Project 160483 225787556 2008-07-15T12:00:10Z SoWhy 54890 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/202.1.192.11|202.1.192.11]] to last version by SchfiftyThree (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) {{selfref|For Wikipedian Projects, see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject]]}} : ''For all other uses, see [[Project (disambiguation)]].'' A '''project''', as defined in the field of [[project management]], consists of a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a [[Product (business)|product]] or [[Service (economics)|service]].<ref name="PMBOK"> ''A Guide to the [[Project Management Body of Knowledge]]'' (PMBOK Guide), Third Edition, [[Project Management Institute]]. </ref> More generically, the [[Oxford English Dictionary]] suggests that [[business]] and [[science]] projects involve "a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully [[plan]]ned to achieve a particular aim". ==Origin == The word ''project'' comes from the [[Latin]] word ''projectum'' from the Latin verb ''proicere'', "to throw something forwards" which in turn comes from ''pro-'', which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the [[Greek language|Greek]] πρό) and ''iacere'', "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else happens". When the English language initially adopted the word, it referred to a plan of something, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project became known as an "[[object (task)|object]]". This use of "project" changed in the 1950s{{Fact|date=January 2008}} with the introduction of several techniques for [[project management]]. Use of the word "project" evolved slightly to cover both projects and objects. However, certain projects continue to include so-called ''objects'' and ''object [[leadership|leaders]]''. ==Applicability == [[As of 2008| Contemporary]] [[western culture| Western]] [[business]] — characterized by a modern [[matrix management|matrix]] organization and a cooperative [[culture]] — [[as of 2008| currently]] particularly favors project-based approaches. [[Authoritarianism| Authoritarian]], [[bureaucracy| bureaucratic]] organizations with rigid, hierarchical structures show less enthusiasm about project-based work, which may not operate as expected in their environment due to conflicts between different [[organizational culture|cultures]].{{Fact|date=January 2008}} ==Notable projects== * the [[Manhattan Project]], which developed the first [[nuclear weapon]] * the [[Soviet atomic bomb project]] * the [[Polaris missile|Polaris missile project]]: an [[ICBM]] control-system * [[Soviet Moonshot| Soviet manned lunar projects and programs]] * [[Project Apollo]], which landed humans on the [[moon]] * [[genome project]]s * the [[Human Genome Project]], which mapped the [[human genome]] == School Usage == Within public schools in the United States, a '''project''' is an assignment given to a student which generally requires a larger amount of effort than normal homework assignments. They can range anywhere from simple written projects to elaborate and well-constructed Science Fair Projects. == See also == {{Wiktionarypar|project}} * [[Association for Project Management]] * [[Megaproject]] * [[Process]] * Project [[cost overrun]] * [[Project governance]] * [[Program (management)]] * [[Project Management Institute]] (PMI) * [[List of project management topics]] * [[Project planning]] * [[Enterprise Project Management]] (EPM) * [[Project management software]] * [[Gantt Chart]] == Footnotes == {{reflist}} [[Category:Project management]] [[Category:Collaboration]] [[af:Projek]] [[bg:Проект]] [[ca:Projecte (economia)]] [[cs:Projekt]] [[da:Projekt]] [[de:Projekt]] [[el:Έργο]] [[es:Proyecto]] [[fa:پروژه]] [[fr:Projet]] [[ko:프로젝트]] [[it:Progetto]] [[io:Projeto]] [[lv:Projekts]] [[lt:Projektas]] [[hu:Projekt]] [[mk:Проект]] [[nl:Project]] [[ja:プロジェクト]] [[pl:Projekt (zarządzanie)]] [[pt:Projeto]] [[ru:Проект]] [[scn:Pruggettu]] [[simple:Project]] [[sk:Projekt]] [[sl:Projekt]] [[fi:Projekti]] [[sv:Projekt]] [[ta:செயற்றிட்டம்]] [[th:โครงการ]] [[vi:Dự án]] [[tr:Proje]] [[zh:项目]]