Province of Quebec (1763–1791) 391225 218533366 2008-06-11T01:51:37Z DyceBot 3409125 moved [[Province of Quebec (1763-1791)]] to [[Province of Quebec (1763–1791)]]: Bot:Replacing hyphen in date range with en dash per [[WP:MOS#En_dashes|MOS]] {{Infobox Former Country |native_name = Québec |conventional_long_name = Province of Quebec |common_name = Quebec |ag |continent = North America |country = Canada |era = |status = Colony |status_text= British Province |empire = United Kingdom |government_type = Constitutional monarchy | |event_start = [[Royal Proclamation of 1763|Royal Proclamation]] |year_start = 1763 |date_start = October 7 |event_end = [[Constitutional Act of 1791|Constitutional Act]] |year_end = 1791 |date_end = December 26 | |event1 = [[Quebec Act]] |date_event1 = 1774 |event2 = [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]] |date_event2 = 1783 |event3 = |date_event3 = | |p1 = Canada, New France |flag_p1 = Flag of the Kingdom of France.png |s1 = Upper Canada |flag_s1 = Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg |s2 = Lower Canada |flag_s2 = Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg |s3 = United States |flag_s3 = US flag 13 stars – Betsy Ross.svg | |flag = |flag_type = |image_flag = Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg |symbol = |symbol_type = |image_coat = |image_map = map of territorial growth 1775.jpg |image_map_caption = A portion of eastern North America in 1775 after the [[Quebec Act]]; Quebec extends all the way to the [[Mississippi River]]. |capital = [[Quebec City|Quebec]] |national_motto = |national_anthem = |common_languages = [[Canadian French|French]], [[Canadian English|English]] |religion = [[Roman Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]] |currency = Canadian pound | |<!--- Titles and names of the first and last leaders and their deputies ---> |leader1 = [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] |title_leader = [[British monarchy|King]] |deputy1 = See [[Lieutenant-Governor of Québec#Governors_of_Quebec_from_the_Conquest_to_the_creation_of_Lower_Canada|list of Governors]] |year_deputy1 = |title_deputy = [[Governor]] |footnotes = }} The '''Province of Quebec''' was a colony in [[North America]] created by [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] after the [[Seven Years' War]]. Great Britain acquired [[Canada, New France|Canada]] by the [[Treaty of Paris (1763)]] when King [[Louis XV of France|Louis XV]] of France and his advisors chose to keep the territory of [[Guadeloupe]] for its valuable sugar crops instead of [[New France]]. By the [[Royal Proclamation of 1763]], Canada (part of New France) was renamed the Province of Quebec. In [[1774]], the British Parliament passed the [[Quebec Act]] that allowed Quebec to maintain the French Civil Code as its judicial system and sanctioned the freedom of religious choice, allowing the [[Roman Catholic Church]] to remain. The act also enlarged the boundaries of Quebec to include the [[Ohio Country]] and [[Illinois Country]], from the [[Appalachian Mountains]] on the east, south to the [[Ohio River]], west to the [[Mississippi River]] and north to the southern boundary of lands owned by the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], or [[Rupert's Land]]. Through Quebec, the British Crown retained access to the Ohio and Illinois Countries even after the [[Treaty of Paris (1783)]], which was meant to have ceded this land to the United States. By well-established trade and military routes across the [[Great Lakes (North America)|Great Lakes]], the British continued to supply not only their own troops but a [[Western Confederacy|wide alliance of]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] nations through [[Detroit]], [[Fort Niagara]], [[Fort Michilimackinac]], and so on, until these posts were turned over to the United States following the [[Jay Treaty]] (1794). Quebec retained its seigneurial system after the conquest. Owing to an influx of [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] refugees from the [[American Revolutionary War]], the demographics of Quebec came to shift and now included a substantial English-speaking, Anglican or Protestant element from the former [[Thirteen Colonies]]. These [[United Empire Loyalists]] settled mainly in the [[Eastern Townships]], [[Montreal]], and what was known then as the ''pays d'en haut'' (high country) west of the [[Ottawa River]]. [[The Constitutional Act of 1791]] divided the country in two at the Ottawa River, so that the western part ([[Upper Canada]]) could be under the British legal system, with English speakers in the majority. The eastern part was named [[Lower Canada]]. == Governors of the Province of Quebec 1763-1791 == After the capitulation of Montreal in 1760, New France was placed under military government. Civil government was instituted in 1764. * [[Jeffrey Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst]] 1760-1763 * [[James Murray (British army officer)|James Murray]] 1764-1768 * [[Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester]] 1768-1778 * Sir [[Frederick Haldimand]] 1778-1786 * [[Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester]] 1786-1796 ==Counsellors to the Governor== The Province of Quebec did not have an elected legislature and was ruled directly by the Governor with advise from counsellors. The Legislative Council served as an advisory council to the Governor until a legislative assembly was established after 1791. A partial list of advisors from both Councils: * Chief Justice [[William Gregory]] * Chief Justice [[William Hey]] * Attorney General [[George Suckling]] * Attorney General [[Francis Maseres]] * [[Paulus Aemilius Irving]] - acting President of the Council * [[H. T. Cramahé]] * [[Adam Mabane]] - 1775; physician and judge * [[Walter Murray]] * [[Samuel Holland]] - served as first Surveyor General of British North America * [[Thomas Dunn]] - colonial administrator and soldier * [[François Mounier]] * [[James Cuthbert]] == Bibliography == * Burt, Alfred LeRoy. The Old Province of Quebec. Toronto: Ryerson Press; Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 1933. Reprinted Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 1968. * Lahaise, Robert and Vallerand, Noël. Le Québec sous le régime anglais : les Canadiens français, la colonisation britannique et la formation du Canada continental. Outremont, Québec : Lanctôt, 1999. * Neatby, Hilda. Quebec : the revolutionary age 1760-1791. Toronto : McClelland and Stewart, 1966. {{Canadian colonies}} {{Territories of the British Empire}} [[Category:Province of Quebec (colony)|*]] [[Category:British North America|Quebec, Province of]] [[de:Provinz Québec (1763-1791)]] [[fr:Province de Québec (1763-1791)]]