Prešov
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{{Geobox | Settlement
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Prešov
| category = City
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = Presov city centre.jpg
| image_caption = City centre of Prešov
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
| flag =
| symbol =
<!-- *** Name *** -->
| etymology =
| official_name =
| motto =
| nickname =
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
| country = Slovakia
| country_flag = 1
| state =
| region = [[Prešov Region|Prešov]]
| district = [[Prešov District|Prešov]]
| municipality =
<!-- *** Family *** -->
| parent = Šariš
| parent_type = Tourism region
| river = Torysa
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
| location =
| elevation = 250
| lat_d = 49
| lat_m = 00
| lat_s = 06
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 21
| long_m = 14
| long_s = 22
| long_EW = E
| coordinates_type = region:SK_type:city
| highest =
| highest_elevation =
| highest_lat_d =
| highest_long_d =
| lowest =
| lowest_elevation =
| lowest_lat_d =
| lowest_long_d =
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| area = 70.40
| area_round = 1
<!-- *** Population *** -->
| population = 91650
| population_date = 2006-12-31
| population_density = auto
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
| established = 1247
| established_type = First mentioned
| mayor = Pavel Hagyari
| mayor_party = independent
<!-- *** Codes *** -->
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| postal_code = 080 01
| area_code = +421-51
| code = PO
| code_type = [[Slovak car registration plates|Car plate]]
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| free =
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = Slovakia - outline map.svg
| map_background = Slovakia - background map.png
| map_caption = Location in Slovakia
| map_locator = Slovakia
| map1 = Prešov Region - outline map.svg
| map1_background = Prešov Region - background map.png
| map1_caption = Location in the Prešov Region
| map1_locator = Prešov Region
<!-- *** Websites *** -->
| commons = Prešov
| statistics = [http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/prvav2.jsp?txtUroven=440707&lstObec=524140&Okruh=zaklad MOŠ/MIS]
| website = [http://www.presov.sk www.presov.sk]
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
<!-- Processed by Geoboxer 3.0 on 2007-10-15T20:44:48+02:00 --> }}
[[Image:Nabrezie Torysy Presov.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Torysa]] riverbank in Prešov]]
'''Prešov''' ({{Audio|Presov.ogg|pronunciation}}; known also by [[#Names|alternative names]]) is a [[city]] in eastern [[Slovakia]]. It is the seat of the administrative [[Prešov Region]] ({{lang-sk|Prešovský kraj}}). With a population of approximately 91,000, it is the third-largest city in the country.
==Names==
Historically, the city has been known as ''Eperies'' or ''Preschau'' in [[German language|German]], ''Eperjes'' in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], ''Fragopolis'' in [[Latin language|Latin]], ''Preszów'' in [[Polish language|Polish]], ''Peryeshis'' in [[Romany language|Romany]], Пряшів/Пряшyв (''Priashiv/Priashuv'') in [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]] and Пряшів in [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]].
==Characteristics==
The city is a showcase of [[Baroque]], [[Rococo]] and [[Gothic architecture]]. In the historical center, the main street is lined with churches and other buildings built in these styles. In the suburbs, however, the [[Soviet]] influence is clearly evident through the massive concrete apartment buildings (the [[panelák]]y) of the Sídliská (housing estates) and the Sekčov district. More [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-style architecture is seen in the government buildings near the city center.
Significant industries in the city include mechanical and electrical engineering companies and the clothing industry. Solivary, the only salt mining and processing company in Slovakia, also operates in the city. The city is a seat of an [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] archbishopric.
Many concerts, operas, operettas and stage plays are performed at the new building of the Jonáš Záborský Theatre (Divadlo Jonáša Záborského), as well as at the older theatre premises.
The city and the region are contenders for [[European Capital of Culture]] 2013.<ref>See [http://www.presov2013.sk Presov 2013 website]</ref>
==History==
Habitation in the region of Prešov dates as far back as the [[Paleolithic]] period. The oldest discovered tools and [[mammoth]] bones are 28,000 years old. [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] people have lived in the area of the city since the 4th or 5th century. The continuous settlement dates to the 8th century.
By the end of the 11th century the town had become part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary]], and [[Magyar people|Hungarian]] soldiers settled in the town. In the 13th century many [[Carpathian Germans|German]] settlers moved to Prešov from the [[Spiš]] region, after the [[Battle of Mohi|Mongol invasions of 1241]]. The first written record of Prešov dates back to 1247 in a document of the King [[Béla IV of Hungary|Béla IV]], when it was mentioned as ''Epuries''. At that time it was a village belonging to the nearby [[Šariš Castle]].<ref>{{cite web | publisher = City of Prešov | url = http://www.presov.sk/article.php?i_id_article=3258 | title = Prešov - Prior to The Grant of The City privileges | date = no date | accessdate = 2008-03-18}}</ref> In 1299 Prešov received municipal privileges from [[Andrew III of Hungary|Andrew III]], and in 1374 it was declared a [[free royal town]]. This led to the development of crafts and trade (especially the export of wine from the [[Tisza]] region to [[Poland]]). In the 15th century Prešov joined the [[Pentapolitana]], an alliance of five towns of eastern Slovakia ([[Bardejov]], [[Levoča]], Košice, Prešov, and [[Sabinov]]).
The first record of a school dates to 1429. In 1572, [[Salt mine|salt mining]] began in Solivar (at that time a nearby town, now part of Prešov). Prešov's increased importance meant that in 1647 it became the seat of the [[Šariš]] county.
In 1667 the important Evangelic Lutheran College of Prešov was established by [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] in the town. In 1687 twenty four prominent citizens and noblemen were executed for supporting the uprising of [[Imre Thököly]].
At the beginning of the 18th century, the population was decimated by the [[Bubonic plague]] and by fires to a mere 2,000 inhabitants. By the second half of the century the town had recovered, crafts and trade improved again, and new [[Factory|factories]] were built. In 1752 the salt mine in Solivar was flooded. Ever since then salt has been produced from salt brine through boiling.
In 1870 the first railway was built to the town from [[Košice]]. At the end of the 19th century, the town introduced electricity, telephone, telegraph, and a sewage system. In 1887 fire destroyed a large part of the town. In 1918 Prešov became part of the newly created [[Czechoslovakia]]. During [[World War II]], the nearby town of Košice became again part of Hungary by the [[First Vienna Award]]. As a result, many institutions moved from Košice to Prešov, thus increasing its importance. In 1944, a professional Slovak Theatre was established in Prešov.
During the Communist Czechoslovakia era after 1948, Prešov became an industrial center. The population increased rapidly from 28,000 in 1950 to 52,000 in 1970 and 91,000 in 1990.
==Geography==
[[Image:Eperjes - Church.jpg|300px|left|thumb]]
Prešov lies at an altitude of {{convert|250|m|ft|0}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]] and covers an area of {{convert|70.4|km2|sqmi|1|lk=on}}.<ref name="statistics">{{cite web | title = Municipal Statistics | publisher = Statistical Office of the Slovak republic | date = | url = http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html | accessdate = 2008-01-22}}</ref> It is located in the north-eastern Slovakia, at the northern reaches of the [[Košice Basin]], at the confluence of the [[Torysa]] River with its tributary Sekčov. Mountain ranges nearby include [[Slanské vrchy]] (south-east), [[Šarišská vrchovina]] (south-west), Bachureň (west) and Čergov (north). The neighbouring city of Košice is {{convert|34|km|mi|0}} to the south, around {{convert|50|km|mi|0}} from the Polish border and {{convert|410|km|mi|0}} away from [[Bratislava]] (by road).
===Climate===
Prešov lies in the [[Temperate|north temperate zone]] and has a [[continental climate]] with four distinct seasons. It is characterized by a significant variation between hot summers and cold, snowy winters.
{{-}}
{{Infobox Weather
|metric_first= Yes
|single_line= Yes
|location = Prešov
|Jan_Hi_°F = 32 |Jan_Hi_°C = 0 |Jan_REC_Hi_°F = |Jan_REC_Lo_°F= <!--REC temps are optional; use sparely-->
|Feb_Hi_°F = 37 |Feb_Hi_°C = 3 |Feb_REC_Hi_°F = |Feb_REC_Lo_°F =
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|Jul_Hi_°F = 78 |Jul_Hi_°C = 25 |Jul_REC_Hi_°F = |Jul_REC_Lo_°F =
|Aug_Hi_°F = 78 |Aug_Hi_°C = 25 |Aug_REC_Hi_°F = |Aug_REC_Lo_°F =
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|Oct_Hi_°F = 58 |Oct_Hi_°C = 14 |Oct_REC_Hi_°F = |Oct_REC_Lo_°F =
|Nov_Hi_°F = 44 |Nov_Hi_°C = 6 |Nov_REC_Hi_°F = |Nov_REC_Lo_°F =
|Dec_Hi_°F = 34 |Dec_Hi_°C = 1 |Dec_REC_Hi_°F = |Dec_REC_Lo_°F =
|Year_Hi_°F = |Year_Hi_°C = |Year_REC_Hi_°F = |Year_REC_Lo_°F =
|Jan_Lo_°F = 23 |Jan_Lo_°C = -5 |Jan_REC_Hi_°C = |Jan_REC_Lo_°C =
|Feb_Lo_°F = 25 |Feb_Lo_°C = -4 |Feb_REC_Hi_°C = |Feb_REC_Lo_°C =
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|Jun_Lo_°F = 54 |Jun_Lo_°C = 12 |Jun_REC_Hi_°C = |Jun_REC_Lo_°C =
|Jul_Lo_°F = 57 |Jul_Lo_°C = 14 |Jul_REC_Hi_°C = |Jul_REC_Lo_°C =
|Aug_Lo_°F = 57 |Aug_Lo_°C = 14 |Aug_REC_Hi_°C = |Aug_REC_Lo_°C =
|Sep_Lo_°F = 49 |Sep_Lo_°C = 10 |Sep_REC_Hi_°C = |Sep_REC_Lo_°C =
|Oct_Lo_°F = 41 |Oct_Lo_°C = 5 |Oct_REC_Hi_°C = |Oct_REC_Lo_°C =
|Nov_Lo_°F = 33 |Nov_Lo_°C = 0 |Nov_REC_Hi_°C = |Nov_REC_Lo_°C =
|Dec_Lo_°F = 26 |Dec_Lo_°C = -4 |Dec_REC_Hi_°C = |Dec_REC_Lo_°C =
|Year_Lo_°F = |Year_Lo_°C = |Year_REC_Hi_°C = |Year_REC_Lo_°C =
|Jan_Precip_inch = 0.63
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|Mar_Precip_inch = 0.75
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|Aug_Precip_cm = 5.09 |Aug_Precip_mm =
|Sep_Precip_cm = 3.57 |Sep_Precip_mm =
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|Nov_Precip_cm = 2.91 |Nov_Precip_mm =
|Dec_Precip_cm = 1.97 |Dec_Precip_mm =
|Year_Precip_cm = |Year_Precip_mm =
|source =MSN Weather<ref name=msn>{{cite web
| url = http://weather.msn.com/monthly_averages.aspx?&wealocations=wc%3a26657&setunit=C | title = Monthly Averages for Nitra, Slovakia | accessdate = 22 January | accessyear = 2008
| publisher = MSN }}</ref>
|accessdate = 2008-01-22}}
==Demographics==
[[Image:Prešov dóm.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Cathedral of Prešov]]
[[Image:Neptúnova fontána.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Poseidon|Neptune's]] fountain on the Hlavná ulica (Main Street) in Prešov]]
Prešov has a population of 91,621 (as of December 31, 2005). According to the 2001 [[census]], 93.7% of inhabitants were [[Slovaks]], 1.4% [[Roma people|Roma]], 1.2% [[Rusyns]], 1.1% [[Ukrainians]], 0.8% [[Czechs]], and 0.2% [[Hungarians]]. The religious make-up was 66.8% [[Roman Catholics]], 13.6% people with no religious affiliation, 8.9% [[Greek Catholics]], and 4.8% [[Lutherans]].<ref name="statistics"/>
Before [[World War II]] Prešov had a large [[Jew]]ish population, and housed a major Jewish museum. Plaques in the town hall and a memorial in the surviving [[synagogue]] record that 6,400 Jews were deported from the town under the [[Tiso]] government of the [[First Slovak Republic]] to the [[concentration camp]]s run by the [[Nazi]] regime of Germany.
==Education==
Institutions of tertiary education in the city are the [[University of Prešov]] with 12,549 students, including 867 doctoral students.<ref name='uips24'> {{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P24.PDF |title=Technická univerzita Košice |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak}}</ref> and the private [[International Business College ISM Slovakia in Prešov]], with 455 students.<ref name='uips37'> {{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P37.PDF |title=Vysoká škola medzinárodného podnikania ISM Slovakia |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak}}</ref> In addition, the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies of the [[Technical University of Košice]] is based in the city.
There are 15 public [[primary school]]s, six private primary schools, and two religious primary schools.<ref name='uips'>{{cite web | title=Prehľad základných škôl v školskom roku
2006/2007 | date= 2006 | publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva | url =http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZS_P7.PDF | accessdate = 2008-03-04 | language = Slovak}}</ref> Overall, they enroll 9,079 pupils.<ref name='uips'/> The city's system of [[secondary education]] consists of 10 [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasia]] with 3,675 students,<ref name='uips2'> {{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/GYM_P7.PDF |title=Prehľad gymnázií v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak}}</ref> 4 specialized [[high school]]s with 5,251 students,<ref name='uips3'> {{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOS_P7.PDF |title=Prehľad stredných odborných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak }}</ref> and 11 [[vocational school]]s with 5,028 students.<ref name='uips4'> {{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZSS_P7.PDF |title=Prehľad združených stredných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak}}</ref><ref name='uips5'> {{cite web|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOU_P8.PDF |title=Prehľad stredných odborných učilíšť a učilíšť v školskom roku 2006/2007 |accessdate=2008-03-04 |format=PDF |publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva |language=Slovak }}</ref>
==Hiking trails==
* [[European walking route E8]]
** [[Prešov]] - [[Miháľov]] - [[Kurimka]] - [[Dukla]] - [[Iwonicz-Zdrój]] – [[Rymanów-Zdrój]] - [[Puławy (województwo podkarpackie)|Puławy]] – [[Tokarnia (peak)|Tokarnia]] (778 m) – Kamień (717 m) – [[Komańcza]] - [[Cisna]] - [[Ustrzyki Górne]] - [[Tarnica]] - [[Wołosate]].
==See also==
* [[List of people from Prešov]]
* [[Šariš (beer)|Šariš Brewery]]
* [[Executive Court of Prešov]]
==Twin towns==
Prešov is [[twin towns|twinned]] with:
* {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Brugherio]], [[Italy]]
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Keratsini]], [[Greece]]
* {{flagicon|France}} [[La Courneuve]], [[France]]
* {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Nyíregyháza]], [[Hungary]]
* {{flagicon|Poland}} [[Nowy Sącz]], [[Poland]]
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Mukacheve]], [[Ukraine]]
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]] [http://www.gpsca.org/index.htm]
* {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Prague|Prague 10]], [[Czech Republic]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Remscheid]], [[Germany]]
* {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Rishon LeZion]], [[Israel]]
==References==
* [http://www.presov.sk/browse.php?i_id_category=257 Official History of Prešov]
* Prešov town hall (July 2002), Prešov - city profile. Retrieved in June 2004 from http://www.pis.sk/jpis/obsah/html/presov_profile.htm.
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.presov.sk/portal.php?language=en Webpage of the town]
* [http://www.slovakia.org/tourism/presov.htm Prešov information from Slovakia.org]
{{Presov District}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Slovakia|Presov]]
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