Psalter
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217376823
2008-06-05T19:40:53Z
Ecphora
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First two printed psalters
{{unreferenced|date=February 2008}}
[[Image:Khludov.png|thumb|Page from the [[Chludov Psalter]] (9th century).]]
[[Image:Sofia Psalter 1337.png|right|thumb|180px|The Sofia Psalter (1337).]]
A '''Psalter''' is a volume containing the [[Book of Psalms]] and which often contains other devotional material. Various schemes for the arrangement of the Psalms are described in [[Latin Psalters]].
In the early [[Middle Ages]] Psalters were amongst the most popular types of [[illuminated manuscript]]s, rivaled only by the [[Gospel Book]]s, from which they gradually took over as the type of manuscript chosen for lavish illumination. Medieval Psalters often included a calendar, a litany of saints, [[canticle]]s from the [[Old Testament|Old]] and [[New Testament]]s, as well as other devotional texts. Many Psalters were lavishly illuminated with full-page miniatures as well as decorated initials.
In British North America, the first book printed was the [[Bay Psalm Book]] in 1640 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Psalms in it are metrical translations into English.
The psalter is also a part of either the [[Horologion]] or the [[breviary]], used to say the [[Liturgy of the Hours]] in the Eastern and Western Christian worlds respectively.
==Eastern Orthodox==
In the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] the Psalter is divided into 20 [[kathisma]]ta, for reading at [[Vespers]] and [[Matins]]. ''Kathisma'' means sitting, since the people normally sit during the reading of the psalms. Each kathisma is divided into three [[stasis|stases]], from ''stasis'', to stand, because each stasis ends with [[Doxology|Glory to the Father…]], at which everyone stands. The reading of the kathismata are so arranged that the entire Psalter is read through in the course of a week (during [[Great Lent]] it is read through twice in a week). During [[Bright Week]] (Easter Week) there is no reading from the Psalter. Orthodox Psalters usually also contain the [[Canticle|Biblical canticles]], which are read at the [[canon (hymnography)|canon]] of Matins during Great Lent. Some Orthodox Psalters also contain special [[prayer for the dead|prayers for the departed]], which are used during the [[wake]], when the psalms are read over the deceased (see [[Christian burial]]).
==Significant Psalters==
'''Illuminated manuscripts'''
*[[Cathach of St. Columba]], early 7th century
*[[Canterbury Psalter]], 1147CE
*[[Salaberga Psalter]]
*[[Vespasian Psalter]], 2nd quarter of the 8th century
*[[Irish Bog Psalter]]
*[[Psalter of Lothaire]]
*[[Montpellier Psalter]]
*[[Chludov Psalter]], 3rd quarter of the 9th century
*[[Stuttgart Psalter]]
*[[Utrecht Psalter]], 9th century
*[[Southampton Psalter]]
*[[Gertrude Psalter]], late 10th century with mid-11th century illuminations
*[[Stavelot Psalter]]
*[[Bosworth Psalter]]
*[[Aethelstan Psalter]]
*[[Harley Psalter]]
*[[Ramsey Psalter]]
*[[Codex Vossanius]]
*[[Paris Psalter]], 10th century
*[[Heidelberg Psalter]]
*[[Vatopedi Psalter]]
*[[St. Albans Psalter]]
*[[Theodore Psalter]]
*[[Eadui Psalter]]
*[[Tiberias Psalter]]
*[[Vitellius Psalter]]
*[[Winchester Psalter]]
*[[Melisende Psalter]], circa 1135
*[[Shaftesbury Psalter]]
*[[Westminster Psalter]]
*[[Camaldoli Psalter]]
*[[Gough Psalter]]
*[[London Psalter]]
*[[Psalter of Lambert de Bègue]]
*[[Grandisson Psalter]]
*[[Huth Psalter]]
*[[Oscott Psalter]]
*[[Alphonso Psalter]]
*[[Rutland Psalter]]
*[[Felbrigge Psalter]]
*[[Psalter of Robert de Lindesey]]
*[[Ramsey Psalter]]
*[[Psalter of St. Louis]]
*[[Luttrell Psalter]]
*[[Gorleston Psalter]]
*[[Macclesfield Psalter]]
*[[De Lisle Psalter]]
*[[Queen Mary Psalter]]
*[[St. Omer Psalter]]
*[[Psalter of Henry VIII]]
*[[Tomich Psalter]]
*[[Psalter of Bonne de Luxembourg]]
*[[Tickhill Psalter]]
*[[Ormesby Psalter]]
*[[Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry|Psalter of Jean, Duc de Berry]]
*[[Vienna Bohun Psalter]]
*[[Kiev Psalter of 1397]]
*[http://www.abdn.ac.uk/diss/historic/collects/bps/ Burnet Psalter]
*[[Sofia Psalter]]
*[[St. John's Bible]]- Psalms, 2007
'''Printed Psalters'''
*[[Psalterium Romanum]], 1457 [Mainz], [[Johann Fust]] and [[Peter Schöffer]]. The first printed psalter. <ref> Margaret Stillwell, '''The Beginning of the World of Books: 1450 to 1470''', New York, 1972, no. 18. </ref>
*[[Psalterium Benedictinum]], 1459 [Mainz], [[Johann Fust]] and [[Peter Schöffer]]. The second printed psalter. <ref> Margaret Stillwell, '''The Beginning of the World of Books: 1450 to 1470''', New York, 1972, no. 27. </ref>
*[[Geneva Psalter]], 1562
*[[Davids' Psalter]], 1579
*[[Scottish Psalter]],1635 and 1650
*[[Bay Psalm Book]], 1640
*[[Grail, The Psalms]], 1963, 1993
*[[ICEL Psalter]], 1995
[[New England Psalter]]
==See also==
*[[Metrical psalter]]
*[[Book of Hours]]
*[[Latin Psalters]]
[[Category:Types of illuminated manuscript]]
[[Category:Psalters| ]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox liturgical books]]
[[be:Псалтыр]]
[[cs:Žaltář]]
[[de:Psalter (Textbuch)]]
[[it:Salterio (liturgia)]]
[[pt:Saltério (Bíblia)]]
[[ru:Псалтирь]]
[[sv:Psalterium (bönbok)]]