Political parties in New Zealand
340039
223868423
2008-07-06T06:44:45Z
IdiotSavant
1027977
/* Unregistered parties */ - rm Socialist Worker - does not run candidates in general elections
{{Politics of New Zealand}}
[[New Zealand]] national politics feature a pervasive [[party system]]. Usually, all [[Member of Parliament|members of Parliament]]'s unicameral [[New Zealand House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] belong to a [[political party]]. Independent MPs occur relatively rarely. While two primary parties do indeed dominate the political landscape, the country now more closely resembles a [[multi-party system|multi-party state]], where smaller groups can reasonably expect to play a role in government. As of 2008, ten parties have representatives in Parliament.
==History==
Political parties in New Zealand evolved towards the end of the [[19th century|nineteenth century]] out of interest groups and personal cliques. Most historians regard the [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]], which began its rule in 1891, as the first real party in New Zealand politics. During the long period of Liberal Party control the party's more conservative opponents founded the [[New Zealand Reform Party|Reform Party]], forming the original duopoly in the New Zealand parliament.
Gradually, Liberal and Reform found themselves working together more often, mostly in opposition to the growing [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]]. After Labour eventually won office in 1935, the Liberals and Reform came together to form the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]]. Labour and National currently exist as the two main parties of New Zealand politics.
Over the years, a number of "[[Third party (politics)|third parties]]" or so-called "minor parties" developed, notably the [[Social Credit Party (New Zealand)|Social Credit Party]], the [[New Zealand Party]], the [[Values Party]], and the [[Alliance (New Zealand political party)|Alliance]]. However, the "first past the post" electoral system meant that no matter how many votes a party gained nation-wide, it could not win a seat without a plurality in a particular electorate (voting district). Under such conditions, these parties mostly performed poorly in terms of making an impact in Parliament.
With the introduction of the [[Mixed Member Proportional]] (MMP) [[Electoral system of New Zealand|electoral system]] for the 1996 elections, however, it became much easier for smaller parties to enter parliament; but more difficult to gain election as a non-party independent. Since the change to MMP, about one third of the seats in Parliament have been held by MPs representing parties other than Labour and National. In the years before MMP, by contrast, there were sometimes no such MPs at all.
==Registration of parties==
Political parties in New Zealand can be either registered or unregistered. Registered parties must have five-hundred paying members, each eligible to vote in [[general election]]s.
If a party registers, it may submit a party list, enabling it to receive party votes in New Zealand's MMP electoral system. Unregistered parties may still nominate candidates for individual electorates, however.
Registered political parties are also able to spend up to [[NZ$|$]]1 million during the campaign for the party vote. All political parties are able to spend [[NZ$|$]]20,000 for electorate seats.
==Parties currently in the [[New Zealand House of Representatives]]==
The order in which political parties appear in this list corresponds to the number of MPs they [[as of 2006|currently]] have. Note, political parties within the House declare their existence to the [[Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives|Speaker]], and do not need to be registered outside of the House.
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|-----
!Party
!Leader(s)
!Description
!Seats
|----- bgcolor=#FFE8E8
|width=18%|[[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]]
|width=18%|[[Helen Clark]]
|width=60%|A [[centre-left]], socially [[progressivism|progressive]] party. Currently the largest party in Parliament, it dominates the governing coalition. Its leader serves as the current [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Minister]], having been appointed in 1999.
|width=4% align=center|49
|----- bgcolor=#DDEEFF
|[[New Zealand National Party|National Party]]
|[[John Key]]
|A [[centre-right]], socially [[Conservatism|conservative]] party. The second largest party in Parliament, it has traditionally been Labour's main opponent. It supports a [[free market]] economy, lower [[tax]]ation, and less legislative interference.
|align=center|48
|----- bgcolor=#DDDDDD
|[[New Zealand First]]
|[[Winston Peters]]
|A [[centrist]], [[populism|populist]], and [[nationalism|nationalist]] party. Its primary goals are reducing [[immigration]], reducing [[Treaty of Waitangi]] payments, increasing sentences for crime, and buying back former state assets. Whilst claiming to not be part of the current government, the party's leader serves as the NZ [[Foreign Minister]] thanks to a confidence and supply agreement with the Government.
|align=center|7
|----- bgcolor=#CCFFCC
|[[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]]
|[[Jeanette Fitzsimons]] and [[Russel Norman]]
|A [[left-wing]] [[environmentalism|environmentalist]] party. In recent times, its most notable campaign has denounced [[genetic engineering]], and heavily favoured a [[carbon tax]] (which has since been rejected). It also promotes highly [[progressivism|progressive]] social policies. In an agreement with the government to abstain on votes of Confidence and Supply.
|align=center|6
|----- bgcolor=#EED8D2
|[[Māori Party]]
|[[Tariana Turia]]<br> and [[Pita Sharples]]
|A party based around New Zealand's indigenous [[Māori]] minority. It crystallised in 2004 around [[Tariana Turia]], a former minister of the Labour Party. It promotes what it sees as the rights and interests of Māori.
|align=center|4
|----- bgcolor=#F9D9F9
|[[United Future New Zealand|United Future]]
|[[Peter Dunne]]
|A moderately [[centre-right]] party formerly with a strong [[Christian]] background: it describes itself as based around "[[common sense]]". It has a particular focus on policies concerning the [[family]] and social issues. Has a confidence and supply arrangement with the government.
|align=center|2
|----- bgcolor=#DDFFFF
|[[ACT New Zealand|ACT]]
|[[Rodney Hide]]
|A [[classical liberalism|classically liberal]] party that promotes [[free market]] economics, low [[tax]]ation, reduced government expenditure, and increased punishments for crime. It sees itself as promoting accountability and transparency in government.
|align=center|2
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[The Kiwi Party|Kiwi Party]]
|[[Larry Baldock]]
|A revival of the [[Christian Democrat Party (New Zealand)|Christian Democrats]] / [[Future New Zealand]] brand. The party advocates more direct democracy through referendums and a return to the "Judeo-Christian ethic in democracy".
|align=center|1
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Pacific Party|Pacific Party]]
|[[Taito Phillip Field]]
|A small party aimed at advancing Pacific Peoples, as well as Christian and family values and social justice.
|align=center|1
|----- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Progressive Party|Progressive Party]]
|[[Jim Anderton]]
|A [[left-wing]] party with one elected MP, with a recent focus on job creation and regional development. It forms the junior partner in Labour's coalition government, with its leader serving as a [[cabinet minister]].
|align=center|1
|}
==Registered parties outside of Parliament==
Parties listed in alphabetical order:
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|-----
!Party
!Leader
!Description
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Alliance (New Zealand political party)|Alliance]]
|[[Victor Billot]] and<br>[[Kay Murray]]
|A [[left-wing]] party supporting the [[welfare state]], free education, [[environmentalism|environmental protection]], and [[Māori]] interests. The Progressive Party (see above) formed as a splinter-group from the Alliance when Jim Anderton, former Alliance leader, left.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Democratic Party|Democratic Party]]
|[[Stephnie de Ruyter]]
|A party based around the idea of [[Social Credit]]. The party formerly formed part of the Alliance (see above), and prior to that, as the [[Social Credit Party (New Zealand)|Social Credit Party]], was one of the older surviving parties in New Zealand.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Direct Democracy Party of New Zealand|Direct Democracy Party]]
|[[Kelvyn Alp]]
|A party which seeks to increase the participation of ordinary citizens in the political process. It advocates a system of referendums similar to that used by [[Switzerland]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Family Party]]
|[[Richard Lewis]]
|A small Christian party established by the former [[Destiny New Zealand]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party|Legalise Cannabis Party]]
|[[Michael Appleby (New Zealand)|Michael Appleby]]
|A party which (as its name suggests) supports the legalisation of [[cannabis]]. This remains the core of its platform, although it also comments on other issues that it considers related.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Libertarianz]]
|[[Bernard Darnton]]
|A [[libertarianism|libertarian]] party dedicated to [[laissez-faire]] [[capitalism]] and keeping [[government]] as small as possible.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New World Order Party]]
|Unknown
|A new party registered in May 2008.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[The Republic of New Zealand Party]]
|[[Kerry Bevin]]
|A party focused on establishing a [[Republicanism in New Zealand|Republic in New Zealand]]. It also supports the adoption of a written constitution, the holding of referendums on major issues, and the abolition of race-specific government institutions.
|}
==Unregistered parties==
Parties listed in alphabetical order:
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|-----
!Party
!Leader
!Description
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Bill and Ben Party]]
|Unknown
|A new party currently seeking registration.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Communist League (New Zealand)|Communist League]]
|Unknown
|A communist party aligned with the [[Pathfinder tendency]]. The party was originally called the Socialist Action League, but changed its name when it rejected [[Trotskyism]] and adopted a pro-[[Cuba]] stance. The party stands a small number of candidates in general elections.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Freedom Party (New Zealand)|Freedom Party]]
|[[Gareth Turner]]<br>and [[Paul King (New Zealand)|Paul King]]
|A party established by two former members of [[ACT New Zealand]]. Its policies are intended to be similar to those of ACT, but the party's founders say that the Freedom Party will be more democratic and accountable to its members.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[icount]]
|Unknown
|A party advocating greater responsiveness to the public through ongoing polling of its members.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Kotahitanga Te Manamotu Hake Tiriti o Waitangi Party]]
| Unknown
|
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Liberal Party (2008)|New Zealand Liberals]]
|[[Jonathan Lee (New Zealand)|Jonathan Lee]]
|A small party modelled on the old [[New Zealand Liberal Party]] and the UK Liberal Democrats. It advocates constitutional reform, republicanism, and civil rights.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Nationalist Alliance (New Zealand)|Nationalist Alliance]]
|Unknown
|A [[far right]] party formed from several [[Neo-Nazi]] groups to contest the 2008 election.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[No Commercial Airport at Whenuapai Airbase Party]]
|Unknown
|A local party which has grown out of the movement opposing a commercial airport at Auckland's [[Whenuapai]] airbase.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Outdoor Recreation New Zealand|Outdoor Recreation NZ]]
|[[Paul Check]]
|A party dedicated to promoting the interests of the hunting, fishing, and shooting communities. Outdoor Recreation New Zealand contested the [[New Zealand general election 2005|2005 election]] under the banner of the [[United Future New Zealand|United Future]] party, although the parties did not actually merge. This working arrangement has now ended after it was met with disappointing results.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[People's Choice Party (New Zealand)|People's Choice Party]]
|[[Rusty Kane]]
|A small party which was registered for the 1999 elections, but which is currently unregistered. It campaigned against MMP and in favour of reducing the size of Parliament. It remains active as a [[ginger group]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Residents Action Movement]]
|[[Grant Morgan]]
|A left-wing party aiming to bring together social liberals, community activists, social democrats and left-wing radicals. Previously active in Auckland local-body politics, it is currently in the process of registration.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[South Island Party (2008)|South Island Party]]
| [[Richard Prosser]]
|A [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalist]] party supporting [[South Island Independence]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|width=22%|[[Workers Party of New Zealand]]
|width=18%|[[Daphna Whitmore]]
|width=60%|Formerly known as the Anti-Capitalist Alliance. A coalition of socialists and anti-globalisation activists. It supports increased rights to [[strike action|strike]] for workers, a shorter working week, a guaranteed living wage, open borders, and an end to any New Zealand involvement in Western military alliances.
|}
==Historical parties==
===Parties which held seats===
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|-----
!Party
!Existed
!In Parliament
!Description
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|width=20%|[[Christian Democrat Party (New Zealand)|Christian Democrats]]
|width=10% align=center |1995 - 1998
|width=10% align=center |1995 - 1996
|width=60%|A [[Christianity|Christian]] party established by sitting National MP [[Graeme Lee]]. After briefly establishing the Christian Coalition (see above) with the [[Christian Heritage New Zealand|Christian Heritage Party]], the Christian Democrats secularised themselves, adopting the name "[[Future New Zealand]]". Future New Zealand merged with United (see below) to form [[United Future New Zealand]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Christian Heritage New Zealand|Christian Heritage NZ]]
| align=center |1990 - 2006
| align=center |1999
|A party based around [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Conservatism|conservative]] values. It supported policies to strengthen [[marriage]] and opposed [[abortion]] and [[same-sex marriage|same-sex unions]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Country Party (New Zealand)|Country Party]]
| align=center |? - ?
| align=center |1928 - 1938
|A party established by members of the Farmers' Union to promote the interests of the rural sector. It reflected to an extent [[social credit]] monetary theory, and believed that farmers were not treated fairly by banks and the corporate world.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Democratic Labour Party (New Zealand)|Democratic Labour Party]]
| align=center |1940 - 1943
| align=center |1940 - 1943
|A splinter from the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] led by dissident MP [[John A. Lee]]. Lee, a [[socialism|socialist]] and [[social credit]]ist, believed that the Labour Party had moved too far from its left-wing roots. The Labour Party hierarchy had expelled him after he repeatedly criticised its leadership.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Future New Zealand (Dunne)|Future New Zealand]]
| align=center |1994 - 1995
| align=center |1994 - 1995
|A short-lived party established by [[Peter Dunne]] after he left the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]]. It integrated into the [[United New Zealand]] party. Not to be confused with a later party [[Future New Zealand|of the same name]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Independent Political Labour League]]
| align=center |1905 - 1910
| align=center |1908 - 1910
|A small and short-lived left-wing party. It was the second organised party to win a seat in Parliament, with [[David McLaren]] winning the seat of Wellington East. In Parliament, the IPLL co-operated with the governing [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Labour Party (original)|Labour Party]] (original)
| align=center |1910 - 1912
| align=center |1910 - 1912
|A short-lived successor to the [[Independent Political Labour League]]. It functioned as one of the more moderate workers' parties, opposing more radical groups like the [[Socialist Party of New Zealand|Socialist Party]]. It should not be confused with the [[New Zealand Labour Party|modern Labour Party]], although a certain degree of continuity links the two.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]]
| align=center |1891 - 1927
| align=center |1891 - 1927
|New Zealand's first real political party. It provided the country with a number of prominent Prime Ministers, including [[John Ballance]] and [[Richard Seddon]]. With much of its traditional support undercut by the growing [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]], the remnants of the Liberals (known as the [[United Party (New Zealand)|United Party]]) eventually merged with the [[New Zealand Reform Party|Reform Party]] to form the modern [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Liberal Party (1992)|Liberal Party]]
| align=center |1992 - 1996?
| align=center |1992
|A short-lived splinter from the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]], formed by [[Hamish McIntyre]] and [[Gilbert Myles]], two dissident National MPs who disagreed with the economic policies of [[Ruth Richardson]]. The Liberal Party quickly joined the [[Alliance (New Zealand political party)|Alliance]], which the two saw as the principal opponent of Richardson and her ideological allies.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata]]
| align=center |1998 - 2001
| align=center |1998 - 1999
|A short-lived Māori feminist party established by Alliance (Mana Motuhake) defector [[Alamein Kopu]]. The party contested only one general election before vanishing.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Mauri Pacific]]
| align=center |1999 - 2001
| align=center |1999
|A party established by several [[New Zealand First]] MPs shortly after a coalition between New Zealand First and the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]] broke down. Mauri Pacific remained allied to the National government, giving it crucial support, but none of the party's MPs gained re-election in the [[New Zealand general election 1999|1999 elections]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[NewLabour Party (New Zealand)|NewLabour Party]]
| align=center |1989 - 1991
| align=center |1989 - 1991
|A left-wing party established by former [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] MP [[Jim Anderton]]. It contested one election before joining with several other parties to establish the [[Alliance (New Zealand political party)|Alliance]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Reform Party|Reform Party]]
| align=center |1909 - 1936
| align=center |1909 - 1936
|New Zealand's second major political party, established as a more conservative opponent to the [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]]. Its founder, [[William Massey]], became its most prominent leader. It eventually merged with its former rivals, the Liberals, to form the modern [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Social Credit Party (New Zealand)|Social Credit Party]]
| align=center |1953 - 1986
| align=center |1966 - 1969<br>1979 - 1987
|New Zealand's "third party" between the 1960s and the 1980s. The Social Credit Party espoused the theory of [[social credit]], a type of [[monetary reform]], although much of its support represented protest votes rather than support of its policies. It has since renamed itself, becoming the [[New Zealand Democratic Party|Democratic Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)|Social Democratic Party]]
| align=center |1913 - 1916
| align=center |1913 - 1916
|An early left-wing party established at a "Unity Congress" in July 1913 as an attempt to bring together the various labour groups of the time. The party eventually amalgamated with the modern [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Socialist Party|Socialist Party]] (i)
| align=center |1901 - 1913
| align=center |? - 1913
|One of the more prominent [[Marxism|Marxist]] parties in early New Zealand, strongly associated with the [[New Zealand Federation of Labour|Federation of Labour]] (the "Red Fed"). It eventually merged with the more moderate [[United Labour Party (New Zealand)|United Labour Party]] to form the [[Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)|Social Democratic Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[United New Zealand]]
| align=center |1995 - 2000
| align=center |1995 - 2000
|A centrist party established by moderate MPs from both National and Labour. The party did not achieve electoral success, with only one of the seven founding MPs managing to remain in parliament. United later merged with the [[Future New Zealand]] party to form the modern [[United Future New Zealand]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[United Labour Party (New Zealand)|United Labour Party]]
| align=center |1912 - 1913
| align=center |1912 - 1913
|A reformed continuation of the [[New Zealand Labour Party (original)|original Labour Party]]. The party existed only a short time before merging with the [[Socialist Party of New Zealand|Socialist Party]] to form the [[Social Democratic Party (New Zealand)|Social Democratic Party]], although a faction rejected the new SDP as too extreme and attempted to continue on under the United Labour Party banner.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[United Party (New Zealand)|United Party]]
| align=center |1927 - 1936
| align=center |1927 - 1936
|A party formed from the remnants of the [[New Zealand Liberal Party|Liberal Party]]. United governed between 1928 and 1935, initially with [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour]] support and later in coalition with the [[New Zealand Reform Party|Reform Party]]. It eventually merged with Reform to establish the modern [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]].
|}
===Parties which never held seats===
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|-----
!Party
!Existed
!Description
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|width=20%|[[99 MP Party]]
|width=10%|2005 - 2006
|width=70%|A party primarily focused on reducing the total number of MPs from 120 to 99. It also believed that all constitutional changes should be put to a referendum.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|width=20%|[[Asia Pacific United Party]]
|width=10% align=center |? - ?
|width=70%|A party which attempted to gain support from [[Asia]]n and [[Pacific Islander]] immigrants. It contested the 1996 and 1999 elections, but has since dissolved.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Christian Coalition (New Zealand)|Christian Coalition]]
|1996 - 1997
|A brief alliance of the [[Christian Democrat Party (New Zealand)|Christian Democrats]] and the [[Christian Heritage New Zealand|Christian Heritage Party]]. It narrowly missed entering parliament in the [[New Zealand general election 1996|1996 election]], and disbanded shortly afterwards.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Communist Party of New Zealand|Communist Party]]
| align=center |1929 - 1994
|Probably New Zealand's most prominent and long-lived communist organisation. The party generally pursued hard-line doctrines, successively following [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]'s [[Soviet Union]], [[Mao Zedong]]'s [[China]], and [[Enver Hoxha]]'s [[Albania]]. In 1993, the party moderated its stance, adopting [[Trotskyism]]. It later merged with another party to form the group now known as [[Socialist Worker (Aotearoa)|Socialist Worker]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Co-operative Party|Co-operative Party]]
| align=center |1942 - ?
|A short-lived party established by [[Albert Davy]], a prominent anti-socialist political organiser. It was primarily a breakaway from the larger [[People's Movement (New Zealand)|People's Movement]], and Davy rejoined the Movement the year after the Co-operative Party was established.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Democrat Party|Democrat Party]]
| align=center |1934 - ?
|A party established to promote the interests of the commercial sector and to oppose "socialist" legislation. The party contested the [[New Zealand general election 1935|1935 elections]], but failed to win any seats. Ironically, the votes which the Democrats took from the governing coalition may have assisted the victory of the left-wing [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] that year. The Democrat Party should not be confused with the modern [[New Zealand Democratic Party|Democratic Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Destiny New Zealand]]
| align=center |2003 - 2007
|A party based around the [[Destiny Church]], a [[Christianity|Christian]] religious organisation. The party mostly campaigned on a [[family values]] platform, and strongly opposed legislative changes such as the creation of same-sex [[civil union]]s and the legalisation of prostitution.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Equal Values Party]]
|align=center | 2005 - ?
|A left-wing party active during the 2005 election. It supported free education and healthcare, an increase to [[social welfare]] benefits, and the establishment of compulsory [[superannuation]] schemes.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Ethnic Minority Party of New Zealand|Ethnic Minority Party]]
| align=center |1996 - 1997
|A party focused around New Zealand's immigrant community, particularly [[China|Chinese]] and [[India]]ns. The popularity of [[New Zealand First]], a party which opposed immigration, was a significant factor in its creation. It merged into [[United New Zealand]], but little trace of it remains today.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Family Rights Protection Party|Family Rights Protection Party]]
|align=center |2005 - 2007
|A party established by a group of [[Pacific Islander]]s who claim that larger parties are taking the support of Pacific Islanders for granted, and do not do enough to help them.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Fascist Union|Fascist Union]]
| align=center |1997 - ?
|A party founded by Colin King-Ansell, a notable far-right activist in New Zealand. The party claimed to model itself on the governments of [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini's]] [[Italy]] and [[Juan Perón|Perón's]] [[Argentina]], rather than on [[Nazi Germany]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Future New Zealand]]
| align=center |1998 - 2002
|A reconfiguration of the former [[Christian Democrat Party (New Zealand)|Christian Democrat Party]]. Future New Zealand retained the same [[family values]] principles as the Christian Democrats, but abandoned the explicit religious basis. Future New Zealand merged with [[United New Zealand]] to form the modern [[United Future New Zealand]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Green Society]]
| align=center |? - ?
|A small [[environmentalism|environmentalist]] party. The Green Society believed that a true green party needed to be focused solely on the environment, and believed that the [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]] (then part of the [[Alliance (New Zealand political party)|Alliance]]) and the [[Progressive Green Party (New Zealand)|Progressive Green Party]] were both mistaken to take sides in economic and social debates.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Imperial British Conservative Party]]
| align=center |1974 - ?
|A [[joke party]] founded by Ian Brackenbury Channell, better known as "[[Wizard of New Zealand|The Wizard of New Zealand]]". True to its name, it claimed to support [[imperialism]], [[United Kingdom|British people]], and [[conservatism]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Liberal Party (1963)|Liberal Party]]
| align=center |? - ?
|A party which campaigned in the [[New Zealand general election 1963|1963 elections]] on a platform of reducing the size of the government, introducing a written [[constitution]], and restoring the upper house of Parliament.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Mana Māori Movement]]
| align=center |1993 - 2005?
|A party based around New Zealand's indigenous [[Māori]] inhabitants, founded by [[Eva Rickard]], a prominent Māori activist and a former [[Mana Motuhake]] candidate.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Mana Motuhake]]
| align=center |1979? - 2005?
|The most prominent [[Māori]]-based party until the creation of the modern [[Māori Party]]. Mana Motuhake held a number of seats as part of the Alliance (see above), but most of its support has now been incorporated into the Māori Party.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[McGillicuddy Serious Party]]
| align=center |1984? - 1999
|A [[joke party]] intended to [[satire|satirise]] politics in general. Among other deliberately absurd policies it advocated the "Great Leap Backwards", a project to reverse the [[industrial revolution]] and to re-establish a medieval way of life.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand National Front|National Front]]
|align=center |1968? - 2008
|A [[far right]] party which wished to stop non-white immigration, reintroduce capital punishment and conscription, withdraw from international organisations such as the [[United Nations]], and nullify the [[Treaty of Waitangi]]. It is sometimes accused of being a [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] group, and although the party denies this it is openly racist.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[National Socialist Party of New Zealand|National Socialist Party]]
| align=center |1969 - ?
|A party founded by prominent far-right activist [[Colin King-Ansell]]. It is sometimes considered the first noteworthy far-right party in New Zealand.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Natural Law Party of New Zealand|Natural Law Party]]
| align=center |1995 - 2001?
|A party which based its principles on the concept of [[natural law]] as promoted by [[Maharishi Mahesh Yogi]] in his theory of [[Transcendental Meditation]]. It drew most of its support from the [[New Age]] movement.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Democratic Party (New Zealand)|New Democratic Party]]
| align=center |1972 - ?
|A short-lived splinter group of the [[Social Credit Party (New Zealand)|Social Credit Party]], founded by ousted Social Credit leader [[John O'Brien (politician)|John O'Brien]]. It placed fifth in the 1972 elections, but failed to win any seats.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Party]]
| align=center |1983 - 1986
|A party established by property [[tycoon]] [[Bob Jones (New Zealand)|Bob Jones]] to promote [[free market]] economic policies and liberal social policies. It gained twelve percent of the vote in its first election, but then vanished almost completely. Some regard the modern [[ACT New Zealand|ACT]] party as the New Zealand Party's ideological successor, but not everyone accepts this view.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[One New Zealand Party]]
|align=center |1999 - 2006
|A small party modelled on [[Pauline Hanson|Pauline Hanson's]] [[One Nation Party]] in Australia. It opposes all special policies towards Māori.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Patriot Party|Patriot Party]]
| align=center |? - 2005
|A small Auckland-based party established by [[Sid Wilson (New Zealand)|Sid Wilson]], a senior member of the [[New Zealand National Front|National Front]]. The party later merged back into the Front, with Wilson becoming the Front's new leader.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[People's Movement (New Zealand)|People's Movement]]
| align=center |1940s
|A right-wing organisation which supported reductions in the size of government and a reform of the party system. It was a strong supporter of [[individualism]], saying that the government of the time was advocating the subordination of the individual to the state.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Phoenix Party (New Zealand)|Phoenix Party]]
| align=center | 1960s - 1970s
|A small Dunedin-based grouping, founded by Gerald Williams, who saw the then [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] as moribund and in need of a [[Phoenix (mythology)|phoenix]]-like resurrection. Williams became an effective propagandist, penning campaign literature disguised as parodies of well-known songs. He later transferred his efforts to the [[Values Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Progressive Green Party (New Zealand)|Progressive Green Party]]
| align=center |1995 - ?
|An environmentalist party established in opposition to the generally left-wing policies of the larger [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand|Green Party]]. It contested only one election before vanishing, although many of its members became active in the [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Real Democracy Movement (New Zealand)|Real Democracy Movement]]
| align=center |1940s
|A party which supported the principles of [[Social Credit]], a theory of [[monetary reform]]. It failed to win any seats, but probably contributed to the later [[Social Credit Party (New Zealand)|Social Credit Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Republican Party (1967)|Republican Party]] (i)
| align=center |1967 - 1974?
|A party established to promote the creation of a [[Republicanism in New Zealand|New Zealand Republic]]. It was founded by left-wing activist [[Bruce Jesson]], and was the product of the [[New Zealand Republican Association|Republican Association]], an anti-royal protest group founded by Jesson in 1966.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[New Zealand Republican Party (1995)|Republican Party]] (ii)
| align=center |1995 - 2002?
|A party established to promote the creation of a [[Republicanism in New Zealand|New Zealand Republic]]. The party contested the [[New Zealand general election 1999|1999 elections]], but only won 250 votes. Should not be confused with the [[Republic Aotearoa New Zealand Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Socialist Party of New Zealand|Socialist Party]]
| align=center |1930 - ?
|A party established by former members of the [[New Zealand Marxian Association]], a [[Marxism|Marxist]] group. Its founders created it as an alternative to the mainstream labour movement, claiming that the [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] had moved too far from its left-wing roots. The Socialist Party eventually became the modern [[World Socialist Party of New Zealand|World Socialist Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Socialist Unity Party (New Zealand)|Socialist Unity Party]]
| align=center |1966 - ?
|A splinter group of the Communist Party (see above). It formed around Communist Party members who rejected their party's decision to take [[China]]'s side in the [[Sino-Soviet split]]. The Socialist Unity Party became one of the more prominent communist parties in New Zealand.
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[South Island Party]]
| ? - 2002
|A [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalist]] party which called for more autonomy for the [[South Island]], the less populous of New Zealand's two main islands. It drew support predominantly from [[Otago]] and [[Southland, New Zealand|Southland]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Te Tawharau]]
| align=center |1999 - 2007
|A [[Māori]] party which split off from the Mana Māori Movement. It lapsed with the formation of the [[Māori Party]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[United Political Party]]
| align=center |? - ?
|A small party established by [[Tania Harris]], known for leading a march in protest against [[labor union|trade unions]] and [[strike action]]. It eventually became part of a "centrist conservative" coalition led by [[Bruce Beetham]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[Values Party]]
| align=center |1972 - 1990
|Sometimes called the world's first national-level [[green party]]. Elements of the Values Party eventually contributed to the formation of the modern [[Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand]].
|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE
|[[WIN Party]]
| align=center |2004 - 2006
|A single-issue party devoted to overturning the recently introduced [[smoking ban]] in bars and restaurants.
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|[[Women's Independence Party]]
| align=center |1969 - ?
|A party established with the goal of "helping to make women realise the power of the vote". It focused most of its attention on the issues it saw as most important to women — the rising cost of living, women's healthcare, and women's rights in divorce. The party was based mainly in Auckland.
|}
==See also==
* [[Index of political parties]] to browse parties by name
* [[List of political parties]] to browse parties by country
* [[List of political parties by ideology]] to browse parties by name
* [[List of political parties by ideology#Trans-national world groupings and parties|membership of internationals]] to browse parties by membership of internationals
* [[Socialism in New Zealand]]
* [[Liberalism in New Zealand]]
==External links==
*[http://www.elections.org.nz/ Elections New Zealand] (more information on the election systems)
<br/>{{New Zealand political parties}}
{{Historic New Zealand political parties}}
{{New Zealand topics}}
{{Oceania topic|List of political parties in}}
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