Polyp (medicine) 392212 226088788 2008-07-16T19:48:58Z Jonjames1986 5743708 /* Cervical polyp */ {{otheruses4|the medical condition|the biological structure|Polyp}} {{Infobox_Disease | Name = Colon polyps | Image = Polyp.jpeg | Caption = Polyp of sigmoid colon as revealed by colonoscopy. Approximately 1 cm in diameter. The polyp was removed by [[cautery|snare cautery]] | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|K|63|5|k|55}} & various | ICD9 = | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000266 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 414 | MeshName = Polyp | MeshNumber = C23.300.825 | }} A '''polyp''' is an abnormal growth of tissue ([[tumor]]) projecting from a [[mucous membrane]]. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated [[pedicle|stalk]] it is said to be pedunculated. If no stalk is present it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]], [[stomach]], [[nose]], [[Paranasal sinus|sinus(es)]], [[urinary bladder]] and [[uterus]]. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where mucous membranes exist like the [[cervix]]<!-- --><ref name="tcoyf">{{cite book | first=Toni | last=Weschler | year=2002 | title=Taking Charge of Your Fertility | pages=pp.227-228,330 | edition=Revised Edition | publisher=HarperCollins | location=New York | id=ISBN 0-06-093764-5 }}</ref> and [[small intestine]]. ==Colorectal polyp== {{ main|Colorectal polyp }} Colon polyps are uncommonly associated with symptoms. Occasionally [[Lower gastrointestinal bleeding|rectal bleeding]], and on rare occasions [[pain]], [[diarrhea]] or [[constipation]] may occur because of colon polyps. Colon polyps are a concern because of the potential for [[colon cancer]] being present microscopically and the risk of benign colon polyps transforming with time into colon cancer. Since most polyps are [[asymptomatic]], they are usually discovered at the time of colon cancer screening with either [[Rectal examination|digital rectal exam (DRE)]], [[sigmoidoscopy|flexible sigmoidoscopy]], [[Barium enema]], [[colonoscopy]] or [[virtual colonoscopy]]. The polyps are routinely removed at the time of colonoscopy either with a polypectomy [[snare device|snare]] (P.Deyhle, 1970) or with [[biopsy forceps]]. If an [[adenomatous|adenomatous polyp]] is found with [[flexible sigmoidoscopy]] or if a polyp is found with any other [[diagnostic modality]], the patient must undergo [[colonoscopy]] for removal of the polyp(s). Even though [[colon cancer]] is usually not found in polyps smaller than 2.5 cm, all polyps found are removed since the removal of polyps reduces the future likelihood of developing [[colon cancer]]. When [[adenomatous]] polyps are removed, a repeat [[colonoscopy]] is usually performed in three to five years. Most colon polyps can be categorized as [[sporadic]]. ===Inherited Polyposis Syndromes=== * [[Familial adenomatous polyposis]] * [[Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]] * [[Turcot syndrome]] * [[Juvenile polyposis syndrome]] * [[Cowden disease]] * [[Bannayan-Zonana syndrome]] ===Non-inherited Polyposis Syndromes=== * [[Cronkhite-Canada disease]] ===Types of colon polyps=== * [[malignant polyp]] * [[Adenoma]]tous * [[Hamartomatous]] * [[Hyperplastic]] * [[Inflammatory]] ==Endometrial polyp== {{ main|Endometrial polyp }} An endometrial polyp or uterine polyp is a polyp or [[lesion]] in the lining of the uterus ([[endometrium]]) that takes up space within the uterine cavity. Commonly occurring, they are experienced by up to 10% of women.<ref name="PGU">{{cite book | last =Bates | first =Jane | title =Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound | publisher =[[Cambridge University Press]] | date =2007 | pages =65 | url =http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=oZ3RYlRAoxgC&pg=PP1&d | isbn = 1900151510}}</ref> They may have a large flat base ([[sessile]]) or be attached to the uterus by an elongated [[pedicle]] ([[pedunculated]]).<ref name="PGU" /><ref name="Mayo"> {{cite web | title =Uterine polyps | publisher =MayoClinic.com | date =2006-04-27 | url =http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/uterine-polyps/DS00699/DSECTION=1 | accessdate =2007-10-20 }}</ref> Pedunculated polyps are more common that sessile ones.<ref name="SDS">{{cite book | last =Sternberg | first =Stephen S. | coauthors =Stacey E. Mills, Darryl Carter | title =Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology | publisher =Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | date =2004 | pages =2460 | url =http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=ko3Hew4xaj4C&d | isbn =0781740517 }}</ref> They range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters.<ref name="Mayo" /> If pedunculated, they can protrude through the [[cervix]] into the [[vagina]].<ref name="PGU" /><ref name="Merck">{{cite web | title =Dysmenorrhea: Menstrual abnormalities | publisher =[[Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy]] | date =2005 | url =http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec18/ch244/ch244d.html | accessdate =2007-10-20 }}</ref> Small blood vessels may be present in polyps, particularly large ones.<ref name="PGU" /> ==Cervical polyp== {{ main|Cervical polyp }} A cervical polyp is a common [[benign]] polyp or [[tumor]] on the surface of the [[Canal of the cervix|cervical canal]].<ref name="PAP">{{cite book | last =Boon | first =Mathilde E. | coauthors =Albert J. H. Suurmeijer | title =The Pap Smear | publisher =Taylor & Francis | date =1996 | pages =87 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=umcl4R3sp2AC&pg=PA87&d | isbn =3718658577 }}</ref> They can cause irregular [[menstruation|menstrual]] bleeding but often show no symptoms.<ref name="PGU">{{cite book | last =Bates | first =Jane | title =Practical Gynaecological Ultrasound | publisher =[[Cambridge University Press]] | date =1997 | pages =77 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=oZ3RYlRAoxgC&pg=PA77&d | isbn =1900151510 }}</ref> Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good.<ref name="Medline">{{cite web | last =Smith | first =Melanie N. | title =Cervical polyps | publisher =[[MEDLINE]] | date =2006-05-10 | url =http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001494.htm | accessdate =2007-11-05 }}</ref> About 1% of cervical polyps will show [[neoplastic]] change which may lead to [[cancer]].<ref>{{Citation | last =Tillman | first =Elizabeth | title =Short Instructor Materials | publisher =[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] | format =[[PDF]] | url =http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:7uWWuX7sq-4J:www.cdc.gov/DES/hcp/resources/materials/clinician_short_inst.pdf+%22cervical+polyp%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=9&gl=uk | accessdate =2007-10-21 }}</ref> They are most common in post-[[Menstruation|menstrual]], pre-[[Menopause|menopausal]] women who have given birth.<ref name="ECB">{{cite book | last =Bosze | first =Peter | coauthors =David M. Luesley | title =Eagc Course Book on Colposcopy | publisher =Informa Health Care | date =2004 | pages =66 | url =http://books.google.com/books?id=bg6FxsY1xTUC&pg=PA66&d | isbn =9630073560 }}</ref> ==Nasal polyp== {{ main|Nasal polyp }} ==Footnotes== {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.screen4coloncancer.org/ ASGE Website dedicated to colon cancer awareness and early detection.] * [http://www.askasge.org ASGE Website educating the public about endoscopy.] * [http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/colonpolyps_ez/ National Institutes of Health polyp website] * [http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic567.htm Thorough review of polyposis syndromes by Dr. Ali Nawaz Khan with CME available] * [http://personalweb.sunset.net/~mansell/polyp.htm Explanation of colon polyps and colon cancer in lay terms.] * [http://www.omed.org/downloads/pdf/publications/how_i_doit/2007/omed_hid_removing_large_or_sessile_colonic_polyps.pdf "How I Do It" — Removing large or sessile colonic polyps]. Dr. Brian Saunders MD FRCP; St. Mark’s Academic Institute; Harrow, Middlesex, UK. Retrieved April 9, 2008. {{Gastroenterology}} {{Tumors}} [[Category:Gastroenterology]] [[Category:Gynecology]] {{med-stub}} [[de:Polyp (Geschwulst)]] [[fr:Polype (médecine)]] [[he:פוליפ (רפואה)]] [[nl:Poliep (gezwel)]] [[ja:ポリープ]] [[pl:Polip (medycyna)]] [[sv:Polyper]] [[uk:Поліп (медицина)]]