Provinces of Papua New Guinea 690290 221239522 2008-06-23T17:42:13Z 79.147.178.238 [[es:Organización territorial de Papúa Nueva Guinea]] {{Politics of Papua New Guinea}} The '''provinces of Papua New Guinea''' are the primary administrative divisions of the country. Provincial governments are branches of the national government{{ndash}} [[Papua New Guinea]] is not a [[federation]] of [[province]]s. The country has 20 province-level divisions: 18 provinces, one autonomous region ([[Bougainville Province|Bougainville]]) and the [[National Capital District (Papua New Guinea)|National Capital District]]. ==History== Immediately before independence on [[16 September]] [[1975]], Papua New Guinea was divided into nineteen provinces and the National Capital District. These provinces corresponded to the "Districts" of the pre-Independence administration of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. ===The Bougainville issue=== It had been considered that an independent state with limited resources could ill afford the infrastructure of a two-level quasi-federal governmental structure. However, a secession movement in Bougainville, whose Bougainville Copper Mine provided the largest single source of foreign exchange and whose contribution to the general revenue was crucial to the independent state's economic viability, forced the issue. The Bougainville secession movement declared the [[Republic of North Solomons]] on [[1 September]] [[1975]] and the central government very quickly responded by offering provincial status to Bougainville. For the sake of consistency, as there were or had been regional separatist movements in Papua and East New Britain, provincial status was offered to the other 18 Districts as well. Bougainville continues to be a special case. A renewed secession movement emerged in 1988 and resulted in a violent military campaign on the island, the closing of the Bougainville Copper Mine with serious financial consequences for the central government, the destruction or running-down of most infrastructure on the island and, ultimately, the total quarantining of the province for a decade. The Bougainville secessionists came to terms with the central government in 1997. A constitution was drafted for a more autonomous regional polity within Papua New Guinea with its own president and provisions for a referendum on total autonomy in due course. ===Government=== The provinces had elected provincial assemblies and cabinets led by premiers; however, the State remained legislative, not federal. Unlike Canada, Australia and the United States, whose federal governments are creatures of the provinces or states, but as with the provinces and states of Pakistan and India, the provinces are creatures of the central government and can be suspended by it or have their boundaries changed. Indeed there have been suspensions of several provincial governments to address corruption or incompetence by elected provincial governments. Changes in the boundaries of those provinces which are adjacent to the former boundary between the Territories of Papua and New Guinea can cause special complications in the administration of statutes which apply in Papua or New Guinea but not both. Ultimately in June 1995 in an effort to re-assert a measure of control by the central government over the often wayward provinces in an environment of limited numbers of personnel qualified for public office in many of the provinces, the office of provincial premier was abolished and the Regional (at-large) members of Parliament became provincial governors, while retaining their national seats in Parliament. ===Naming of provinces=== Several of the provincial governments have announced changes to the names of their provinces, with Bougainville becoming North Solomons, Western becoming Fly River, Chimbu becoming Simbu, Northern becoming Oro and West Sepik becoming Sandaun. The changes have been accorded popular acceptance but they remain unofficial, as the provinces are creatures of the Constitution and official changes of name would require amendments to the Constitution using the prescribed amending formula. ==List of provinces== [[Image:Papua new guinea provinces (numbers).png|thumb|left|420px|Provinces of Papua New Guinea]] {| class="wikitable sortable" !Number (see map) !Province !Capital !Area (km²) !Population !Density (pop/km²) |- |1 |[[Central Province, Papua New Guinea|Central]] |[[Port Moresby]] |29,500 |183,153 |6.21 |- |2 |[[Simbu Province|Simbu (Chimbu)]] |[[Kundiawa]] |6,100 |258,776 |42.42 |- |3 |[[Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea|Eastern Highlands]] |[[Goroka]] |11,200 |429,480 |38.35 |- |4 |[[East New Britain]] |[[Kokopo]] |15,500 |220,035 |14.20 |- |5 |[[East Sepik]] |[[Wewak]] |42,800 |341,583 |7.98 |- |6 |[[Enga Province|Enga]] |[[Wabag]] |12,800 |289,299 |22.60 |- |7 |[[Gulf Province|Gulf]] |[[Kerema]] |34,500 |105,050 |3.04 |- |8 |[[Madang Province|Madang]] |[[Madang]] |29,000 |362,085 |12.49 |- |9 |[[Manus Province|Manus]] |[[Lorengau]] |2,100 |43,589 |20.76 |- |10 |[[Milne Bay Province|Milne Bay]] |[[Alotau]] |14,000 |209,054 |14.93 |- |11 |[[Morobe]] |[[Lae]] |34,500 |536,917 |15.56 |- |12 |[[New Ireland Province|New Ireland]] |[[Kavieng]] |9,600 |118,148 |12.31 |- |13 |[[Oro Province|Oro (Northern)]] |[[Popondetta]] |22,800 |132,714 |5.82 |- |14 |[[Bougainville Province|Bougainville (North Solomons)]] |[[Arawa, Papua New Guinea|Arawa]] |9,300 |141,161 |15.18 |- |15 |[[Southern Highlands, Papua New Guinea|Southern Highlands]] |[[Mendi]] |23,800 |544,352 |22.87 |- |16 |[[Western Province, Papua New Guinea|Western (Fly)]] |[[Daru]] |99,300 |152,067 |1.53 |- |17 |[[Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea|Western Highlands]] |[[Mount Hagen]] |8,500 |439,085 |51.66 |- |18 |[[West New Britain]] |[[Kimbe]] |21,000 |184,838 |8.80 |- |19 |[[Sandaun|Sandaun (West Sepik)]] |[[Vanimo]] |36,300 |185,790 |5.12 |- |20 |[[National Capital District, Papua New Guinea|National Capital District]] |[[Port Moresby]] |240 |252,469 |1051.95 |} ==Regions== On a broader scale, the nation is divided into four regions. These regional groupings are quite significant in daily life, as they are often the basis for organisation of government services, corporate operations, sporting competitions, and even the machinations of politics. For instance, there has been much discussion over the years of how many Prime Ministers have come from each region, and whether a particular region is due to provide the next one. Ministers and departmental heads are often appointed with an eye to maintaining an overall balance between the regions. People generally identify quite strongly with their region, and inter-region rivalries can be intense. The four regions are: *[[Highlands Region]]: [[Simbu Province|Simbu]], [[Eastern Highlands, Papua New Guinea|Eastern Highlands]], [[Enga Province|Enga]], [[Southern Highlands, Papua New Guinea|Southern Highlands]], and [[Western Highlands, Papua New Guinea|Western Highlands]]. *[[Islands Region]]: [[East New Britain]], [[Manus Province|Manus]], [[New Ireland Province|New Ireland]], Bougainville, and [[West New Britain]]. *[[Momase Region]]: [[East Sepik]], [[Madang Province|Madang]], [[Morobe Province|Morobe]], and [[Sandaun|West Sepik (Sandaun)]]. *[[Papua Region]]: [[Central Province, Papua New Guinea|Central]], [[Gulf Province|Gulf]], [[Milne Bay Province|Milne Bay]], [[Oro Province|Northern Province (Oro)]], [[Western Province, Papua New Guinea|Western (Fly)]], and the [[National Capital District, Papua New Guinea|National Capital District]]. ''Momase'' is a recently devised [[portmanteau]] word which combines the first two letters of ''Morobe'', ''Madang'', and ''Sepik''. ==See also== * [[List of Districts and LLGs of Papua New Guinea|List of Districts and Local Level Governments of Papua New Guinea]] ==References== *[http://www.pngembassy.org/statistics.html Papua New Guinea Country Statistics] {{reflist}} {{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of Oceanian countries}} [[Category:Provinces of Papua New Guinea| ]] [[Category:Subdivisions of Papua New Guinea]] [[Category:Lists of country subdivisions|Papua New Guinea, Provinces of]] [[Category:First-level administrative country subdivisions]] [[de:Liste der Provinzen von Papua-Neuguinea]] [[es:Organización territorial de Papúa Nueva Guinea]] [[fr:Subdivisions de la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée]] [[ko:파푸아 뉴기니의 행정 구역]] [[lt:Papua Naujosios Gvinėjos provincijos]] [[ja:パプアニューギニアの地方行政区画]] [[pl:Podział administracyjny Papui-Nowej Gwinei]] [[pt:Subdivisões de Papua-Nova Guiné]]