Psychedelic plants
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2008-06-19T03:12:27Z
WriterHound
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/* Cannabis */ copyedit
{{expert}}
[[Image:Salvia_divinorum_-_Herba_de_Maria.jpg|thumb|220px|right|''[[Salvia divinorum]],'' a psychedelic sage ]]
'''Psychedelic plants''' are plants that contain [[psychedelic drugs]]. Some of them have been used for thousands of years for religious purposes.
==Cannabis==
[[Image:Cannabis flowering.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Cannabis plant]]
{{Main article|Cannabis (drug)}}
Cannabis (Marijuana) is a popular psychedelic plant. Cannabis is also unique in that it contains a psychedelic substance, [[THC]], which contains no nitrogen and is not an [[indole]], [[phenethylamine]], [[anticholinergic]] (deliriant), or a disassociative drug. It is the weakest of the psychedelics but can produce vivid illusions at higher doses, similar to a low dose of a classic psychedelic such as psilocybin or LSD. Currently, certain universities and research firms are studying the medicinal effects of cannabis. Many US states such as California and many countries have created a [[Medical Cannabis]] law to allow patients to use cannabis as (among other things) a pain killer and appetite stimulant.
==Plants containing psychedelic tryptamines==
[[Image:Dimethyltryptamine.svg|thumb|220px|right|[[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] Molecule in 2D]]
[[Image:Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png|thumb|220px|right|DMT Molecule in 3D]]
Many of the psychedelic plants contain dimethyltryptamine ([[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]]), which is either snorted (Virola, Yopo snuffs), smoked, or drunk with MAOIs ([[Ayahuasca]]). It can not simply be eaten, and it needs to be extremely concentrated to be smokable, since the user needs to smoke all of it in a minute or else tolerance builds rapidly.
''[[Acanthaceae]]'':
*''[[Fittonia albivenis]]'', a common ornamental plant from South America. The plant has unknown compounds, that reportedly cause "visions of eyeballs." It is also useful in the treatment of headaches, etc.
*''[[Justicia pectoralis]]'', DMT in leaves<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html
|title=Ayahuasca Analogues
|publisher=www.serendipity.li
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
''[[Aceraceae]]'':
*''[[Acer saccharinum]]'' (Silver Maple Tree) was found to contain the indole alkaloid [[gramine]] (not active and extremely toxic) 0.05% in the leaves, so it is possible that other members of this plant family contain active compounds.<ref>[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/joceah/1959/24/i09/f-pdf/f_jo01091a032.pdf?sessid=6006l3 IJ PACHTER, DE ZACHARIAS, O RIBEIRO - The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1959 -]</ref>
''[[Aizoaceae]]'':
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma acuminatum]]''</center> || style="width:500px"| DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">[http://www.entheogen.com/component/option,com_docman/task,doc_download/gid,6/Itemid,42/ Trouts Notes on Sacred Cacti]</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Delosperma cooperi1.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Delosperma cooperi]]''</center> ||DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma ecklonis]]''</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma esterhuyseniae]]''</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma hallii]]''</center> ||5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma harazianum]]''</center> ||DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''Delosperma harazianum'' <br>Shibam</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma hirtum]]''</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''Delosperma hallii <br>aff. litorale''
|-
|<center>[[Image:M. Delosperma lydenbergense flower.JPG|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Delosperma lydenbergense]]''</center> ||DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Delosperma nubigenum.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Delosperma nubigenum]]''</center> ||5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma pageanum]]''</center> ||DMT, 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma pergamentaceum]]''</center> ||Traces of DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|-
|<center>''[[Delosperma tradescantioides]]''</center> ||DMT<ref name="sacred">.</ref>
|}
''[[Apocynaceae]]'' family:
*''[[Prestonia amazonica]]'': DMT<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://paranoia.lycaeum.org/psychedelics/tryptamines/dmt.info
|title=Profiles of Psychedelic Drugs
|publisher=paranoia.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-04-19
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
*''[[Voacanga africana]]'': [[Iboga alkaloids]]
''[[Fabaceae]]'' family (Leguminosae):
''[[Caesalpinioideae]]'' (subfamily of Fabaceae) :
*''[http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/texhtml.cgi?form=speciesfacts&genus=Petalostylis&species=cassioides Petalostylis cassioides]'': 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems<ref name="bluezoo">[http://bluezoo.org/tryptamines/plants.html Bluezoo Tryptamines]</ref>
*''[http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/texhtml.cgi?form=speciesfacts&genus=Petalostylis&species=labicheoides Petalostylis labicheoides]'', Tryptamines in leaves and stems, MAO's up to 0.5%<ref name="dmt-nexus">[http://www.dmt-nexus.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?t=26 Plants Containing DMT]</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia acuminata]]''</center> || Up to 1.5% alkaloids, mainly consisting of [[tryptamine]] in leaf<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15928
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia acuminata
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Alpina mueller.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia alpina]]'' || Active principles in leaf<ref name="shaman">[http://shaman-australis.com.au/shop/index.php?cPath=21_26_72 Shaman Australis]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia angustissima usgs.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia angustissima]]''</center> || β-methyl-phenethylamine<ref name="dict">{{cite book
| last = Glasby
| first = John Stephen
| authorlink =
| title = Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA2&ots=e5Swnj0FN9&dq=acacia+alkaloids&sig=ph1WfGlPnw5YMc3SReh2P5li2ls
| publisher = [[CRC Press]]
| series =
| year = 1991
| doi =
| pages = 2
| isbn = 0850664233 }}</ref>, NMT and DMT in leaf (1.1-10.2 ppm)<ref>[http://www.cababstractsplus.org/google/abstract.asp?AcNo=20053115691 English Title: Nutritive value assessment of the tropical shrub legume Acacia angustissima: anti-nutritional compounds and in vitro digestibility.]
Personal Authors: McSweeney, C. S., Krause, D. O., Palmer, B., Gough, J., Conlan, L. L., Hegarty, M. P.
Author Affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Long Pocket Laboratories, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia.
Document Title: Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005 (Vol. 121) (No. 1/2) 175-190</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-aroma.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia aroma]]''</center> || Tryptamine alkaloids.<ref>[http://www.maya-ethnobotanicals.com/product_info.phtml/herbid_340/category_ayahuasca Maya Ethnobotanicals]</ref> Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds.<ref name="herbarium">[http://herbarium.0-700.pl/Akacje.html Acacia (Polish)]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 031013 8001 acacia auriculiformis.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia auriculiformis]]''</center> || 5-MeO-DMT in stem bark<ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15931 Lycaeum]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia baileyana.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Cootamundra wattle|Acacia baileyana]]''
| 0.02% tryptamine and [[carboline|β-carbolines]], in the leaf, Tetrahydro[[harman]]<ref name="shaman">.</ref><ref name="seren">[http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html www.serendipity.com]</ref><ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia beauverdiana]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood">[http://www.bushfood.net/viewtopic.php?p=3443 www.bushfood.net]</ref> Ash used in [[Pituri]].<ref name="enth">[http://www.entheology.org/edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=47 Duboisia hopwoodii - Pituri Bush - Solanaceae - Central America]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-berlandieri-flowers4.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia berlandieri]]'' || DMT, [[amphetamines]], [[mescaline]], [[nicotine]]<ref>[http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/acacia.htm Ask Dr. Shulgin Online: Acacias and Natural Amphetamine]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Koeh-003.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia catechu]]'' || DMT<ref name="sacred">[http://www.sacredelixirs.com/sacredelixirs-talks.htm Sacred Elixirs]</ref> and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acaciacaven29b.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia caven]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk">Index of Rätsch, Christian. Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen, Botanik, Ethnopharmakologie und Anwendungen, 7. Auflage. AT Verlag, 2004, 941 Seiten. ISBN 3855025703 at [http://www.deutschesfachbuch.de/info/detail.php?isbn=3855025703&part=4&word=] {{Languageicon|de|German}}</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia chundra]]''</center> || DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia colei]]''</center> || DMT<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/science/k2/stn/q&a/notes/051027-9.htm www.abc.net.au]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia complanata]]''</center> || 0.3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine<ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/comphy.html Acacia Complanata Phytochemical Studies]</ref><ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/entheo.html Lycaeum -- Acacias and Entheogens]</ref><ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15796 Lycaeum]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 050107 2872 acacia confusa.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia confusa]]'' </center> || DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0.04% NMT and 0.02% DMT in stem.<ref name="shaman">.</ref> Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine [[N-oxide]]<ref>[http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/mrc.1959 NMR spectral assignments of a new chlorotryptamine alkaloid and its analogues from Acacia confusa]
Malcolm S. Buchanan, Anthony R. Carroll, David Pass, Ronald J. Quinn
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry
Volume 45, Issue 4 , Pages359 - 361.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:A-cornigera.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia cornigera]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk"/> Tryptamines<ref name="fachforum">[http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:XL1yXM2FygQJ:www.naturheilpraxis.de/exclusiv/nh-online/2005/nhp05/a_nh-ff02.html+%22Acacia+farnesiana%22+tryptamine+-wikipedia&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=10&gl=us Naturheilpraxis Fachforum (German)]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia cultriformis leaves.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia cultriformis]]''</center> || Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem<ref name="shaman" /> and seeds.<ref name="herbarium" /> Phenethylamine in leaf and seeds<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia cuthbertsonii]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-decurrens2.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia decurrens]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk" /> but less than 0.02% alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie">[http://books.google.com/books?id=YpnboQBbw7EC&pg=PA336&lpg=PA336&dq=acacia+tryptamine&source=web&ots=0u_bIQPwCN&sig=Q1e_NiyQSMsv0gNT0gMjOrgTseM Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen By Robert Hegnauer]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia delibrata]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia falcata]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="bushfood" /> but less than 0.02% alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
|<center>[[Image:Acaciafarnesiana1web.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia farnesiana]]''</center> || Traces of 5-MeO-DMT<ref>[http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15965 Lycaeum]</ref> in fruit. β-methyl-phenethylamine, flower.<ref name="drduke2">[http://www.ars-grin.gov/duke/plants.html Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases]</ref> Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass.<ref>[http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/AFT/03-024.pdf Wattle Seed Workshop Proceedings 12 March 2002, Canberra March 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/024, RIRDC Project No WS012-06]</ref> Alkaloids are present in the bark<ref>[http://www.bpi.da.gov.ph/Publications/mp/pdf/a/aroma.pdf www.bpi.da.gov.ph]</ref> and leaves.<ref>[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_farnesiana.html Purdue University]</ref> Amphetamines and mescaline also found in tree.<ref name="fachforum" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia floribunda]]''</center> || Tryptamine, phenethylamine,<ref name="tax">{{cite book
| last = Hegnauer
| first = Robert
| authorlink =
| title = Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=9fDv1RYqIRkC&dq=chemotaxonomie+der+pflanzen&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=kkne5dmPiX&sig=iprrFOkR3ClREUcAyMORs0lGjdY#PPA290,M1
| publisher = Springer
| series =
| year = 1994
| doi =
| pages = 500
| isbn = 3764329793 }}</ref> in flowers<ref name="herbarium" /> other tryptamines,<ref name="bluelight">[http://www.bluelight.ru/vb/showthread.php?t=56090 www.bluelight.ru]</ref> phenethylamines<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=16001
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia floribunda
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia georginae]]''</center> || Psychoactive,<ref name="enzyk" /> plus deadly toxins
|-
|<center>[[Image:Acacia-horrida.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia horrida]]''</center></center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:A.Implexa.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia implexa]]''</center></center> || Psychoactive<ref name="magis">[http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/index.php?title=Lista_%c3%b6ver_hallucinogena_v%c3%a4xter,_svampar_och_djur wiki.magiskamolekyler.org (Swedish)]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia jurema]]''</center> || DMT, NMT
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia karroo2.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia karroo]]''</center> || Psychoactive
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia laeta]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-longifolia-branch.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia longifolia]]''</center> || 0.2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers,<ref name="tax" /> 0.2% DMT in plant.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://leda.lycaeum.org/?ID=15799
|title=Lycaeum > Leda > Acacia longifolia
|publisher=leda.lycaeum.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}</ref> Histamine alkaloids.<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
| <center>''Acacia longifolia''</center><center> var. ''sophorae''</center> || Tryptamine in leaves, bark<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia macradenia]]''</center> || Tryptamine<ref name="herbarium" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia maidenii.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia maidenii]]''</center> || 0.6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia mangium leaf and pods.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia mangium]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia melanoxylon branch.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia melanoxylon]]''</center> || DMT, in the bark and leaf,<ref>[http://extentech.sheetster.com/knowledgebase/wiki_search.jsp?search=acacia extentech.sheetster.com ]</ref> but less than 0.02% total alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie" />
|-
|<center>[[Image:600px-Acacia mellifera 3D-Modell.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia mellifera]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-nilotica.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia nilotica]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| [[ Acacia nilotica subsp. adstringens|<center>''Acacia nilotica'' </center><center>subsp. ''adstringens''</center> ]] || Psychoactive, DMT in the leaf
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia obtusifolia]]''</center> || Tryptamine,<ref name="bluelight" /> DMT, NMT, other tryptamines,<ref name="magis">[http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/Lista_över_hallucinogena_växter,_svampar_och_djur wiki.magiskamolekyler.org (Swedish)]</ref> 0.4-0.5% in dried bark, 0.07% in branch tips.<ref>[http://users.lycaeum.org/~mulga/acacia/obtuphy.html Acacia obtusifolia Phytochemical Studies]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia oerfota]]''</center> || Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,<ref>[http://www.drogen-forum.com/wiki/index.php/DMT-haltige_Pflanzen Plants Containing DMT (German)]</ref><ref name="seren" /> NMT
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia penninervis]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="bushfood" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia phlebophylla.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia phlebophylla]]''</center> || 0.3% DMT in leaf, NMT<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Starr 020911 0004 acacia podalyriifolia.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia podalyriaefolia]]''</center> || Tryptamine in the leaf,<ref name="shaman" /> 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts<ref name="tax" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia polycantha.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia polyacantha]]''</center> || DMT in leaf<ref name="shaman" /> and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
|-
| <center>''Acacia polyacantha'' </center><center>ssp. ''campylacantha''</center> || Less than 0.2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hortipedia.org/de/index.php?title=Acacia_campylacantha
|title=Acacia campylacantha - Hortipedia
|publisher=www.hortipedia.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia rigidula.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia rigidula]]''</center> || DMT, NMT, tryptamine, traces of amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and others<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://wiki.magiskamolekyler.org/Acacia_rigidula
|title=Acacia rigidula - Magiska Molekylers Wiki
|publisher=wiki.magiskamolekyler.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia sassa]]''</center> || Psychoactive<ref name="enzyk"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia-schaffneri-seed-pods.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia schaffneri]]''</center> || β-methyl-phenethylamine, [[Phenethylamine]]<ref name="chem">[http://uvalde.tamu.edu/pdf/chemtdaf.pdf Chemistry of Acacias from South Texas]</ref> Amphetamines and mescaline also found.<ref name="fachforum" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Koeh-004.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia senegal]]''</center> || Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf,<ref name="shaman" /> NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant,<ref name="drduke2" /> DMT in bark.<ref name="herbarium">
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia seyal]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf.<ref name="shaman" /> Ether extracts about 1-7% of the dried leaf mass.<ref>[http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/AFT/03-024.pdf Wattle Seed Workshop Proceedings 12 March 2002, Canberra March 2003 RIRDC Publication No 03/024, RIRDC Project No WS012-06]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Img00522-A-sieberiana.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia sieberiana]]''</center> || DMT, in the leaf<ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia simplex.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia simplex]]''</center>
|| DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0.81% DMT in bark, MMT<ref>[http://www.factorey.ch/Eins.htm Arbeitsstelle für praktische Biologie (APB)]</ref><ref name="shaman" />
|-
| <center>[[Image:Eat267.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Acacia tortilis]]''</center> || DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines<ref name="magis" />
|-
| <center>''[[Acacia vestita]]''</center> || Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem,<ref name="shaman"/> but less than 0.02% total alkaloids<ref name="chemotaxonomie"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Acacia victoriae.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Acacia victoriae]]''</center> || Tryptamines<ref name="bluelight" />, 5-MeO-alkyltryptamine<ref name="herbarium"/>
|}
'''List of Acacia Species Having Little or No Alkaloids in the Material Sampled:<ref name="chemotaxonomie"/>'''
0% <math>\le</math> C <math>\le</math> 0.02%, C...Concentration of Alkaloids [%]
{|
|- valign=top
|
*''[[Acacia acinacea]]''
*''[[Acacia baileyana]]''
*''[[Acacia decurrens]]''
*''[[Acacia dealbata]]''
*''[[Acacia mearnsii]]''
*''[[Acacia drummondii]]''
*''[[Acacia elata]]''
*''[[Acacia falcata]]''
*''[[Acacia leprosa]]''
|
*''[[Acacia linearis]]''
*''[[Acacia melanoxylon]]''
*''[[Acacia pycnantha]]''
*''[[Acacia retinodes]]''
*''[[Acacia saligna]]''
*''[[Acacia stricta]]''
*''[[Acacia verticillata]]''
*''[[Acacia vestita]]''
|}
*''[[Albizia inundata]]'' leaves contain DMT.<ref name="enzyk"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>[[Image:Anadenanthera_colubrina.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Anadenanthera colubrina]]''</center> ||
*[[Bufotenin]], Beans<ref name="uno">[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1965-01-01_2_page006.html?print=yes UNO]</ref><ref name="drduke">[http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=71 Dr. Duke's] Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases</ref>
*Bufotenin oxide, Beans<ref name="uno" />
*N,N-[[Dimethyltryptamine]], Beans,<ref name="drduke">.</ref><ref name="uno">.</ref> pods<ref name="uno">.</ref>
*N,N-[[Dimethyltryptamine]] oxide, Beans<ref name="uno">.</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil]]''</center> || [[Bufotenin]] and [[Dimethyltryptamine]] have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, [[5-MeO-DMT]] from the bark of the stems.<ref name="herbo">[http://www.herbotecnia.com.ar/aut-curupay.html Herbotechnica (Spanish)]</ref> The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% [[dimethyltryptamine|DMT]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.erowid.org/archive/sonoran_desert_toad/ott.htm
|title=Bufo alvarius - Jonathan Ott on Bufotenine
|publisher=www.erowid.org
|accessdate=2008-02-23
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Anadenanthera peregrina.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Anadenanthera peregrina]]''</center> ||
*1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-[[beta-carboline]], Plant<ref name="drduke">[http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=72 Dr. Duke's] Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases</ref>
*1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-beta-carboline, Plant<ref name="drduke" />
*[[5-MeO-DMT|5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine]], Bark<ref name="drduke" />
*5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, Bark<ref name="drduke" />
*[[Bufotenin]], Plant,<ref name="drduke" /> beans<ref name="uno">[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1965-01-01_2_page006.html?print=yes UNO]</ref>
*[[Bufotenin]] [[N-oxide]], Fruit<ref name="drduke" />, beans<ref name="uno" />
*N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-oxide, Fruit<ref name="drduke" /><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ec5hNgYWHtkC&pg=RA2-PA313&lpg=RA2-PA313&dq=%22dmt+n+oxide%22&source=web&ots=BqP13bWy2d&sig=YDxzS2LNTLuBTLU8F3bPdEX0oWY Psychedelics Encyclopedia By Peter G. Stafford, p. 313.]</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina]]''</center> ||
[[Bufotenine]] is in the seeds.<ref name="pubmed">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11718320&dopt=Citation PubMed]</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Fern1.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmanthus illinoensis]]''</center> || 0% - 0.34% DMT in root bark, highly variable.<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/ayahuasca_apa/aya_sec3_part2_desmanthus.shtml Desmanthus (Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs)]</ref> Also [[NMT]], N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and [[gramine]] (toxic).<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Mimosa+somnians%22&source=web&ots=5KzgBm6X_5&sig=Rh_GpZxz_cB0AX73SDgeIpkvl84&hl=en#PPA199,M1
|title=Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-05-08
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Desmanthus_leptolobus_drawing.jpeg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmanthus leptolobus]]''</center> || 0.14% DMT in root bark, more reliable than D. illinoensis<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/ayahuasca_apa/aya_sec3_part2_desmanthus.shtml Desmanthus (Ayahuasca: alkaloids, plants & analogs)]</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium caudatum]]''<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?311307
|title=Desmodium caudatum information from NPGS/GRIN
|publisher=www.ars-grin.gov
|accessdate=2008-05-02
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref></center><center>(syn. ''Ohwia caudata'' )</center> || Roots: 0.087% DMT,<ref name="trout-desmodium">[http://trout.yage.net/sc/D2_2004_Trout.pdf Trout's Notes on Desmodium]</ref> Bufotenine-N-oxide 0.03%
|-
| <center>[[Image:Desmodium gangeticum.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmodium gangeticum]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, whole plant, roots, stems, leaves<ref name="hoasca">{{cite web
|url=http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html
|title=Ayahuasca Analogues
|publisher=www.serendipity.li
|accessdate=2008-04-28
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium intortum]]''</center> || Bufotentine, DMT<ref>[http://www.crcsalinity.com/documents/key_publications/Pharma-neutra%20bull%20final.pdf Pharmaceutical-Neutraceutical Bulletin, Final]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Codariocalyx motorius Taub39.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Codariocalyx motorius]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Desmodium gyrans'')</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, leaves, roots<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>''[[Desmodium racemosum]]''</center> || 5-MEO-DMT<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Desmodium triflorum.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Desmodium triflorum]]''</center> || 0.0004% DMT-N-oxide, roots,<ref name="trout-desmodium"/> less in stems<ref name="trout-desmodium"/> and trace in leaves.<ref name="trout-desmodium"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Lespedeza capitata habit.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Lespedeza capitata]]''</center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:Lespedeza ja02.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Lespedeza bicolor]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and roots<ref name="tryptamine-faq">.</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica]]''</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and root bark<ref name="hoasca">.</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Mimosa ophthalmocentra]]''</center> || Dried root: DMT 1.6%, NMT 0.0012% and hordenine 0.0065%<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a714019539~db=all
|title=Isolation and Identification of Putative Hallucinogenic Constituents from the Roots of Mimosa ophthalmocentra - Pharmaceutical Biology
|publisher=www.informaworld.com
|accessdate=2008-04-20
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mimosa-scabrella.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mimosa scabrella]]''</center> || Tryptamine, NMT, DMT and N-methyltetrahydrocarboline in bark<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bUV8C6iLFkEC&pg=PA236&lpg=PA236&dq=%22Mimosa+somnians%22&source=web&ots=5KzgBm6X_5&sig=Rh_GpZxz_cB0AX73SDgeIpkvl84&hl=en#PPA208,M1
|title=Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-05-07
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Mimosa somnians]]''</center> || Trytamines and MMT
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mimosa Hostilis.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mimosa tenuiflora]]''</center><center>(syn. "Mimosa hostilis")</center> || 0.31-0.57% [[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] (dry root bark).<ref>[http://www.erowid.org/ask/ask.php?ID=75 Ask Erowid ID 75]</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Mimosa verrucosa]]''</center> || DMT<ref name="unodc2">
{{cite web
| url = http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1969-01-01_4_page004.html
| title = UNODC Bulletin on Narcotics 1969
}}</ref> in root bark
|-
| <center>[[Image:Mucuna-pruriens-fruit.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Mucuna pruriens]]''</center> || "The leaves, seeds, stems and roots contain L-Dopa, Serotonin, 5-HTP, and Nicotine, as well as N,N-DMT, Bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT."<ref>Erowid entry(2002), [http://www.erowid.org/plants/mucuna_pruriens/]</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Petalostylis casseoides]]''</center> || 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stems<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Petalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides]]''</center> || DMT in leaves and stems<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Phyllodium pulchellum]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Desmodium pulchellum'')</center> || 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/> DMT (dominates in seedlings and young plants), 5-MEO-DMT (dominates in mature plant), whole plant, roots, stems, leaves, flowers<ref name="hoasca"/>
|}
Family Fabaceae:
''[[Erythrina flabelliformis]]'', other ''[[Erythrina]]'' species, seeds contain the alkaloids [[Erysodin]] and [[Erysovin]]<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/erythrina_flabelliformis.html
|title=Kalifornischer Korallenstrauch (Erythrina decora) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
''[[Lauraceae]]'':
*''[[Nectandra megapotamica]]'', NMT<ref name="dmt-nexus">[http://www.dmt-nexus.com/phpBB2/viewtopic.php?p=1828&sid=907c4141f55f0ecd5275b5ae22893feb Plants Containing DMT List]</ref>
''[[Malpighiaceae]]'' family:
*''[[Diplopterys cabrerana]]'': DMT 0.17-1.74%, average of 0.47% DMT<ref>[http://www.psychonaut.com/index.php?Itemid=11&option=com_forum&page=viewtopic&t=25189&lang=nl DMT Plants List]</ref>
''[[Myristicaceae]]'' (Nutmeg family):
*''[[Horsfieldia superba]]'': 5-MeO-DMT<ref name="tryptamine-faq">.</ref> and beta-carbolines<ref name="bluezoo">.</ref>
*''[[Iryanthera macrophylla]]'': 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
*''[[Iryanthera ulei]]'': 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
*''[[Osteophloem platyspermum]]'': DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
*''[[Virola]]'' genus; for example:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| ''[[Virola calophylla]]'' || Leaves 0.149% DMT, leaves 0.006% MMT<ref name="hoasca"/> 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=1065
|title=Species Information
|publisher=sun.ars-grin.gov
|accessdate=2008-04-11
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| ''[[Virola callophylloidea]]'' || DMT
|-
| ''[[Virola carinata]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola cuspidata]]'' || DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola divergens]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Virola-theiodora-1860.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Virola elongata]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Virola theiodora'')</center> || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark, roots, leaves and flowers<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola melinonii]]'' || DMT in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola multinervia]]'' || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark and roots<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola pavonis]]'' || DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola peruviana]]'' || 5-MEO-DMT, traces of DMT and 5-MeO-tryptamine in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola rufula]]'' || Alkaloids in bark and root, 95% of which is MeO-DMT<ref name="tryptamines.com">[http://www.tryptamines.com/ www.tryptamines.com]</ref> 0.190% 5-MeO-DMT in bark,<ref name="hoasca"/> 0.135% 5-MeO-DMT in root, 0.092% DMT in leaves.<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola sebifera]]'' || The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.<ref name="emea">[http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/060499en.pdf COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS VIROLA SEBIFERA SUMMARY REPORT]</ref>
|-
| ''[[Virola surinamensis]]'' || DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/> in bark<ref name="hoasca"/>
|-
| ''[[Virola venosa]]'' || DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in roots, leaves<ref name="hoasca"/> DMT
|}
''[[Ochnaceae]]'':
*''[[Testulea gabonensis]]'': 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT,<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/> DMT in bark and root bark<ref name="hoasca"/>, NMT
''[[Ochnaceae]]'':
Genus ''[[Pandanus]]'' (Screw Pine): DMT in nuts<ref name="tryptamine-faq"/>
''[[Poaceae]]'' family (Gramineae):
Some Graminae (grass) species contain [[gramine]], which can cause brain damage, other organ damage, [[central nervous system]] damage and death in sheep.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&id=eASgQyXq8xMC&oi=fnd&pg=PA169&dq=%22mimosa+hostilis%22+dimethyltryptamine&ots=pe6oz-oODM&sig=D6kaAQYmEqSOkJ4kkztPcm2K10I#PPA171,M1
|title=Toxicants of Plant Origin - Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-04-20
|last=
|first=
}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| '''Species''' || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Arundo.donax1web.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Arundo donax]]''</center> || <center>0.0057% DMT in dried rhizome, no stem, 0.026% bufotenine, 0.0023% 5-MeO-MMT<ref name="erowid1">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/arundo_donax/arundo_donax_info1.shtml Erowid Arundo Donax Info Page 1]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Phalaris aquatica.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phalaris aquatica]]''</center> || <center>0.0007-0.18% Total alkaloids,<ref name="lycaeum" /> 0.100% DMT,<ref name="erowid">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/phalaris/phalaris_faq.shtml Erowid Phalaris FAQ]</ref> 0.022% 5-MeO-DMT,<ref name="erowid" />0.005% 5-OH-DMT<ref name="erowid" /></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Rietgras bloeiwijze Phalaris arundinacea.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]''</center> || <center>0.0004-0.121% Total alkaloids<ref name="lycaeum">[http://nepenthes.lycaeum.org/Plants/Phalaris/DMTLU.html Lycaeum]</ref></center>
|-
| <center>''[[Phalaris brachystachys]]'' </center>|| <center>Aerial parts up to 3% total alkaloids, DMT present{{Fact|date=September 2007}}</center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Phragmites australis Schilfrohr.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Phragmites australis]]''</center> || <center>DMT in roots<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|}
None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in ''[[Phalaris californica]]'', ''[[Phalaris canariensis]]'', ''[[Phalaris minor]]'' and hybrids of ''P. arundinacea'' together with ''P. aquatica''.<ref name="lycaeum" />
''[[Polygonaceae]]'':
*''[[Erigonum]]'' sp.: DMT<ref name="hoasca">.</ref>
''[[Punicaceae]]'':
*''[[Punica granatum]]'' "DMT in root cortex;"<ref name="dmt-nexus">.</ref> The dried stem and root bark of the tree contain about 0.4-0.9% alkaloids.<ref>[http://www.herbdatanz.com/pomeganate.htm Pomegranate (Herbdata New Zealand)]</ref>
''[[Rubiaceae]]'' family:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>'''Species'''</center> || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria carthagenensis]]''</center> ||<center>0.2% average DMT in dried leaves<ref name="hoasca">.</ref></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria expansa]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus">.</ref></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria forsteriana]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria insularum]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Psychotria poeppigiana.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Psychotria poeppigiana]]'' [http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Psychotria+poeppigiana]</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria rostrata]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus"/></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Psychotria rufipilis]]''</center> ||<center>DMT<ref name="dmt-nexus">.</ref></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Psychotria viridis.gif|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Psychotria viridis]]''</center> || <center>DMT 0.1-0.61% dried mass.<ref>[http://www.amazing-nature.com/-i-36.html?osCsid=38ad41e62a454589a0afd2d17ae0fa40 Amazing Nature]</ref></center>
|}
''[[Rutaceae]]'' family:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>'''Species'''</center> || <center>'''Alkaloids (Dried)'''</center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Dictyoloma incanescens.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Dictyoloma incanescens]]''</center>||<center>5-MeO-DMT in leaves,<ref name="hoasca"/><ref name="tryptamines.com"/> 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref name="tryptamine-faq">[http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/faqs/faqs_tryptamine.shtml Erowid Tryptamine FAQ]</ref> </center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Dutaillyea drupacea]]''</center>||<center> > 0.4 % 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/><ref name="magis"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Dutaillyea oreophila]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Rutaceae sp SZ21.png|250px]]</center><center>''[[Tetradium ruticarpum]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Evodia rutaecarpa'')</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves,<ref name="hoasca"/> fruit and roots</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Limonia acidissima]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in stems<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Melicope leptococca]]''</center>||<center> 0.2% total alkaloids, 0.07% 5-MeO-DMT; 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and stems,<ref name="hoasca">.</ref> also "5-MeO-DMT-Oxide and a beta-carboline"<ref name="bluezoo">.</ref></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Pilocarpus organensis]]''</center>||<center> 5-MeO-DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Vepris ampody]]''</center>||<center> Up to 0.2% DMT in leaves and branches<ref name="hoasca"/><ref name="tryptamine-faq"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Zanthoxylum arborescens]]''</center>||<center>DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Zanthoxylum procerum]]''</center>||<center>DMT in leaves<ref name="hoasca"/></center>
|}
''[[Urticaceae]]'':
*''[[Urtica pilulifera]]'': Bufotenin<ref name="dmt-nexus"/>
==Other Indoles==
''[[Acoraceae]]'':
*''[[Acorus calamus]]'', [[asarone]]
===Mescaline===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>'''Species'''</center> || <center>'''Alkaloid Content (Fresh)'''</center> ||<center>'''Alkaloid Content (Dried)'''</center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:T bridgesii flower 05 JPG.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis lageniformis]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus bridgesii'')</center> || <center> [[Mescaline]] > 0.025%,<ref name="the nook">http://www.thenook.org/archives/tek/alklist.htm</ref> also 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine < 1%, 3-methoxytyramine < 1%, tyramine < 1%</center> ||<center>2%<ref>[http://www.a1b2c3.com/drugs/var014.htm Trichocereus]</ref></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Echinopsis-pachanoi-close-up.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis pachanoi]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus pachanoi'')</center> || <center>Mescaline 0.006-0.12%, 0.05% Average<ref name="netfirms" /></center> || <center>Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%<ref name="netfirms" /></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Lightmatter cactusflower.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis spachiana]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus spachianus'')</center> || <center>Mescaline<ref name="mesc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/botany.htm# Visionary Cactus Guide]</ref></center></center> || <center>Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Peyote Cactus.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Lophophora williamsii]]''</center><center>(Peyote)<center> || <center>0.4% Mescaline<ref name="guide">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/cacti/cacti_guide/cacti_guide_lophopho.shtml Erowid]</ref></center> || <center>3-6% Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Opuntia acanthocarpa.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Opuntia acanthocarpa]]''</center> || <center>Mescaline<ref name="mesc">[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/opuntia.htm Lycaeum]</ref></center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:Opuntia basilaris form.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Opuntia basilaris]]''</center> || <center>Mescaline 0.01%, plus 4-hydroxy-3-5<br>-dimethoxyphenethylamine<ref name="mesc"/></center> ||
|-
| <center>''[[Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Opuntia cylindrica'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Opuntia_cylindrica.html ''Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica'' (http://www.desert-tropicals.com) ]</ref></center> || <center>Mescaline<ref name="mesc"/></center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:Cylindropuntia echinocarpa 2.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Cylindropuntia echinocarpa]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Opuntia echinocarpa'')</center> || <center>Mescaline 0.01%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%<ref name="mesc"/></center> ||
|-
| <center>''[[Cylindropuntia spinosior]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Opuntia spinosior'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Opuntia_spinosior.html ''Cylindropuntia spinosior'' (www.desert-tropicals.com)]</ref></center> || <center>Mescaline 0.00004%, 3-methoxytyramine 0.001%, tyramine 0.002%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.<ref name="mesc"/></center> ||
|-
| <center>[[Image:E.macrogona.png|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis macrogona]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus macrogonus'')</center>|| <center> > 0.01-0.05% Mescaline<ref name="nook2">[http://www.thenook.org/archives/tek/alklist.htm Partial List of Alkaloids in Trichocereus Cacti]</ref></center> || <center></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:KK242 Vs Standard Peruvian Torch.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis peruviana]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus peruvianus'')</center>|| <center>Mescaline 0.0005%-0.12%<ref name="netfirms">[http://entheogen.netfirms.com/articles/articles/Narcotic_Cacti.html Forbidden Fruit Archives]</ref></center> ||<center>Mescaline</center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Echinopsis tacaquirensis]]''</center><center>subsp. ''taquimbalensis''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus taquimbalensis'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Echinopsis_taquimb.html Echinopsis tacaquirensis ssp. taquimbalensis]</ref></center>|| <center> > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline<ref name="nook2"/></center> || <center></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Echinopsis terscheckii 5.jpg|250px|]]</center><center>''[[Echinopsis terscheckii]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Trichocereus terscheckii'', ''Trichocereus werdemannianus'')<ref>[http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Cactaceae/Echinopsis_terscheckii.html www.desert-tropicals.com]</ref></center><center><center>|| <center> > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline<ref name="nook2"/></center> || <center>Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%<ref name="netfirms" /></center>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Echinopsis valida]]''</center><center><center>|| <center>0.025% Mescaline<ref name="guide">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/cacti/cacti_guide/cacti_guide_lophopho.shtml Lycaeum]</ref></center> || <center></center>
|}
==Plants containing beta-carbolines==
[[Image:Harmaline.png|thumb|right|200px|[[Harmaline]] ]]
Beta-carbolines are "reversible" MAO-A inhibitors. They are found in some plants used to make [[Ayahuasca]]. In high doses the harmala alkaloids are somewhat hallucinogenic on their own.
''[[Apocynaceae]]'':
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Amsonia tabernaemontana]]'' || style="width:500px"| Harmine
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Aspidosperma exalatum]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">[http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/toxicagents/betacarbolines/bcarbfams.html Angiosperm Families Containing Beta-Carbolines]</ref>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Aspidosperma polyneuron]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Apocynum cannabinum.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Apocynum cannabinum]]''</center> || [[Harmalol]]
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Ochrosia nakaiana]]'' || Harman
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Pleicarpa mutica]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
|}
''[[Bignoniaceae]]'':
*''[[Newbouldia laevis]]'', Harman
''[[Calycanthaceae]]'':
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center>[[Image:Spice Bush Calycanthus occidentalis Leaf 3008px.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Calycanthus occidentalis]]''</center> || style="width:500px"| [[Harmine]]
|}
''[[Chenopodiaceae]]'':
*''[[Hammada leptoclada]]'', Tetrahydroharman, etc.
*''[[Kochia scoparia]]'', Harmine, etc.
''[[Combretaceae]]'':
*''[[Guiera senegalensis]]'', Harman, etc.
''[[Cyperaceae]]'':
*''[[Carex brevicollis]]'', Harmine, etc.
*''[[Carex parva]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
''[[Elaeagnaceae]]'':
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center>[[Image:Elaeagnus angustifolia 20050608 852.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Elaeagnus augustifolia]]''</center> || style="width:500px"| Harman, etc.
|-
|<center>[[Image:Elaeagnus-commutata-total.JPG|250px]]</center><center>''[[Elaeagnus commutata]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Elaeagnus hortensis]]''</center> || Tetrahydroharman, etc.
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Elaeagnus orientalis]]''</center> || Tetrahydroharman
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Elaeagnus spinosa]]''</center> || Tetrahydroharman
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Hippophae rhammoides]]''</center> || Harman, etc.
|-
|<center>[[Image:SilverBuffaloberry-SK..jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Shepherdia argentea]]''</center> || Tetrahydroharmol
|-
|<center>[[Image:Shepherdia canadensis.gif|250px]]</center><center>''[[Shepherdia canadensis]]''</center> || Tetrahydroharmol
|}
''[[Gramineae]]'':
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
| <center>[[Image:Arundo.donax1web.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Arundo donax]]''</center> || style="width:500px"| Tetrahydroharman
|-
| <center>[[Image:Festuca arundinacea.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Festuca arundinacea]]''</center> || Harman, etc.
|-
| <center>[[Image:Lolium.perenne1web.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Lolium perenne]]''<br> (Perennial Ryegrass)</center> || Harman, etc.
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Phalaris aquatica]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Phalaris arundinacea]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
|}
''[[Lauraceae]]'':
*''[[Nectandra megapotamica]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
''[[Leguminosae]]'':
*''[[Acacia baileyana]]'', Tetrahydroharman
*''[[Acacia complanata]]'', Tetrahydroharman, etc.
*''[[Burkea africana]]'', Harman, etc.
*''[[Desmodium gangeticum]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
*''[[Desmodium gyrans]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
*''[[Desmodium pulchellum]]'', Harman, etc.
*''[[Mucuna pruriens]]'', 6-Methoxy-Harman
*''[[Petalostylis labicheoides]]'', Tetrahydroharman; MAO's up to 0.5%<ref name="dmt-nexus">.</ref>
*''[[Prosopis nigra]]'', Harman, etc.
*''Shepherdia pulchellum'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
''[[Loganiaceae]]'':
*''[[Strychnos melinoniana]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Strychnos usambarensis]]'', Harman<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
''[[Malpighiaceae]]'':
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Banisteriopsis argentia]]''</center> || 5-methoxytetrahydroharman, (-)-N(6)-methoxytetrahydroharman, dimethyltryptamine-N(6)-oxide<ref name="dict"/>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Caapi.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Banisteriopsis caapi]]''</center> || [[Harmine]] 0.31-8.43%,<ref>Callaway JC, Brito GS & Neves ES (2005). Phytochemical analyses of Banisteriopsis caapi and Psychotria viridis. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 37(2): 145-150.</ref> [[tetrahydroharmine]], [[telepathine]], [[dihydroshihunine]],<ref name="glasby">[http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA124&lpg=RA1-PA124&dq=erythrina+alkaloids&source=web&ots=e5SBqn4GS7&sig=JdEQoIKcYwAM7N_cTUtCQNhl6Hc John Stephen Glasby, Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites, Published by CRC Press]</ref> 5-MeO-DMT in bark<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/chemdisp.xsql
|title=Chemical Information
|publisher=sun.ars-grin.gov
|accessdate=2008-04-11
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Banisteriopsis inebrians]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Banisteriopsis lutea]]''</center> || Harmine, telepathine<ref name="dict"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Banisteriopsis metallicolor]]''</center> || Harmine, telepathine<ref name="dict"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Banisteriopsis muricata]]''</center> || Harmine up to 6%, harmaline up to 4%, plus DMT<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/banisteriopsis_muricata.html
|title=Silbrige Ayahuasca-Liane (Banisteriopsis muricata) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Diplopterys cabrerana]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Cabi pratensis]]''</center> || Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
|-
| <center></center><center>''[[Callaeum antifebrile]]''</center><center>(syn. ''Cabi paraensis'')</center> || Harmine
|}
''[[Myristicaceae]]'':
*''[[Gymnacranthera paniculata]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Horsfieldia superba]]'': Beta-carbolines<ref name="bluezoo">.</ref>
*''[[Virola cuspidata]]'', 6-Methoxy-Harman
*''[[Virola rufula]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Virola theidora]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
''[[Ochnaceae]]'':
*''[[Testulea gabonensis]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
''[[Palmae]]'':
*''[[Plectocomiopsis geminiflorus]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell"/>
''[[Papaveraceae]]'':
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Meconopsis horridula]]''</center> || style="width:500px"| <center>Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref></center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Meconopsis nepalensis.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Meconopsis napaulensis]]''</center> || <center>Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Meconopsis panuculata]]''</center> || <center>Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Meconopsis robusta]]''</center> || <center>Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref></center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Meconopsis rudis]]''</center> || <center>Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Koeh-101.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Papaver rhoeas]]''</center> || <center>Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref></center>
|}
''Passifloraceae'':
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Passiflora actinea]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Flor_de_maracujá.JPG|250px]]</center><center>''[[Passiflora alata]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Passiflora alba]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Passiflora bryonoides]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:PassifloraCaerulea Bluete von oben.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Passiflora caerulea]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Passiflora capsularis]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Passiflora decaisneana]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Passiflora edulis]]''</center> || <center>Harman, 0-7001 ppm<ref name="drduke2" /> in fruit</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Passiflora eichleriana]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:P.foetida.bloom.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Passiflora foetida]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Photos-photos 1088121309 BeelyBee.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Passiflora incarnata]]''</center><center> (with bee)</center> || Harmine, Harmaline, Harman, etc. 0.03%.<ref name="drugs.com">[http://www.drugs.com/npp/passion-flower.html www.drugs.com]</ref> Alkaloids in rind of fruit 0.25%<ref name="drugs.com">.</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Badea.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Passiflora quadrangularis]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Passiflora ruberosa]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Passiflora subpeltata.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Passiflora subpeltata]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Passiflora warmingii]]''</center> || <center>Harman</center>
|}
''[[Polygonaceae]]'':
*''[[Calligonum minimum]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Leptactinia densiflora]]'', Leptaflorine, etc.
*''[[Ophiorrhiza japonica]]'', Harman
*''[[Pauridiantha callicarpoides]]'', Harman
*''[[Pauridiantha dewevrei]]'', Harman
*''[[Pauridiantha lyalli]]'', Harman
*''[[Pauridiantha viridiflora]]'', Harman
*''[[Simira klugii]]'', Harman
*''[[Simira rubra]]'', Harman
''[[Rubiaceae]]'':
*''[[Borreria verticillata]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Leptactinia densiflora]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Nauclea diderrichii]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Ophiorrhiza japonica]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Pauridiantha callicarpoides]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Pauridiantha dewevrei]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Pauridiantha yalli]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Pauridiantha viridiflora]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Pavetta lanceolata]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Psychotria carthagenensis]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Psychotria viridis]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Simira klugii]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Simira rubra]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Uncaria attenuata]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Uncaria canescens]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Uncaria orientalis]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
''[[Rubiaceae]]'':
''[[Rutaceae]]'' family:
*''[[Tetradium]]'' (syn. ''Evodia'') species: Some contain carbolines
*''[[Melicope leptococca]]'': Beta-carboline<ref name="bluezoo">.</ref>
*''[[Araliopsis tabouensis]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Findersia laevicarpa]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Xanthoxylum rhetsa]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
''[[Sapotaceae]]'':
*''[[Chrysophyllum lacouritianum]]'', Norharman etc.
''[[Simaroubaceae]]'':
*''[[Ailanthus malabarica]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Perriera madagascariensis]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Picrasma ailanthoides]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Picrasma crenata]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Picrasma excelsa]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
*''[[Picrasma javanica]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
''[[Solanaceae]]'':
*''[[Vestia foetida]]'', (Syn V. lycioides) Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
|[[Image:Vestia foetida.jpg|250px|Vestia foetida]]
*''[[Symplocaceae]]'':
*''[[Symplocos racemosa]]'', Harman
''[[Tiliaceae]]'':
*''[[Grewia mollis]]'', Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref>
''[[Zygophyllaceae]]'':
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center>[[Image:Fagonia cretica.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Fagonia cretica]]'' || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Nitraria schoberi]]'' || <center>Beta-carbolines<ref name="cornell">.</ref></center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Peganum harmala1.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Peganum harmala]]''<br> (Syrian Rue)</center> || The seeds contain about 2-6% alkaloids, most of which is [[harmaline]].<ref>[http://www.amazing-nature.com/-i-43.html www.amazing-nature.com]</ref> Peganum harmala is also an [[abortifacient]].
|-
|<center></center><center>''[[Peganum nigellastrum]]''</center> || <center>Harmine<ref> {{cite journal|title=Alkaloids and phenylpropanoids from Peganum nigellastrum|journal=Phytochemistry|date=|first=|last=|coauthors=|volume=|issue=|pages=|id= |url=http://proxify.com/p/011010A1000110/687474703a2f2f7777772e736369656e63656469726563742e636f6d2f736369656e63653f5f6f623d41727469636c6555524c265f7564693d42365448372d343031484747542d3152265f757365723d3130265f72646f633d31265f666d743d265f6f7269673d736561726368265f736f72743d6426766965773d63265f616363743d43303030303530323231265f76657273696f6e3d31265f75726c56657273696f6e3d30265f7573657269643d3130266d64353d6631346535636632633161653335346164393536316232336262646533643236|format=|accessdate=2008-01-12 }}</ref> </center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Tribulus terrestris.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Tribulus terrestris]]'' || <center>Harman</center>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Morsana1.JPG|250px]]</center><center>''[[Zygophyllum fabago]]'' || <center>Harman, harmine</center>
|}
==Other psychedelic plants==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| <center>[[Image:Salvinorin-A_structure.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Salvinorin A]]</center>
| [[Image:Salvia divinorum - Herba de Maria.jpg|150px]]
''[[Salvia divinorum]]''
| Salvinorin A, 0.89-3.87 mg/g, also Salvinorin B and Salvinorin C<ref>[http://www.sagewisdom.org/clones.html Clones of Salvia divinorum]</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Ergine.png|100px]]</center>
<center>[[Ergine]]</center>
|
[[Image:Argyreia_nervosa.jpg|150px]]
''[[Argyreia nervosa]] (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose)''
|Seeds contain high amounts of LSA (also known as d-lysergic acid amide, d-lysergamide, ergine, and LA-111), often 50-150X the amounts found in ''[[Ipomoea violacea]]''.
|-
| <center>[[Image:Ibogaine.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Ibogaine]]</center>
| [[Image:Iboga.jpg|150px]]
''[[Tabernanthe iboga]]''
| Ibogaine in root bark<ref name="ibogaine-tihkal">[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal25.shtml Tihkal]</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Ibogaine.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Ibogaine]]</center>
|
''[[Tabernanthe orientalis]]''
| Ibogaine in root leaves<ref name="ibogaine-tihkal">.</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Ibogaine.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Ibogaine]]</center>
|
''[[Tabernanthe pubescens]]''
| Ibogaine and similar alkaloids<ref name="ibogaine-tihkal">.</ref>
|-
| <center>[[Image:Ibogaine.png|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Ibogaine]]</center>
|
''[[Tabernaemontana]]'' sp.
| Ibogaine<ref name="ibogaine-tihkal">.</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Ibogaine.png|150px]]</center><center>[[Ibogaine]]</center>
| [[Image:Confederate Jasmine, Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides).jpg|150px]]
''[[Trachelospermum jasminoides]]''
|Ibogaine<ref>[http://www.giftpflanzen.com/trachelospermum_jasminoides.html ''Trachelospermum jasminoides'' (www.giftpflanzen.com)]</ref>
|-
|<center>[[Image:Aporphine.svg|100px]]</center>
<center>[[Aporphine]]</center>
| [[Image:Nymphaea_caerulea.jpg|150px]]
''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]''
|Recent studies have shown ''Nymphaea caerulea'' to have psychedelic properties, and may have been used as a sacrament in ancient Egypt and certain ancient South American cultures. Dosages of 5 to 10 grams of the flowers induces slight stimulation, a shift in thought processes, enhanced visual perception, and mild closed-eye visuals. ''Nymphaea caerulea'' is related to, and possesses similar activity as ''[[Nelumbo nucifera]]'', the Sacred Lotus. Both Nymphaea caerulea and Nelumbo nucifera contain the alkaloids [[nuciferine]] and [[apomorphine]], which have been recently isolated by independent labs.{{Fact|date=June 2007}}
These psychoactive effects make ''Nymphaea caerulea'' a likely candidate (among several) for the lotus plant eaten by the mythical [[Lotophagi]] in [[Homer]]'s [[Odyssey]].
Used in [[aromatherapy]], ''Nymphaea caerulea'' is purported to have a "divine" essence, bringing euphoria, heightened awareness and tranquility.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
Other sources cite anti-spasmodic and sedative, purifying and calming properties.
|-
|<center>[[Image:MitragynineHigh.svg|150px]]</center>
<center>[[Mitragynine]]</center>
| [[Image:Kratomtree.jpg|150px]]
''[[Mitragyna Speciosa]]''
|Leaves contain [[mitragynine]] (thought to be primary psychoactive), [[mitraphylline]], and [[7-hydroxymitragynine]]. (An unusual stimulant and narcotic-like effect reminiscent of caffeine and opium)
|-
|<center>[[Image:Leonurine.png|175px]]</center>
<center>[[Leonurine]]</center>
| [[Image:Leonotis_leonurus_flower.jpg|150px]]
''[[Leonotis leonurus]]''
|Both leaves and flowers (where most concentrated) contain [[Leonurine]]. (Effects reminiscent of marijuana)
|-
|<center>[[Image:Leonurine.png|175px]]</center>
<center>[[Leonurine]]</center>
| [[Image:Leonotis_nepetifolia1.jpg|150px]]
''[[Leonotis nepetifolia]]''
|Both leaves and flowers (where most concentrated) contain [[Leonurine]]. (Effects reminiscent of marijuana)
|-
|<center>[[Image:blank.jpg|100px]]</center>
<center>Active Chemical Unknown</center>
| [[Image:Calea_zacatechichi_cutting.jpg|150px]]
''[[Calea zacatechichi]]''
|Produces vivid dreams after smoking. It is also employed by the Chontal people as a medicinal herb against gastrointestinal disorders, and is used as an appetizer, cathartic anti-dysentery remedy, and as a fever-reducing agent.
|}
[[Convolvulaceae]]:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" style="background:white"
|+
|-
|<center>[[Image:Ipomoea violacea.jpg|250px]]</center><center>''[[Ipomoea tricolor]] & [[Ipomoea violacea]]'' || style="width:500px"| <center>D-[[lysergic acid amide]] and lysergic acid amides in the seeds; up to 0.12% total<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/ipomoea_violacea.html
|title=Trichterwinde (Ipomoea violacea) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
</center>
|-
|<center>''[[Rivea corymbosa]]''</center> || Seeds contain D-lysergic acid amide, [[lysergol]], and [[turbicoryn]]; lysergic acid alkaloids up to 0.03%<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.giftpflanzen.com/rivea_corymbosa.html
|title=Ololiuqui (Rivea corymbosa) im GIFTPFLANZEN.COMpendium - www.giftpflanzen.com
|publisher=www.giftpflanzen.com
|accessdate=2008-04-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
|-
|<center></center><center>Some ''[[Mirabilis (plant)|Mirabilis]]'' sp. || <center>LSA</center>
|}
[[Apocynaceae]] family:
*''[[Catharanthus roseus]]'' is (perhaps unpleasantly) "hallucinogenic."<ref>[http://sliceoftheday.wordpress.com/2007/05/13/madagascar-periwinkle-catharanthus-roseus/ ''Catharanthus roseus'']</ref>
*''[[Vinca minor]]''
[[Aquifoliaceae]] family:
*''[[Ilex guayusa]]'', which is used as an additive to some versions of [[Ayahuasca]].<ref>[http://www.serendipity.li/dmt/hoasca.html#tbl1 Ayahuasca Analogues]</ref> According to the Ecuadorian indigenous, it is also slightly hallucinogenic on its own, when drunk in high enough quantities.
[[Euphorbiaceae]] family:
*''[[Alchornea floribunda]]'', [[Yohimbine]]
[[Loganaceae]] family:
*[[Desfontainia spinosa]], causes visions<ref>Schultes, Richard Evans, Iconography of New World Plant Hallucinogens. p. 101</ref>
[[Lythraceae]] family:
*''[[Heimia myrtifolia]]'', auditory<ref name="sunicuichi faq">[http://www.erowid.org/plants/sinicuichi/sinicuichi_faq.shtml Sinicuichi FAQ]</ref>
*''[[Heimia salicifolia]]'', auditory<ref name="sunicuichi faq">.</ref>
==See also==
*[[Aztec entheogenic complex]]
*[[Legal intoxicants]]
*[[List of Entheogens]]
*[[List of poisonous plants]]
*[[Louisiana State Act 159]]
*[[Psilocybin mushrooms]]
==External links==
*[http://users.lycaeum.org/~iamklaus/botany.htm# Descriptions of psychoactive Cacti. Lycaeum Visionary Cactus Guide]
*[http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/faqs/faqs_tryptamine.shtml Erowid Tryptamine FAQ -- More Plants Containing Tryptamines]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=te53VV5u8YMC&pg=RA1-PA124&lpg=RA1-PA124&dq=erythrina+alkaloids&source=web&ots=e5SBqn4GS7&sig=JdEQoIKcYwAM7N_cTUtCQNhl6Hc John Stephen Glasby, Dictionary of Plants Containing Secondary Metabolites, Published by CRC Press]
*[http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/golden_guide/g91-100.shtml Golden Guide to Hallucinogenic Plants]
*[http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/158/3/481 Hallucinogens on the Internet: A Vast New Source of Underground Drug Information John H. Halpern, M.D. and Harrison G. Pope, Jr., M.D.]
*[http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/uploads/approved/adt-QGU20070710.160928/public/02Whole.pdf Peter L. Katavic, Chemical Investigations of the Alkaloids From the Plants Of The Family [[Elaeocarpaceae]]], School of Science/Natural Product Discovery (NPD), Faculty of Science, Griffith University
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
*[http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/shulgin.pea.sar.hop.html Alexander T. Shulgin, Psychotomimetic Drugs: Structure-Activity Relationships]
*[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/bulletin/bulletin_1969-01-01_4_page004.html UNODC The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (part II)]
*[http://www.unodc.org/unodc/bulletin/bulletin_1970-01-01_1_page005.html?print=yes UNODC The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (part III)]
*[http://www.bio.uu.nl/~herba/Guyana/VTGG/Myristicaceae/Virola/index.html Virola -- Dried Herbarium Specimens]
*[http://images.nbii.gov/search_results.php Virola Species Pictures -- USGS]
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DEIL ''Desmanthus illinoensis'' -- USDA]
*[http://www.ayahuasca-info.com/ A General Introduction to Ayahuasca]
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=iEVeFOLc_FUC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=%22Prestonia+amazonica%22&source=web&ots=WWANl44f-H&sig=7EuWEQsMW3yVHi56Ks0BfjJhf44&hl=en#PPA92,M1 Psychedelic Reader (Google Books)]
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Entheogens]]
[[Category:Herbal and fungal hallucinogens]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]