH-3000 series.
|-
! SCPH-3000
| Original (Grey)
| 1.1 (01/22/95)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive.
|-
! SCPH-3500
| Original (Grey)
| 2.1 (07/17/95)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-5000
| Original (Grey)
| 2.2 (12/04/95)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| CD-ROM drive re-located on right side of CD bay. A/V direct out and RFU power connector removed. Model numbers synchronized worldwide.
|-
! SCPH-5001
| Original (Grey)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-U/C
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-5002
| Original (Grey)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-5003
| Original (Grey)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-5500
| Original (Grey)
| 3.0 (09/09/96)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-5501
| Original (Grey)
| 3.0 (11/18/96)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-U/C
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-5502
| Original (Grey)
| 3.0 (01/06/97)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-5503
| Original (Grey)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-5552
| Original (Grey)
| 3.0 (01/06/97)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| A very rare [[Men in Black (film)|Men in Black]] promotional model exists with a black case and the film's logo on the CD lid.
|-
! SCPH-5903
| Original (White)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Only model capable of playing [[Video CD]] movies.
|-
! SCPH-7000
| Original (Grey)
| 4.0 (08/18/97)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| [[DualShock]] now standard. Introduction of Sound Scope. Available in midnight blue as promotional item to celebrate the 10 millionth PlayStation sold.
|-
! SCPH-7001
| Original (Grey)
| 4.1 (12/16/97)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-U/C
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| DualShock now standard. Introduction of Sound Scope. Available in midnight blue as promotional item to celebrate the 10 millionth PlayStation sold.
|-
! SCPH-7002
| Original (Grey)
| 4.1 (12/16/97)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| DualShock now standard. Available in midnight blue as promotional item to celebrate the 10 millionth PlayStation sold.
|-
! SCPH-7003
| Original (Grey)
| 3.0 (11/18/96)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-7500
| Original (Grey)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-7501
| Original (Grey)
| 4.1 (12/16/97)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-U/C
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-7502
| Original (Grey)
| 4.1 (12/16/97)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-7503
| Original (Grey)
| 4.1 (12/16/97)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| No
|
|-
! SCPH-9000
| Original (Grey)
| 4.0 (08/18/97)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| High quality CD-ROM drive. Introduction of Sound Scope. Parallel port removed.
|-
! SCPH-9001
| Original (Grey)
| 4.1 (12/16/97)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-U/C
| No
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| High quality CD-ROM drive. Parallel port removed.
|-
! SCPH-9002
| Original (Grey)
| 4.1 (12/16/97)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| No
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| High quality CD-ROM drive. Parallel port removed.
|-
! SCPH-9003
| Original (Grey)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| No
| Yes
| Yes
| High quality CD-ROM drive. Parallel port removed.
|-
! SCPH-100
| PS one (White)
| 4.3 (03/11/00)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| No
| No
| Yes
| Redesigned smaller case. Controller and memory card ports integrated onto motherboard. Serial port removed. Has external power supply.
|-
! SCPH-101
| PS one (White)
| 4.5 (05/25/00)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-U/C
| No
| No
| No
| Yes
| Redesigned smaller case. Controller and memory card ports integrated onto motherboard. Serial port removed. Has external power supply.
|-
! SCPH-102
| PS one (White)
| 4.4 (03/24/00)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| No
| No
| No
| Yes
| Redesigned smaller case. Controller and memory card ports integrated onto motherboard. Serial port removed. Has external power supply.
|-
! SCPH-102
| PS one (White)
| 4.5 (05/25/00)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| No
| No
| No
| Yes
| Redesigned smaller case. Controller and memory card ports integrated onto motherboard. Serial port removed. Has external power supply.
|-
! SCPH-103
| PS one (White)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| No
| No
| No
| Yes
| Redesigned smaller case. Controller and memory card ports integrated onto motherboard. Serial port removed. Has external power supply.
|-
|}
===Specialty models===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%;"
|-
! Model:!! Case:!! BIOS:!! Hardware:!! Region:!! A/V Direct Out:!! Parallel Port:!! Serial Port:!! Sound Scope:!! Notes:
|-
! DTL-H1000
| Original (Blue)
| Unknown (09/22/94)
| Rev. A
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. S-Video direct out. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and [[CD-R]] copies.
|-
! DTL-H1000H
| Original (Grey)
| 1.1 (01/22/95)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and [[CD-R]] copies.
|-
! DTL-H1001
| Original (Blue)
| 2.0 (05/07/95)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-U/C
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies.
|-
! DTL-H1001H
| Original (Grey)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-U/C
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies.
|-
! DTL-H1002
| Original (Blue)
| 2.0 (05/10/95)
| Rev. B
| PAL
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies.
|-
!DTL-H1100
| Original (Blue)
| 2.2 (03/06/96)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies. Has external power supply.
|-
! DTL-H1101
| Original (Blue)
| 2.1 (07/17/95)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-U/C
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies. Has external power supply.
|-
! DTL-H1102
| Original (Blue)
| 2.1 (07/17/95)
| Rev. B
| PAL
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies. Has external power supply.
|-
! DTL-H1200
| Original (Green)
| 2.2 (12/04/95)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. [[Debugger]]. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies. Will not display PAL video mode.
|-
! DTL-H1201
| Original (Green)
| 2.2 (12/04/95)
| Rev. C
| NTSC-U/C
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies. Will not display PAL video mode.
|-
! DTL-H1202
| Original (Green)
| 2.2 (12/04/95)
| Rev. C
| PAL
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Debugger. Can boot games from any region and CD-R copies. Will not display NTSC video mode.
|-
! DTL-H3000
| Original (Black)
| Unknown (Unknown)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-J
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. [[Net Yaroze]] hobbyist development system. Can boot games from any region but not CD-R copies.
|-
! DTL-H3001
| Original (Black)
| 2.2 (12/04/95)
| Rev. B
| NTSC-U/C
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Net Yaroze hobbyist development system. Can boot games from any region but not CD-R copies.
|-
! DTL-H3002
| Original (Black)
| 2.2 (12/04/95)
| Rev. B
| PAL
| Yes
| Yes
| Yes
| No
| Low quality CD-ROM drive. Net Yaroze hobbyist development system. Can boot games from any region but not CD-R copies.
|-
|}
<!-- Unsourced Image: [[Image:Pal BIOS.png|frame|Pal (Europe) BIOS for Playstation]] -->
<!-- Unsourced Image: [[Image:NTSC BIOS.png|frame|NTSC (US/Japan) BIOS for Playstation]] -->
<!-- Unsourced Image: [[Image:PSone BIOS.png|frame|Pal/NTSC BIOS for PS one]] -->
==Successors==
[[Image:SCPH-30000 vertical.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[PlayStation 2]]]]
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:061115 playstation3 vlg 1p.widec.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[PlayStation 3]]]] -->
[[Sony Computer Entertainment|Sony's]] successor to the PlayStation is the [[PlayStation 2]], which is [[backward compatible]] with its predecessor in that it can play almost every PlayStation game. This was done by embedding the most important parts of the PS one inside the PlayStation 2 design. Unlike emulators that run on a PC, the PlayStation 2 actually contains the original PlayStation processor, allowing games to run exactly as they do on the PlayStation. For PlayStation 2 games this processor, called the IOP, is used for input and output ([[memory card]]s, [[DVD]] drive, network, and hard drive). Like its predecessor, the PlayStation 2 is based on hardware developed by Sony themselves.
The third generation of the PlayStation is known as the [[PlayStation 3]], or PS3, and was launched on [[November 11]] [[2006]] in Japan, [[November 17]] [[2006]] in North America, and [[March 23]] [[2007]] in Europe. The PlayStation 3 is backward compatible with nearly all games that were originally made for PlayStation 1. In [[PAL]] territories and later shipments in [[North America]] and [[Japan]], however, the PlayStation 3 lacks some of the backwards compatibility hardware and so supports significantly fewer PlayStation 2 games. However, the list of compatible games is being increased via [[software emulation]]. PS3 games will not be region-locked, but PlayStation 1 and 2 games still only play on a PS3 console from the same territory.
The [[PlayStation Portable]] (officially PSP) is a [[handheld game console]] first released in late 2004. Despite the name, it is not compatible with PlayStation games; it only runs games developed specifically for the PSP on the [[Universal Media Disc|UMD]] format. Nevertheless, at the PlayStation Briefing conference on [[March 15]], [[2006]] in Japan, Sony revealed plans for PlayStation 1 games to be downloaded and playable on the PSP through emulation. Sony hopes to release nearly all PlayStation 1 games on a gradual basis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Sony Outlines PSP Future | publisher = IGN.com | last = Gantayat| first = Anoop | url = http://uk.psp.ign.com/articles/696/696079p1.html | date = 2006-03-15 | accessdate = 2007-07-10 }}</ref>
==Legacy==
The success of the PlayStation is widely believed to have influenced the demise of the cartridge-based home console. While not the first system to utilize an optical disc format, it was the first success story, and ended up going head-to-head with the last major home console to rely on proprietary cartridges—the [[Nintendo 64]].
Nintendo was very public about its skepticism toward using CDs and DVDs to store games, citing longer load times and durability issues. It was widely speculated that the company was even more concerned with copyright infringement, given its substantial reliance on [[licensing]] and exclusive titles for its revenue.
The increasing complexity of games (in content, graphics, and sound) pushed cartridges to their storage limits and this fact began to turn off third party developers. Also, CDs were appealing to publishers due to the fact that they could be produced at a significantly lower cost and offered more flexibility (it was easy to change production to meet demand). In turn, they were able to pass the lower costs onto consumers. One major industry disadvantage of CDs was illegal copying due to the advent of CD burners and mod chips. However, this ironically became a selling point of the PlayStation. The PlayStation's production was discontinued on [[March 23]] [[2006]].<ref name="stops"/>
{{Cleanup-restructure|date=December 2006}}
==Advertisement controversy==
To celebrate the ten-year anniversary of the PlayStation in 2005, Sony [[Italy]] released an [[advertisement]] portraying a young man wearing a crown of thorns (the thorns being made of [[Image:PlayStationTriangle.svg|Triangle]], [[Image:PlayStationSquare.svg|Square|{{deletable image-caption|1=Sunday, 21 October 2007}}]], [[Image:PlayStationCircle.svg|Circle]] and [[Image:PlayStationX.svg|X]] symbols, the labels on the buttons of PlayStation [[controller]]s), on his head. The ad was captioned with "Dieci anni di passione" (in English, this translates to "Ten years of passion"). The ad, assumed to be a takeoff of [[Mel Gibson]]'s 2004 movie ''[[The Passion of the Christ]]'', was met with outrage from [[Holy See|the Vatican]]. Sony apologized and removed the advertisement. <ref>[http://www.repubblica.it/2005/i/sezioni/scienza_e_tecnologia/pubbliplay/pubbliplay/pubbliplay.html] {{it icon}} [[La Repubblica]], Retrieved on [[2008]]-[[02-28]]</ref>
==Quality of construction==
The first batch of PlayStations used a KSM-440AAM [[laser]] unit whose case and all movable parts were completely made out of plastic. Over time, friction caused the plastic tray to wear out—usually unevenly. The placement of the laser unit close to the power supply accelerated wear because of the additional heat, which made the plastic even more vulnerable to friction. Eventually, the tray would become so worn that the laser no longer pointed directly at the CD and games would no longer load. Sony eventually fixed the problem by making the tray out of [[die-cast#Die casting|die-cast]] metal and placing the laser unit farther away from the power supply on later models of the PlayStation.
Some units, particularly the early 100x models, would be unable to play [[Full motion video|FMV]] or music correctly, resulting in skipping or freezing. In more extreme cases the PlayStation would only work correctly when used upside down.
==Technical specifications==
; Central processing unit
[[Image:PSX mainboard.jpg|thumb|An early PlayStation [[motherboard]]]]
[[MIPS architecture|MIPS]] R3000A-compatible (R3051) 32bit [[RISC]] chip running at 33.8688 [[MHz]]
The chip is manufactured by [[LSI Logic Corp.]] with technology licensed from [[Silicon Graphics|SGI]]. The chip also contains the '''Geometry Transformation Engine''' and the '''Data Decompression Engine'''.
Features:
* Operating performance of 30 [[million instructions per second|MIPS]]
* Bus [[Bandwidth (computing)|bandwidth]] 132 [[MB/s]]
* Instruction Cache 4 [[Kilobyte|KB]]
* [[Data Cache]] 1 KB (non associative, just 1024 bytes of mapped fast [[Static Random Access Memory|SRAM]])
; Geometry transformation engine
This engine is inside the main [[central processing unit|CPU]] chip. It gives it additional (vector-)math instructions used for the [[3D graphics]].
Features:
* Operating performance of 66 [[million instructions per second|MIPS]]
* 360,000 flat-shaded [[polygons]] per second
* 180,000 texture mapped and light-sourced polygons per second
[[Sony]] originally gave the polygon count as:
* 1 million flat-shaded [[polygons]] per second;
* 500,000 texture mapped and light-sourced polygons per second.
These figures were given as a ballpark figure for performance under optimal circumstances, and so are unrealistic under normal usage.
; Data decompression engine
This engine is also inside the main CPU. It is responsible for decompressing images and video. Documented device mode is to read three [[run-length encoding|RLE]]-encoded 16×16 macroblocks, run [[IDCT]] and assemble a single 16×16 [[RGB]] macroblock. Output data may be transferred directly to GPU via [[Direct memory access|DMA]]. It is possible to overwrite [[IDCT]] matrix and some additional parameters, however MDEC internal instruction set was never documented.
Features:
* Compatible with [[MJPEG]] and [[H.261]] files
* Operating Performance of 80 [[million instructions per second|MIPS]]
* Directly connected to CPU Bus
; Graphics processing unit
This chip is separate to the CPU and handles all the 2D graphics processing, which includes the transformed 3D polygons.
Features:
* Maximum of 16.7 million colors
* Resolutions from 256×224 to 640×480
* Adjustable [[frame buffer]]
* Unlimited color lookup tables
* Maximum of 24-bit color depth
* Maximum of 4000 8×8 pixel [[sprite (computer science)|sprites]] with individual scaling and rotation
* Emulation of simultaneous backgrounds (for [[parallax scrolling]])
* [[flat shading|Flat]] or [[Gouraud shading]], and [[texture mapping]]
; Sound processing unit
Features:
* Can handle [[ADPCM]] sources with up to 24 channels and up to 44.1 [[kilohertz|kHz]] [[sampling rate]]
; Memory
* Main [[Random Access Memory|RAM]]: 2 [[Megabytes|MB]]
* Video RAM: 1 MB
* Sound RAM: 512 [[Kilobytes|KB]]
* [[CD-ROM]] Buffer: 32 KB
* Operating System [[Read Only Memory|ROM]]: 512 KB
* PlayStation [[Memory Cards]] have 128 KB of space in an [[EEPROM]]
; CD-ROM drive
Features:
* 2x, with a maximum data throughput of 300 kB/s
* XA Mode 2 Compliant
* [[CD-DA]] (CD-Digital Audio)
==References==
{{reflist}}
==See also==
{{Portal|Sony PlayStation}}
* [[PlayStation Demo Discs]]
* [[PlayStation Sound Format]]
* [[Runix]]
==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.us.playstation.com/ PlayStation Home]
* [http://www.playstation.ca/ Canadian PlayStation Website Home]
* [http://www.playstation.com/products.html SCEA PlayStation Products Home]
* {{dmoz|Games/Video_Games/Console_Platforms/Sony/PlayStation|{{pagename}}}}
{{PlayStation}}
{{Sony Corp}}
{{dedicated video game consoles}}
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