Polydactyly 192413 223966499 2008-07-06T19:04:38Z Martarius 4905985 corrected Slipknot link {{Refimprove|date=June 2008}} {{otheruses4|the human congenital disorder (disease)|the paleontological application|Dactyly}} {{Infobox_Disease | Name = Polydactyly | Image = | Caption = | DiseasesDB = 24853 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|Q|69||q|65}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|755.0}} | ICDO = | OMIM = 603598 | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = derm | eMedicineTopic = 692 | MeshID = }} '''Polydactyly''' or '''polydactylism''' (from [[Ancient Greek language|Ancient Greek]] '''[[wikt:πολύς|πολύς]]''' (polus) "many" + '''δάκτυλος''' (daktulos) "finger"), also known as '''hyperdactyly''', is a [[congenital disorder|congenital physical anomaly]] consisting of [[supernumerary body part|supernumerary]] fingers or toes. When each hand or foot has six digits, it is sometimes called '''sexdactyly''', '''hexadactyly''', or '''hexadactylism'''. The extra digit is usually a small piece of soft tissue; occasionally it may contain bone without joints; rarely it may be a complete, functioning digit. The extra digit is most common on the [[ulna]]r (little finger) side of the hand, less common on the [[radius (bone)|radial]] ([[thumb]]) side, and very rarely within the middle three digits. The extra digit is most commonly an abnormal fork in an existing digit, or it may rarely originate at the wrist like a normal digit does. Polydactyly can occur by itself, or more commonly, as one feature of a [[syndrome]] of congenital anomalies. When it occurs by itself, it is associated with [[autosomal dominant]] mutations in single genes, i.e. it is not a [[multifactorial trait]].<ref>[http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/pq/poly.htm Polydactyly and Syndactyly]</ref> But mutation in a variety of genes can give rise to polydactyly. Typically the mutated gene is involved in developmental patterning, and a [[syndrome]] of congenital anomalies results, of which polydactyly is one feature. The condition has an incidence of 1 in every 500 live births<ref name="drgreene">[http://www.drgreene.com/21_182.html Polydactylism FAQ]</ref> although the frequency is higher in some groups (an example is the [[Amish]] in the [[United States]], due to the [[founder effect]]). [[Image:Polydactyly 01 Lfoot AP.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Left foot with postaxial polydactyly of 5th ray]] [[Image:Polydactyly 01 Rhand AP.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Right hand with mid-ray duplication]] == Types of polydactyly == * Polydactyly with [[cleft palate|cleft lip/palate]] and psycho motor retardation ([[Varadi-Papp Syndrome]]) * Polydactyly tiopia syndrome * Polydactyly post axial dental and vertebral * Polydactyly post axial with median cleft of upper lip * Polydactyly post axial * Polydactyly preaxial type 1 * Polydactyly syndrome middle ray duplication * Polydactyly visceral anomalies cleft lip palate {{Expand-section|date=May 2008}} ==Real polydactyls== * [[Hrithik Roshan]], a [[Bollywood]] actor born with a supernumerary thumb on his right hand.<ref>[http://www.bollyvista.com/homepages/hrithikroshan/factfile.php Hrithik Roshan Factfile]</ref> * [[Antonio Alfonseca]], a [[Major League Baseball]] [[pitcher]] * It is commonly believed that [[Anne Boleyn]], second wife of [[Henry VIII]], had this disorder, though this has never been definitively confirmed. * [[Norwegian Lundehund]]<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_Lundehund]</ref> * [[Polydactyl cat]]s * [[Little Tich]] * [[Hound Dog Taylor]], blues guitarist * [[ Oneli Perez]], a minor league baseball pitcher in the [[New York Yankees]] organization. * [[Sid Wilson]], turn-tablist in NU-metal band [[Slipknot (band)|Slipknot]] had an extra finger on each hand. They were removed at birth. ==Mythological and fictional polydactyls == {{examplefarm}} {{Unreferencedsection|date=April 2008}} *[[Hannibal Lecter]], the fictional [[psychiatrist]] and [[serial murderer]], had a sixth finger on his left hand. Its removal is crucial to the plot of the novel ''[[Hannibal (novel)|Hannibal]].'' * Swartt and Veil Sixclaw, fictional [[anthropomorphic]] [[ferret]]s from Brian Jacques's book series, ''[[Redwall]],'' were both polydactyls. It was stated in the novel that Veil inherited polydactylism from his father, Swartt. * [[Tyrone Rugen|Count Rugen]], one of the villains in the novel and movie ''[[The Princess Bride]]'', had six fingers on his right hand, by which feature [[Inigo Montoya]] was able to identify him as the man who had killed his father. Also, this made finding a good sword difficult for the count. *The [[biblical]] giant [[Goliath]] is said to have had six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot: *:'''2 Samuel 21:20''' *:And there was yet a battle in Gath, where was a man of great stature, that had on every hand six fingers, and on every foot six toes, four and twenty in number; and he also was born to the giant. - [[Authorized King James Version|KJV]] *:'''1 Chronicles 20:6''' *:And yet again there was war at Gath, where was a man of great stature, whose fingers and toes were four and twenty, six on each hand, and six on each foot and he also was the son of the giant. - [[Authorized King James Version|KJV]] ==See also== * [[Syndactyly]] * [[Dactyly]] * [[Polydactyl cat]] * [[Polycephaly]] = extra head(s) * [[Polymelia]] = extra limb(s) * [[Supernumerary body part]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system}} [[Category:Congenital disorders]] [[Category:Genetic disorders]] [[Category:Supernumerary body parts]] [[ca:Hexadactília]] [[de:Polydaktylie]] [[es:Polidactilia]] [[fr:Polydactylie]] [[he:פולידקטיליה]] [[nl:Polydactylie]] [[ja:多指症]] [[no:Polydaktyli]] [[pl:Polidaktylia]] [[pt:Polidactilia]] [[ru:Полидактилия]] [[sr:Полидактилија]] [[fi:Polydaktylia]] [[sv:Polydaktyli]] [[vi:Polydactyly]] [[uk:Полідактилія]]