Polyp (medicine)
392212
226088788
2008-07-16T19:48:58Z
Jonjames1986
5743708
/* Cervical polyp */
{{otheruses4|the medical condition|the biological structure|Polyp}}
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Colon polyps |
Image = Polyp.jpeg |
Caption = Polyp of sigmoid colon as revealed by colonoscopy. Approximately 1 cm in diameter. The polyp was removed by [[cautery|snare cautery]] |
DiseasesDB = |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|63|5|k|55}} & various |
ICD9 = |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = 000266 |
eMedicineSubj = med |
eMedicineTopic = 414 |
MeshName = Polyp |
MeshNumber = C23.300.825 |
}}
A '''polyp''' is an abnormal growth of tissue ([[tumor]]) projecting from a [[mucous membrane]]. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated [[pedicle|stalk]] it is said to be pedunculated. If no stalk is present it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]], [[stomach]], [[nose]], [[Paranasal sinus|sinus(es)]], [[urinary bladder]] and [[uterus]]. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where mucous membranes exist like the [[cervix]]<!--
--><ref name="tcoyf">{{cite book | first=Toni | last=Weschler | year=2002 | title=Taking Charge of Your Fertility | pages=pp.227-228,330 | edition=Revised Edition | publisher=HarperCollins | location=New York | id=ISBN 0-06-093764-5 }}</ref> and [[small intestine]].
==Colorectal polyp==
{{ main|Colorectal polyp }}
Colon polyps are uncommonly associated with symptoms. Occasionally [[Lower gastrointestinal bleeding|rectal bleeding]], and on rare occasions [[pain]], [[diarrhea]] or [[constipation]] may occur because of colon polyps. Colon polyps are a concern because of the potential for [[colon cancer]] being present microscopically and the risk of benign colon polyps transforming with time into colon cancer. Since most polyps are [[asymptomatic]], they are usually discovered at the time of colon cancer screening with either [[Rectal examination|digital rectal exam (DRE)]], [[sigmoidoscopy|flexible sigmoidoscopy]], [[Barium enema]], [[colonoscopy]] or [[virtual colonoscopy]]. The polyps are routinely removed at the time of colonoscopy either with a polypectomy [[snare device|snare]] (P.Deyhle, 1970) or with [[biopsy forceps]]. If an [[adenomatous|adenomatous polyp]] is found with [[flexible sigmoidoscopy]] or if a polyp is found with any other [[diagnostic modality]], the patient must undergo [[colonoscopy]] for removal of the polyp(s). Even though [[colon cancer]] is usually not found in polyps smaller than 2.5 cm, all polyps found are removed since the removal of polyps reduces the future likelihood of developing [[colon cancer]]. When [[adenomatous]] polyps are removed, a repeat [[colonoscopy]] is usually performed in three to five years.
Most colon polyps can be categorized as [[sporadic]].
===Inherited Polyposis Syndromes===
* [[Familial adenomatous polyposis]]
* [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]]
* [[Turcot syndrome]]
* [[Juvenile polyposis syndrome]]
* [[Cowden disease]]
* [[Bannayan-Zonana syndrome]]
===Non-inherited Polyposis Syndromes===
* [[Cronkhite-Canada disease]]
===Types of colon polyps===
* [[malignant polyp]]
* [[Adenoma]]tous
* [[Hamartomatous]]
* [[Hyperplastic]]
* [[Inflammatory]]
==Endometrial polyp==
{{ main|Endometrial polyp }}
An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a polyp or [[lesion]] in the lining of the uterus ([[endometrium]]) that takes up space within the uterine cavity. Commonly occurring, they are experienced by up to 10% of women.<ref name="PGU">{{cite book
| last =Bates
| first =Jane
| title =Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound
| publisher =[[Cambridge University Press]]
| date =2007
| pages =65
| url =http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=oZ3RYlRAoxgC&pg=PP1&d
| isbn = 1900151510}}</ref> They may have a large flat base ([[sessile]]) or be attached to the uterus by an elongated [[pedicle]] ([[pedunculated]]).<ref name="PGU" /><ref name="Mayo">
{{cite web
| title =Uterine polyps
| publisher =MayoClinic.com
| date =2006-04-27
| url =http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/uterine-polyps/DS00699/DSECTION=1
| accessdate =2007-10-20 }}</ref> Pedunculated polyps are more common that sessile ones.<ref name="SDS">{{cite book
| last =Sternberg
| first =Stephen S.
| coauthors =Stacey E. Mills, Darryl Carter
| title =Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology
| publisher =Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
| date =2004
| pages =2460
| url =http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=ko3Hew4xaj4C&d
| isbn =0781740517 }}</ref> They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters.<ref name="Mayo" /> If pedunculated, they can protrude through the [[cervix]] into the [[vagina]].<ref name="PGU" /><ref name="Merck">{{cite web
| title =Dysmenorrhea: Menstrual abnormalities
| publisher =[[Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy]]
| date =2005
| url =http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec18/ch244/ch244d.html
| accessdate =2007-10-20 }}</ref> Small blood vessels may be present in polyps, particularly large ones.<ref name="PGU" />
==Cervical polyp==
{{ main|Cervical polyp }}
A cervical polyp is a common [[benign]] polyp or [[tumor]] on the surface of the [[Canal of the cervix|cervical canal]].<ref name="PAP">{{cite book
| last =Boon
| first =Mathilde E.
| coauthors =Albert J. H. Suurmeijer
| title =The Pap Smear
| publisher =Taylor & Francis
| date =1996
| pages =87
| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=umcl4R3sp2AC&pg=PA87&d
| isbn =3718658577 }}</ref> They can cause irregular [[menstruation|menstrual]] bleeding but often show no symptoms.<ref name="PGU">{{cite book
| last =Bates
| first =Jane
| title =Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound
| publisher =[[Cambridge University Press]]
| date =1997
| pages =77
| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oZ3RYlRAoxgC&pg=PA77&d
| isbn =1900151510 }}</ref> Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good.<ref name="Medline">{{cite web
| last =Smith
| first =Melanie N.
| title =Cervical polyps
| publisher =[[MEDLINE]]
| date =2006-05-10
| url =http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001494.htm
| accessdate =2007-11-05 }}</ref> About 1% of cervical polyps will show [[neoplastic]] change which may lead to [[cancer]].<ref>{{Citation
| last =Tillman
| first =Elizabeth
| title =Short Instructor Materials
| publisher =[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]
| format =[[PDF]]
| url =http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:7uWWuX7sq-4J:www.cdc.gov/DES/hcp/resources/materials/clinician_short_inst.pdf+%22cervical+polyp%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=9&gl=uk
| accessdate =2007-10-21 }}</ref> They are most common in post-[[Menstruation|menstrual]], pre-[[Menopause|menopausal]] women who have given birth.<ref name="ECB">{{cite book
| last =Bosze
| first =Peter
| coauthors =David M. Luesley
| title =Eagc Course Book on Colposcopy
| publisher =Informa Health Care
| date =2004
| pages =66
| url =http://books.google.com/books?id=bg6FxsY1xTUC&pg=PA66&d
| isbn =9630073560 }}</ref>
==Nasal polyp==
{{ main|Nasal polyp }}
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.screen4coloncancer.org/ ASGE Website dedicated to colon cancer awareness and early detection.]
* [http://www.askasge.org ASGE Website educating the public about endoscopy.]
* [http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/colonpolyps_ez/ National Institutes of Health polyp website]
* [http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic567.htm Thorough review of polyposis syndromes by Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan with CME available]
* [http://personalweb.sunset.net/~mansell/polyp.htm Explanation of colon polyps and colon cancer in lay terms.]
* [http://www.omed.org/downloads/pdf/publications/how_i_doit/2007/omed_hid_removing_large_or_sessile_colonic_polyps.pdf "How I Do It" — Removing large or sessile colonic polyps]. Dr. Brian Saunders MD FRCP; St. Mark’s Academic Institute; Harrow, Middlesex, UK. Retrieved April 9, 2008.
{{Gastroenterology}}
{{Tumors}}
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
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