Port Sunlight 965848 218255883 2008-06-09T21:07:11Z Snowy 1973 1610846 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 218181577 by [[Special:Contributions/194.83.69.120|194.83.69.120]] ([[User talk:194.83.69.120|talk]]) {{infobox UK place| |country= England |official_name= Port Sunlight |latitude= 53.35542 |longitude= -2.99459 |population= 1,450 ([[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]])<ref name="Wirral 2001 Census: Port Sunlight">{{citeweb|url=http://www.wirral.gov.uk/factsandfigures/census2001/oneward2recset.asp?ref=TS31|title=Wirral 2001 Census: Port Sunlight|work=Metropolitan Borough of Wirral|accessdate=23 December|accessyear=2007}}</ref> |metropolitan_borough= [[Metropolitan Borough of Wirral|Wirral]] |metropolitan_county= [[Merseyside]] |region= North West England |constituency_westminster= [[Wirral South (UK Parliament constituency)|Wirral South]] |post_town= WIRRAL |postcode_district= CH62 |postcode_area= CH |dial_code= 0151 |os_grid_reference= SJ338847 |map_type= Merseyside |static_image= [[Image:Port Sunlight.jpg|right|237px]] |static_image_caption= <small>An example of Port Sunlight village architecture.</small> }} <!-- start of article --> '''Port Sunlight''' is a [[model village]] on the [[Wirral Peninsula]], [[Merseyside]], [[England]]. It is located between Lower [[Bebington]] and [[New Ferry]], and between 1894 and 1974 formed part of Bebington [[urban district]] within the county of [[Cheshire]]. Since [[1 April]] [[1974]], the village is a [[Ward (politics)|ward]] of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Wirral]]. At the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 Census]], its population was 1,450.<ref name="Wirral 2001 Census: Port Sunlight" /> It was purpose built by [[William Lever, 1st Viscount Leverhulme|William Hesketh Lever (later Lord Leverhulme)]] starting in 1888 for the employees of [[Lever Brothers]] soap factory (now part of [[Unilever]]). The name is derived from Lever's most popular brand of cleaning agent, [[Sunlight (cleaning product)|''Sunlight'']]. Port Sunlight contains 900 Grade II [[listed building]]s, and was declared a [[Conservation Area]] in 1978.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.wirral.gov.uk/udp/oneudp1.asp?id=CH9|title=Port Sunlight Conservation Area|work=Metropolitan Borough of Wirral|accessdate=23 December|accessyear=2007}}</ref> Port Sunlight has been informally suggested for [[World Heritage Site]] (WHS) status<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmhansrd/vo050308/halltext/50308h04.htm|title=Hansard 8 March 2005|work=www.parliament.uk|accessdate=8 February|accessyear=2008}}</ref> to protect it from development and to preserve the unique character for future generations; however, it is not yet on the current UK "tentative list" for future consideration as a WHS.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://icomos-uk.org/whs/tentative_list/ |title=Current UK World Heritage Site "tentative list"|work=ICOMOS UK|accessdate=8 February|accessyear=2008}}</ref> ==History and architecture== In 1887, Lever began looking for a new site on which he could expand his soap-making business, at that time based in [[Warrington]]. He purchased 56 acres of unused marshy land at the site which became Port Sunlight, which was relatively flat, allowed space for expansion, and had a prime location between the [[River Mersey]] and a railway line. The garden village was founded to house his factory workers. Lever personally helped to plan the village, and employed nearly thirty different architects. Between 1899 and 1914, 800 houses with a population of 3,500 were built, together with allotments and public buildings including the [[Lady Lever Art Gallery]], a cottage hospital, schools, a concert hall, open air swimming pool, church, and a temperance hotel. He also introduced schemes for welfare, education and the entertainment of his workers, and encouraged recreation and organisations which promoted art, literature, science or music. Lever's stated aims were ''"to socialise and Christianise business relations and get back to that close family brotherhood that existed in the good old days of hand labour."'' He claimed that Port Sunlight was an exercise in [[profit sharing]], but rather than share profits directly, he invested them in the village. He said, ''"It would not do you much good if you send it down your throats in the form of bottles of whisky, bags of sweets, or fat geese at Christmas. On the other hand, if you leave the money with me, I shall use it to provide for you everything that makes life pleasant – nice houses, comfortable homes, and healthy recreation."''<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.dta.org.uk/resources/history/historycontentsummary/industrial/|title=William Hesketh Lever: Port Sunlight and Port Fishlight|work=Development Trust Association|accessdate=17 November|accessyear=2007}}</ref> The historical significance of Port Sunlight lies in its unprecedented combination of model industrial housing, providing materially decent conditions for working people, with the architectural and landscape values of the [[garden city movement|garden suburb]], influenced by the ideas of [[William Morris]] and the [[Arts and Crafts Movement]]. Each block of houses was designed by a different architect. The backs of any of the houses cannot be seen, and each house is unique. In terms of architectural features, there is half-timbering, carved woodwork and masonry, pargetting (ornamental plaster work) moulded and twisted chimneys and leaded glazed patterns. Some houses were built in Flemish style, with bricks imported from Belgium. ==Community== One of the great buildings in Port Sunlight is the Lady Lever Art Gallery. A keen art collector, Lever travelled all over the world and liked to show the villagers the art he collected - this is why he built Lady Lever Art Gallery. Opened in 1922 by [[Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom|Princess Beatrice]], the art gallery shows Lever's collection as well as some modern-day artwork. This collection includes a range of furniture, paintings and sculptures. Other notable buildings in the village include the Lyceum, the Gladstone Theatre (which regularly hosts local amateur dramatic productions), Hesketh Hall (which houses the local branch of the [[Royal British Legion]]) and the "Bridge Inn" [[public house]]. The village contains a church and opposite is a small primary school. Church Drive Primary School is open to people living outside the village as well as village residents. There is a war memorial in the centre of the village in memory of local soldiers that died in the [[Great War]]. Port Sunlight also has a water feature which in the summer can prove a popular attraction for families. Until the 1980s, all residents were employees of Unilever and their families. It was during this decade that the houses were first sold privately. The former village school is now a [[working men's club]]. ==Transport== The area is served by both [[Bebington railway station|Bebington]] and [[Port Sunlight railway station|Port Sunlight]] railway stations, on the [[Wirral Line]] of the [[Merseyrail]] network. There are regular train services to [[Chester]], [[Ellesmere Port]] and to [[Liverpool]] via [[Birkenhead]]. ==Cultural references== Port Sunlight was widely celebrated. In 1912 it became the subject of a hit West End musical comedy, ''[[The Sunshine Girl]]'', at the [[Gaiety Theatre, London]]. It starred [[Phyllis Dare]], one of the most popular pin-ups of the Edwardian era, and was written by [[Paul Rubens (composer)|Paul Alfred Rubens]]. The show introduced the [[Tango (dance)|tango]] dance to British audiences. ==Notable people== Port Sunlight is the birthplace of 1980s music personality [[Pete Burns]], member of the band [[Dead or Alive (band)|Dead or Alive]]. Hulme Hall, Port Sunlight, was the venue for drummer [[Ringo Starr]]'s official debut as a member of [[The Beatles]] on [[18 August]] [[1962]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://home.att.net/~chuckayoub/1962_year.htm|title=The Beatles Timeline 1962|work=Chuck Ayoub|accessdate=28 January|accessyear=2008}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|url=http://magicalbeatletours.com/tour_wirral.htm|title=A Beatle Tour to Wirral|work=Magical Beatle Tours|accessdate=28 January|accessyear=2008}}</ref> It is also the site of the band's first ever broadcast interview. The interview was with local [[disc jockey]] Monty Lister and recorded for [[Radio Clatterbridge]] on [[27 October]] [[1962]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.radioclatterbridge.co.uk/beatles.htm|title=Beatles|work=Radio Clatterbridge|accessdate=2 April|accessyear=2008}}</ref> ==Other 'model villages'== *[[Bournville]]: [[Cadbury-Schweppes|Cadbury's]] factory village *[[Woodlands, South Yorkshire|Woodlands]]: [[Brodsworth Colliery]] mining village *[[Saltaire]] *[[Stewartby]] *[[Hampstead Garden Suburb]] *[[Brentham Garden Suburb]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.bebingtonexplorers.org.uk/ Bebington District Explorer Scouts] *[http://www.ccpsurc.info/ Christ Church Port Sunlight] *[http://www.wirral8.f9.co.uk/wirral/portsun.htm Christ Church Port Sunlight Bells] *[http://www.portsunlight.org.uk Port Sunlight Village Community] *[http://www.portsunlightvillage.com Port Sunlight Village Trust] [[Category:Company towns]] [[Category:Grade II listed buildings in Merseyside]] [[Category:Model villages]] [[Category:Towns and villages in Wirral]] [[fr:Port Sunlight]] [[ja:ポート・サンライト]]