Procainamide
1157843
224446927
2008-07-08T21:46:25Z
Thijs!bot
1392310
robot Adding: [[es:Procainamida]]
{{drugbox
| IUPAC_name = 4-amino-''N''-(2-diethylaminoethyl) benzamide
| image = Procainamide.svg
| CAS_number = 51-06-9
| ATC_prefix = C01
| ATC_suffix = BA02
| ATC_supplemental =
| PubChem = 4913
| DrugBank = APRD00509
| C = 13 | H = 21 | N = 3 | O = 1
| molecular_weight = 235.325 g/mol
| bioavailability = 85% (oral)
| protein_bound = 15 to 20%
| metabolism = [[Liver|Hepatic]] ([[CYP2D6]]-mediated)
| elimination_half-life = ~2.5 to 4.5 hours
| excretion = [[Kidney|Renal]]
| pregnancy_US = C
| legal_UK = POM
| routes_of_administration = [[Intravenous therapy|IV]], [[Intramuscular injection|IM]], oral
}}
''''''Procainamide'''''' (proe-KANE-a-mide) ([[International Nonproprietary Name|INN]], trade names '''Pronestyl''', '''Procan''', '''Procanbid''') is a [[pharmaceutical]] [[antiarrhythmic agent]] used for the [[medicine|medical]] [[Pharmacotherapy|treatment]] of [[cardiac arrhythmia]]s, classified by the [[Vaughan Williams classification]] system as class Ia. Procanbid will no longer be manufactured.<sup>1</sup>
It blocks open [[sodium]] (Na<sup>+</sup>) channels and prolongs the [[heart|cardiac]] [[action potential]] (outward [[potassium]] (K<sup>+</sup>) currents may be blocked).
This results in slowed conduction, and ultimately the decreased rate of rise of the action potential, which may result in widening of [[QRS complex|QRS]] on [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG).
This [[medication|drug]] is used for both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.
For example, it can be used to convert new-onset [[atrial fibrillation]], though it is suboptimal for this purpose.
Procainamide is administered [[intravenous]]ly or [[Wiktionary:oral|oral]]ly.
When administered intravenously, a [[loading dose]] should first be given, though care should be taken not to cause [[hypotension]].
Procainamide's active metabolite is [[N-acetyl procainamide]], which is stronger than procainamide and excreted by the [[kidneys]] and the [[renal system]].
Adverse effects include [[rash]], [[myalgia]], [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivity reaction]]s ([[fever]], [[agranulocytosis]]), [[Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus]] (particularly in slow-acetylators), and proarrhythmic effects (''e.g.'', [[torsades de pointes]]). Treatment with procainamide can cause antibody production against cellular components, accounting for the systemic lupus erythematosus-like adverse reactions.
== References ==
1. http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/shortages/procanletter.pdf
{{Antiarrhythmic agents}}
[[Category:Antiarrhythmic agents]]
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