Proto-Indo-European numerals 5179264 207307504 2008-04-22T07:11:04Z D39 504799 /* Ordinal Numbers */ The [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] numerals are generally reconstructed as follows: {| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color:#f7f8ff" align=center cellpadding="7" |-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" | |Sihler 1995, 402–24 |Beekes 1995, 212–16 |- |one |*{{unicode|Hoi-no-/*Hoi-wo-/*Hoi-k(ʷ)o-; *sem-}} |*{{unicode|Hoi(H)nos}} |- |two |*{{unicode|d(u)wo-}} |*{{unicode|duoh₁}} |- |three |*{{unicode|trei-}} (full grade)/*{{unicode|tri-}} (zero grade) |*{{unicode|treies}} |- |four |*{{unicode|kʷetwor-}} (o-grade)/*{{unicode|kʷetur-}} (zero grade), <br>see also the [[kwetwores rule|{{unicode|kʷetwóres}} rule]] |*{{unicode|kʷetuōr}} |- |five |*{{unicode|penkʷe}} |*{{unicode|penkʷe}} |- |six |*{{unicode|s(w)eḱs}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|weḱs}} |*{{unicode|(s)uéks}} |- |seven |*{{unicode|septm̥}} |*{{unicode|séptm}} |- |eight |*{{unicode|oḱtō}}, *{{unicode|oḱtou}} or *{{unicode|h₃eḱtō}}, *{{unicode|h₃eḱtou}} |*{{unicode|h₃eḱteh₃}} |- |nine |*{{unicode|(h₁)newn̥}} |*{{unicode|(h₁)néun}} |- |ten |*{{unicode|deḱm̥(t)}} |*{{unicode|déḱmt}} |- |twenty |*{{unicode|wīḱm̥t-}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|widḱomt-}} | *{{unicode|duidḱmti}} |- |thirty |*{{unicode|trīḱomt-}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|tridḱomt-}} | *{{unicode|trih₂dḱomth₂}} |- |forty |*{{unicode|kʷetwr̥̄ḱomt-}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|kʷetwr̥dḱomt-}} |*{{unicode|kʷeturdḱomth₂}} |- |fifty |*{{unicode|penkʷēḱomt-}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|penkʷedḱomt-}} |*{{unicode|penkʷedḱomth₂}} |- |sixty |*{{unicode|s(w)eḱsḱomt-}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|weḱsdḱomt-}} |*{{unicode|ueksdḱomth₂}} |- |seventy |*{{unicode|septm̥̄ḱomt-}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|septm̥dḱomt-}} |*{{unicode|septmdḱomth₂}} |- |eighty |*{{unicode|oḱtō(u)ḱomt-}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|h₃eḱto(u)dḱomt-}} |*{{unicode|h₃eḱth₃dḱomth₂}} |- |ninety |*{{unicode|(h₁)newn̥̄ḱomt-}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|h₁newn̥dḱomt-}} |*{{unicode|h₁neundḱomth₂}} |- |hundred |*{{unicode|ḱm̥tom}}; originally perhaps *{{unicode|dḱm̥tom}} |*{{unicode|dḱmtóm}} |- |thousand |*{{unicode|ǵheslo-}}, *{{unicode|tusdḱomti}} |*{{unicode|ǵʰes-l-}} |} Lehmann (1993, 252-255) believes that the numbers greater than ten were constructed separately in the dialects groups and that *{{unicode|ḱm̥tóm}} originally meant "a large number" rather than specifically "one hundred." ==Cardinal Numbers== {| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color:#f7f8ff" align=center cellpadding="7" |-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" !width="200"|Root!!width="150"|Meaning!!width="450"|Derivatives |- | '''*{{unicode|H₁}}ói-no-''' || one || [[Albanian language|Albanian]] një/nji, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] vien-as, vienet-as, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] viens, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] oinos, [[German language|German]] ein/eins, [[English language|English]] ān/one, [[Greek language|Greek]] oios, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] aēuua, [[Irish language|Irish]] óin/aon, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] akh, [[Latin]] ūnus, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] ev, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] uinus, [[Old Church Slavonic]] edinŭ, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] einn, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] aīns, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] iu/ieu, [[Persian language|Persian]] aiva/yek, [[Polish language|Polish]] jeden, [[Romanian language|Romanian]] unu, [[Russian language|Russian]] odin, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] eka, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] uns, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] ains, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] un |- | '''*sem-'''<br>(nom. sēm-s, gen. sem-ós)<br>'''*s{{unicode|m̥}}- [prefix]''' || one || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] mi/mek/meg, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] gjithë, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] sa, sav-as, [[English language|English]] sum/some, [[German language|German]] saman/zusammen, [[Greek language|Greek]] heis, [[Hittite language|Hittite]] san, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] hakeret, [[Irish language|Irish]] samail/samhail, [[Latin]] semel, [[Lycian language|Lycian]] sñta, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] sâ~, [[Persian language|Persian]] hama/hamin, [[Russian language|Russian]] sam, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] sak{{Unicode|ṛ}}t, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] sas/{{Unicode|ṣ}}e, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] hafal, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] sami, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] sama |- | '''*dwo-{{unicode|H₁}}- / *dwi-{{unicode|H₁}}-<br>*dwi- [prefix]''' || two || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] erku/yerku/yergu, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] dy/dy, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] du/dve-ji/dvi/dve-jos, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] divi, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] vo, [[German language|German]] zwêne/zwei, [[English language|English]] twā/two, [[Greek language|Greek]] duō, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] duua, [[Hittite language|Hittite]] dā-, [[Irish language|Irish]] dá/dó, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] zū', [[Latin]] duo, [[Lycian language|Lycian]] tuwa, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] dü, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] dus, [[Old Church Slavonic]] dŭva, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] tveir, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] dwāi, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] dyuuæ/duuæ, [[Persian language|Persian]] duva/do, [[Polish language|Polish]] dwa, [[Russian language|Russian]] dva, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] dva, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] wu/wi, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] tuf, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] twai, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] dau |- | '''*tréies (m),<br> *trisóres (f),<br> *trei{{unicode|H₂}} (n)<br>tri- [prefix]''' || three || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] erek'/yerek'/yerek', [[Albanian language|Albanian]] tre/tre, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] trys, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] trīs, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] treis, [[German language|German]] drī/drei, [[English language|English]] þrēo/three, [[Greek language|Greek]] treis, [[Hittite language|Hittite]] tri-, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] θri, [[Illyrian language|Illyrian]] tri-, [[Irish language|Irish]] treí/trí, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] tre, [[Latin]] trēs, [[Lycian language|Lycian]] trei, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] tre, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] trís, [[Old Church Slavonic]] trĭje, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] þrír, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] tri, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] ærtæ/ærtæ, [[Persian language|Persian]] çi/se, [[Polish language|Polish]] trzy, [[Russian language|Russian]] tri, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] tri, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] tre/trai, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] trif, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] þreis, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] tri, [[Phrygian language|Phrygian]] thri- |- | '''*k{{unicode|ʷ}}etwóres (m),<br>*k{{unicode|ʷ}}etwesóres (f),<br>*k{{unicode|ʷ}}etwōr (n)''' || four || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] č'ork'/č'ors/č'ors, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] katër/katër, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ketur-i, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] četri, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] petor, [[German language|German]] feor/vier, [[English language|English]] fēower/four, [[Greek language|Greek]] tessares, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] čaθware, [[Irish language|Irish]] cethir/ceathair, [[Latin]] quattuor, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] tsor, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] što, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] petora, [[Old Church Slavonic]] četyri, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] fjórir, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] keturjāi, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] cyppar/cuppar, [[Persian language|Persian]] /čahār, [[Polish language|Polish]] cztery, [[Russian language|Russian]] četyre, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] catur, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] śtwar/śtwer, [[Thracian language|Thracian]] ketri-, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] petor, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] fidwor, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] pedwar, [[Lycian language|Lycian]] teteri |- | '''*pénk{{unicode|ʷ}}e''' || five || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] hing/hing/hink, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] pesë/pesë, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] penk-i, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] pieci, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] pempe, [[German language|German]] fimf/fünf, [[English language|English]] fīf/five, [[Phrygian language|Phrygian]] pinke, [[Greek language|Greek]] pente, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] pa{{Unicode|ṇ}}ča, [[Irish language|Irish]] cóic/cúig, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] pā.~tsh [[Latin]] quinque, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] puč, [[Luwian language|Luwian]] pa<sup>n</sup>ta, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] pompe, [[Old Church Slavonic]] pętĭ, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] fimm, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] pēnkjāi, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] fondz/fondz, [[Persian language|Persian]] panča/panj, [[Polish language|Polish]] pięć, [[Russian language|Russian]] pjat', [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] pañca, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] päñ/piś, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] pumpe, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] fimf, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] pump |- | '''*swe{{unicode|ḱ}}s / se{{unicode|ḱ}}s''' || six || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] vec'/vec'/vec', [[Albanian language|Albanian]] gjashtë, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] šeš-i, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] seši, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] suex, [[German language|German]] sēhs/sechs, [[English language|English]] siex/six, [[Greek language|Greek]] heks, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] xšuuaš, [[Illyrian language|Illyrian]] ses-, [[Irish language|Irish]] sé/sé, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] śe, [[Latin]] sex, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] {{Unicode|ṣ}}u, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] sehs, [[Old Church Slavonic]] šestĭ, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] sex, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] usjai, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] æxsæz/æxsæz, [[Persian language|Persian]] /šeš, [[Polish language|Polish]] sześć, [[Russian language|Russian]] šest', [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] {{Unicode|ṣ}}a{{Unicode|ṣ}}, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] {{Unicode|ṣ}}äk/{{Unicode|ṣ}}kas, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] sehs, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] saihs, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] chwech |- | '''*sept{{unicode|m̥}}''' || seven || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] evt'n/yot'/yot'ĕ, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] shtatë/shtatë, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] septyn-i, tunt-as, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] septiņi, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] sextan, [[German language|German]] sibun/sieben, [[English language|English]] seofon/seven, [[Greek language|Greek]] hepta, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] hapta, [[Irish language|Irish]] secht/seacht, [[Hittite language|Hittite]] šipta-, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] sath, [[Latin]] septem, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] sut, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] seften, [[Old Church Slavonic]] sedmĭ, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] sjau, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] septīnjai, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] avd/avd, [[Persian language|Persian]] /haft, [[Polish language|Polish]] siedem, [[Russian language|Russian]] sem', [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] sapta, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] {{Unicode|ṣ}}pät/{{Unicode|ṣ}}ukt, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] sibun, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] saith |- | '''*{{unicode|H₁}}o{{unicode|ḱ}}t{{unicode|ō}}(u)''' || eight || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] ut'/ut'/ut'ĕ, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] tëte/tetë, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] aš-tuon-i, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] astoņi, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] oxtū, [[German language|German]] ahto/acht, [[English language|English]] eahta/eight, [[Greek language|Greek]] oktō, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] ašta, [[Irish language|Irish]] ocht/ocht, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] ā.{{Unicode|ṭ}}h, [[Latin]] octō, [[Lycian language|Lycian]] aitãta-, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] u{{Unicode|ṣ}}{{Unicode|ṭ}}, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] uhto, [[Old Church Slavonic]] osmĭ, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] átta, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] astōnjai, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] ast/ast, [[Persian language|Persian]] ašta/hašt, [[Polish language|Polish]] osiem, [[Russian language|Russian]] vosem', [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] a{{Unicode|ṣ}}{{Unicode|ṭ}}a, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] okät/okt, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] ahtau, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] wyth |- | '''*({{unicode|H₁}})néw{{unicode|n̥}}''' || nine || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] inn/inn/innĕ, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] nëntë/nândë, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] de-vyn-i, de-vien-i, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] deviņi, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] navan, [[German language|German]] niun/neun, [[English language|English]] nigon/nine, [[Greek language|Greek]] ennea, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] nauua, [[Irish language|Irish]] nói/naoi, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] nav, [[Latin]] novem, [[Lycian language|Lycian]] ñuñtãta-, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] nu, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] nuven, [[Old Church Slavonic]] devętĭ, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] níu, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] newīnjai, [[Persian language|Persian]] nava/noh, [[Polish language|Polish]] dziewięć, [[Russian language|Russian]] devjat', [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] nava, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] ñu, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] nuvim, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] niun, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] naw |- | '''*dé{{unicode|ḱ}}{{unicode|m̥}}''' || ten || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] tasn/tas/dasĕ, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] dhjetë/dhetë, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] de-šimt, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] desmit, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] decam, [[German language|German]] zēhen/zehn, [[Dacian language|Dacian]] dece-, [[English language|English]] tīen/ten, [[Greek language|Greek]] deka, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] dasa, [[Irish language|Irish]] deich/deich, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] da.h, [[Latin]] decem, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] duc, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] deken, [[Old Church Slavonic]] desętĭ, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] tíu, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] desīmtan, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] dæs/dæs, [[Persian language|Persian]] daθa/dah, [[Polish language|Polish]] dziesięć, [[Russian language|Russian]] desjat', [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] daśa, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] śäk/śak, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] desem, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] taihun, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] deg |- | '''*wi{{unicode|H₁}}-{{unicode|ḱ}}{{unicode|m̥}}t-í{{unicode|H₁}}''' || twenty || [[Armenian language|Armenian]] k'san, [[Albanian language|Albanian]] njëzet/njizet, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] vocontio, [[Greek language|Greek]] eikosi, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] visaiti, [[Irish language|Irish]] fiche/fiche, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] vuh, [[Latin]] vīgintī, [[Persian language|Persian]] /bēst, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] vici, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] vi{{Unicode|ṅ}}śati, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] wiki/ikä{{Unicode|ṃ}}, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ugain, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] dvi-de-šimt |- | '''*tri{{unicode|H₁}}-{{unicode|ḱ}}ómt-{{unicode|H₂}}''' || thirty || [[Latin language|Latin]] trīgintā, [[Greek language|Greek]] triákonta, [[Irish language|Irish]] /tríocha, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] tri{{Unicode|ṅ}}śat, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] tris-de-šimt |- | '''*k{{unicode|ʷ}}etw{{unicode|r̥}}{{unicode|H₁}}-{{unicode|ḱ}}ómt-{{unicode|H₂}}''' || forty || [[Latin language|Latin]] quadrāgintā, [[Greek language|Greek]] tessarákonta, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] catvāri{{Unicode|ṅ}}śat, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] keturias-de-šimt |- | '''*penk{{unicode|ʷ}}e-{{unicode|ḱ}}ómt-{{unicode|H₂}}''' || fifty || [[Latin language|Latin]] quinquāgintā, [[Greek language|Greek]] pentêkonta, [[Irish language|Irish]] /caoga, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] pañcāśat, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] penkias-de-šimt |- | '''*swe{{unicode|ḱ}}s-{{unicode|ḱ}}ómt-{{unicode|H₂}}/<br> *se{{unicode|ḱ}}s-{{unicode|ḱ}}ómt-{{unicode|H₂}}''' || sixty || [[Latin language|Latin]] sexāgintā, [[Greek language|Greek]] exêkonta, [[Irish language|Irish]] /seasca, [[Russian language|Russian]] šest'desjat, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] ṣaṣṭih, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] šešias-de-šimt |- | '''*sept{{unicode|m̥}}-{{unicode|ḱ}}ómt-{{unicode|H₂}}''' || seventy || [[Latin language|Latin]] septuāgintā, [[Greek language|Greek]] heptákonta, [[Irish language|Irish]] /seachtó, [[Russian language|Russian]] sem'desjat, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] saptatih, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] septynias-de-šimt |- | '''*{{unicode|H₁}}okto-{{unicode|ḱ}}ómt-{{unicode|H₂}}''' || eighty || [[Latin language|Latin]] octāgintā, [[Greek language|Greek]] ogdôkonta, [[Irish language|Irish]] /ochtó, [[Russian language|Russian]] vosem'desjat, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] aśītih, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] aštuonias-de-šimt |- | '''*({{unicode|H₁}})new{{unicode|n̥}}-{{unicode|ḱ}}ómt-{{unicode|H₂}}''' || ninety || [[Latin language|Latin]] nonāgintā, [[Greek language|Greek]] ennenêkonta, [[Irish language|Irish]] /nócha, [[Russian language|Russian]] devjanosto, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] navatih, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] devynias-de-šimt |- | '''*{{unicode|ḱ}}{{unicode|m̥}}tóm''' || hundred || [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] šimt-as, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] simts, [[German language|German]] hunt/hundert, [[English language|English]] hundred/hundred, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] hund, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] hundrað, [[Greek language|Greek]] hekaton, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] sata, [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] cantam, [[Irish language|Irish]] cét/céad, [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] śath, [[Latin]] centum, [[Old Church Slavonic]] sŭto, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] sædæ, [[Persian language|Persian]] /sad, [[Polish language|Polish]] sto, [[Russian language|Russian]] sto/sotnja, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] śata, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] satem, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] känt/kante, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] cant |- | '''*(s{{unicode|m̥}}-){{unicode|ǵ}}{{unicode|ʰ}}éslo-''' || thousand || [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] sahasram, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] hazarəm, [[Persian language|Persian]] /hāzar, [[Greek language|Greek]] khilioi, [[Latin]] mīlle, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] wälts/yaltse |- | '''*tú{{unicode|H₁}}s-ont-''' || a massive number<br>(-> thousand) || [[German language|German]] þūsunt/tausend, [[English language|English]] þusend/thousand, [[Gothic language|Gothic]] þusundi, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] tūkst-ant-is, stūks-ant-is, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] tūkstots, [[Old Church Slavonic]] tys{{Unicode|ǫ}}šti, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] þúsund, [[Polish language|Polish]] tysiąc, [[Russian language|Russian]] tysjača, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] tumane/tmām |} ==Ordinal Numbers== {| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color:#f7f8ff" align=center cellpadding="7" |-align="center" bgcolor="#e6e9ff" !width="250"|Root!!width="200"|Meaning!!width="350"|Derivatives |- | '''*pri{{unicode|H₁}}-mó- / *prō-to-''' || foremost<br>(-> first) || [[Albanian language|Albanian]] i parë [[Avestan language|Avestan]] pairi, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] pirm-as, vienet-as, [[Latvian language|Latvian]] pirmais, [[German language|German]] furist/Fürst; fruo/früh, [[English language|English]] fyrst/first, [[Greek language|Greek]] prōtos, [[Hittite language|Hittite]] para, [[Avestan language|Avestan]] paoiriia, [[Irish language|Irish]] er/air, [[Latin]] prīmus, [[Kamviri language|Kamviri]] pürük, [[Lycian language|Lycian]] pri, [[Old Church Slavonic language|Old Church Slavonic]] pĭrvŭ, [[Oscan language|Oscan]] perum, [[Old Norse language|Old Norse]] fyrstr, [[Prussian language|Old Prussian]] pariy, [[Ossetian language|Ossetian]] fyccag;farast/farast, [[Polish language|Polish]] pierwszy, [[Romanian language|Romanian]] primul, [[Russian language|Russian]] pervyj, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] prathama, [[Tocharian language|Tocharian]] parwät/parwe, [[Umbrian language|Umbrian]] pert, [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ar |- | '''*dwo-teró- || second || [[Greek language|Greek]] deúteros, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] dvitīya, [[Russian language|Russian]] vtoroj, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] an-tr-as (on third), sekant-is (following, sequent, next), dve-jet-as, dve-jas (double) |- | '''*t{{unicode|r̥}}-tiyó- || third || [[Greek language|Greek]] trítos, [[Latin]] tertius, [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] t{{unicode|r̥}}tīya, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] treč-ias, tret-ias [[Russian language|Russian]] tretij |- | '''*k{{unicode|ʷ}}etw{{unicode|r̥}}-tó- || fourth || [[Greek language|Greek]] tetartos, [[Latin]] quartus, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ketvirt-as, [[Russian language|Russian]] chetvjortyj |- | '''*p{{unicode|n̥}}k{{unicode|ʷ}}-tó- || fifth || [[Greek language|Greek]] pemptos, [[Latin]] quintus, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] penkt-as, [[Russian language|Russian]] pjatyj |- | '''*swe{{unicode|ḱ}}s-tó- || sixth || [[Latin]] sextus, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] šešt-as, [[Greek language|Greek]] héktos, [[Russian language|Russian]] šestoj |- | '''*sept{{unicode|m̥}}-(m)ó- || seventh || [[Latin]] septimus, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] sep-tint-as, sep-tunt-as, sekm-as, [[Greek language|Greek]] hébdomos, [[Russian language|Russian]] sed'moj |- | '''*{{unicode|H₁}}o{{unicode|ḱ}}tow-ó- || eighth || [[Latin]] octavus, [[Greek language|Greek]] ógdoos, [[Russian language|Russian]] vos'moj, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] aš-tunt-as (me plus seven) |- | '''*({{unicode|H₁}})new{{unicode|n̥}}-(n)ó- || ninth || [[Latin]] nonus, [[Greek language|Greek]] énatos, [[Russian language|Russian]] devjatyj, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] de-vint-as, de-vienet-as (part of one) |- | '''*dek{{unicode|m̥}}-tó- / *dek{{unicode|m̥}}-(m)ó-''' || tenth || [[Latin]] decimus, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] dešimtas, [[Greek language|Greek]] dékatos, [[Russian language|Russian]] desjatyj, [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] de-šimt-as (part of hundred) |} ==See also== {{Wiktionary|Category:Proto-Indo-European numerals}} *[[List of Proto-Indo-European roots]] *[[Proto-Indo-European pronouns and particles]] {{Indo-European studies}} [[Category:Proto-Indo-European language|Numerals]]