Premolar
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2008-05-29T12:17:17Z
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robot Adding: [[no:Forjeksel]]
{{selfref|Bicuspid redirects here, for the valve in the heart, see [[Mitral valve]].}}
{{Infobox Anatomy |
Name = {{PAGENAME}} |
Latin = dentes premolares |
GraySubject = 242 |
GrayPage = 1118 |
Image = Gray1003.png |
Caption = The permanent teeth, viewed from the right. |
Image2 = Gray997.png |
Caption2 = Permanent teeth of right half of lower dental arch, seen from above. |
Precursor = |
System = |
Artery = |
Vein = |
Nerve = |
Lymph = |
MeshName = Premolar |
MeshNumber = A14.549.167.860.150 |
DorlandsPre = t_13 |
DorlandsSuf = 12813062 |
}}
The '''premolar''' [[teeth]] or '''bicuspids''' are transitional teeth located between the [[Canine_tooth|canine]] and [[Molar_(tooth)|molar]] teeth. In humans, there are two premolars per [[quadrant]], making eight premolars total in the mouth. They have at least two [[Cusp (dentistry)|cusps]]. Premolars can be considered as a 'transitional tooth' during chewing, or [[mastication]]. It has properties of both the [[anterior]] canines and [[posterior]] molars, and so food can be transferred from the canines to the premolars and finally to the molars for grinding, instead of directly from the canines to the molars.
The premolars in humans are the [[maxillary first premolar]], [[maxillary second premolar]], [[mandibular first premolar]], and the [[mandibular second premolar]].
There is always one large [[buccal]] cusp, especially so in the mandibular first premolar. The lower second premolar almost always presents with two [[lingual]] cusps.
Premolar teeth by definition are permanent teeth [[distal]] to the [[canine tooth|canine]]s preceded by [[deciduous teeth|deciduous]] molars. In primitive [[mammal]]s there are four premolars per quadrant. The most [[mesial]] two have been lost in [[New World monkeys]], apes, and humans. [[Paleontologists]] refer to [[human]] premolars as Pm3 and Pm4.
==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Illu mouth.jpg|Mouth (oral cavity)
Image:Gray157.png|Left maxilla. Outer surface.
Image:Gray187.png|Base of skull. Interior surface.
</gallery>
== See also ==
*[[Incisor]]
*[[Canine tooth]]
*[[molar (tooth)|Molar]]
{{Head and neck general}}
[[Category:Teeth]]
[[zh-min-nan:Sió-āu-chan]]
[[ca:Dent premolar]]
[[de:Prämolar]]
[[dv:ބޭރު ކޮލުދަތްތައް]]
[[es:Premolar]]
[[fr:Prémolaire]]
[[it:Premolare]]
[[lt:Kapliai]]
[[nl:Premolaar]]
[[ja:小臼歯]]
[[no:Forjeksel]]
[[pl:Ząb przedtrzonowy]]
[[sr:Преткутњаци]]
[[sv:Premolarer]]
[[te:అగ్రచర్వణకాలు]]