Pronator teres muscle
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{{Muscle infobox |
Name = Pronator teres muscle |
Latin = musculus pronator teres |
GraySubject = 125 |
GrayPage = 446 |
Image = Pronator-teres.png |
Caption = Front of the left forearm. Superficial muscles. (Pronator teres labeled at center.) |
Width = 194 |
Origin = ''humeral head'': [[medial epicondyle of humerus]] ([[common flexor tendon]]) <BR> ''ulnar head'': [[coronoid process of ulna]] |
Insertion = [[radius]] |
Action = [[pronation]] of [[forearm]], [[flexes]] [[Elbow-joint|elbow]] |
Antagonist = [[Supinator muscle]] |
Blood = [[ulnar artery]] and [[radial artery]] |
Nerve = [[median nerve]] |
MeshName = |
MeshNumber = |
DorlandsPre = m_22 |
DorlandsSuf = 12550260 |
}}
The '''pronator teres''' is a [[muscle]] of the [[human body]] (located mainly in the [[forearm]]) that, along with the [[pronator quadratus]], serves to pronate the forearm (turning it so the palm faces downward).
===Structure===
The pronator teres has two heads--humeral and ulnar.
The humeral head, the larger and more superficial, arises immediately above the [[medial epicondyle]] of the [[humerus]] and from the [[common flexor tendon]].
The ulnar head is a thin fasciculus, which arises from the medial side of the coronoid process of the [[ulna]], and joins the preceding at an acute angle.
The [[median nerve]] enters the forearm between the two heads of the muscle, and is separated from the [[ulnar artery]] by the ulnar head.
The muscle passes obliquely across the forearm, and ends in a flat tendon, which is inserted into a rough impression at the middle of the lateral surface of the body of the [[radius]], just below the insertion of the [[supinator]].
The lateral border of the muscle forms the medial boundary of triangular hollow known as the [[cubital fossa]], which is situated in front of the [[elbow-joint]].
===Innervation===
The pronator teres is innervated by the [[median nerve]].
===Variations===
Occasionally, the ulnar head is absent. Also, additional slips from the medial [[intermuscular septum]], from the [[biceps brachii]], and from the [[brachialis]] occasionally occur.
===Clinical aspects===
"Pronator teres syndrome" is one common cause of [[wrist]] pain.
==See also==
* [[Pronator quadratus]]
* [[Supinator]]
* [[Cubital fossa]]
==Additional images==
<gallery>
Image:Gray207.png|Left humerus. Anterior view.
Image:Gray213.png|Bones of left forearm. Anterior aspect.
Image:Gray417_color.PNG|Cross-section through the middle of the forearm.
Image:Gray525.png|The brachial artery.
Image:Gray527.png|The radial and ulnar arteries.
</gallery>
==External links==
* {{MuscleLoyola|prt}}
* {{MuscleUWash|pronatorteres}}
* {{GPnotebook|-234487749}}
* {{DukeOrtho|pronator_teres}}
* [http://www.ptcentral.com/muscles/musclearms.html#pronator%20teres PTCentral]
{{Gray's}}
{{Muscles_of_upper_limb}}
[[Category:Muscles of the upper limb]]
{{muscle-stub}}
[[ar:عضلة كابة مدورة]]
[[de:Musculus pronator teres]]
[[fr:Muscle rond pronateur]]
[[hr:Obli pronator]]
[[id:Otot pronator teres]]
[[he:השריר הכפן העגול]]
[[hu:Hengeres borintóizom]]
[[nl:Musculus pronator teres]]
[[ja:円回内筋]]
[[pl:Mięsień nawrotny obły]]
[[pt:Músculo pronador redondo]]
[[sv:Pronator teres]]
[[sl:Zgornja obračalka]]
[[th:กล้ามเนื้อโปรเนเตอร์ เทเรส]]