Puławy 386889 223645963 2008-07-05T01:45:44Z Lightbot 7178666 Units/dates/other {{Infobox Settlement | name = Puławy | image_skyline = Pulawy palac czartoryskich.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Czartoryski Palace. | image_flag = POL Puławy flag.svg | image_shield = Puławy herb.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = bottom | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Lublin Voivodeship|Lublin]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Puławy County]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]] | subdivision_name3 = Puławy <small>(urban gmina)</small> | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Janusz Grobel | established_title = Established | established_date = 16th century | established_title3 = Town rights | established_date3 = 1906 | area_total_km2 = 50.49 | population_as_of = 2006 | population_total = 49839 | population_density_km2 = auto | time zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | latd = 51 | latm = 25 | lats = | latNS = N | longd = 21 | longm = 58 | longs = | longEW = E | elevation_m = 115 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 24-100 to 24-112 | area_code = +48 081 | blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]] | blank_info = LPU | website = http://www.um.pulawy.pl }} '''Puławy''' [{{IPA-pl|p|u|'|ł|a|w|y}}] is a town in eastern [[Poland]], in [[Lublin Voivodeship|Lublin Province]], on the [[Vistula|Wisła]] and [[Kurówka River]]s. According to the 2006 GUS ([[Central Statistical Office]]) census estimate, the town had a total population of 49,839. Puławy is the capital of [[Puławy County]]. Close by is [[Kazimierz Dolny]], a charming medieval village with a little old market square surrounded by ancient houses, shops, churches and a synagogue. == History == From the 17th century Puławy was the location of a rural residence of the [[Lubomirski]], then the [[Sieniawski]], noble families. In 1784 it became the property of Prince [[Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski]] and his wife [[Izabela Czartoryska]], ''née'' Fleming. Under their stewardship, after the loss of Poland's independence in 1795 the palace became a museum of Polish national memorabilia and a major cultural and political centre. After the suppression of the [[November Uprising]] of 1830–1831, the estate was taken over by the [[Russia]]n government. The palace collections that had been saved became the nucleus of the present [[Czartoryski Museum]] in [[Kraków]]. In 1869 an Agricultural and Forestry Institute was founded in Puławy. One of its first students, briefly, was the future Polish writer [[Bolesław Prus]] (who had spent part of his childhood in Puławy). The town was incorporated in 1906. On [[August 13]], [[1920]], [[Józef Piłsudski]], Poland's [[Naczelnik Państwa|Chief of State]], left [[Warsaw]] and established a military headquarters in Puławy. The [[Red Army]] held most of eastern Poland and was besieging Warsaw. [[Piłsudski]]'s [[Cipher Bureau#Battle of Warsaw|radio-monitoring, cryptological and intelligence services]] had detected a gap in the Soviet flanks in the region of Puławy and ordered a concentration of Polish forces in the surrounding area around the banks of the [[Wieprz River]]. On [[18 August]] 1920 the Polish Army launched a [[counter-attack]] directed from Puławy that encircled and defeated a force of some 177,000 Soviet soldiers. The attack drove the Red Army from Poland and established Poland's security for two decades, until the [[Invasion of Poland (1939)|German invasion of 1939]]. During [[World War II]], three [[Germany|German]] [[concentration camp]]s operated around Puławy. The town's Jewish population of some 3,600 was first confined to a [[ghetto]], then murdered at the [[Sobibór]] camp. Since 1966, a large chemical plant (''Zakłady Azotowe Puławy'') north of the town has been producing fertilizers. And recently it has become the largest producer of Melamine in the world. The most valuable landmark in Puławy is the baroque-classicist palace and park complex, dating from 1676-79, remodelled 1722-36 and again around 1800. It includes classicist park pavilions dating from the early 19th century. One of these, the [[colonnade]]d round [[Temple]] of the [[Sibyl]], is the setting of [[Bolesław Prus]]' memorable [[Microfiction|micro-story]], "[[Mold of the Earth]]." ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:Pulawy palac marynki.jpg|Marynka's [[Palace]], Puławy. Image:Alexander_Roslin_003.png|[[Izabela Fleming|Izabela Czartoryska]], ''née'' Fleming. Image:Pulawy swiatynia sybilli.jpg|[[Temple]] of the [[Sibyl]], Puławy. </gallery> == Education == * [[Puławska Szkoła Wyższa]] == Science == {{commonscat|Puławy}} * [[The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute]] * [[The National Veterinary Research Institute]] * [[The Institute of Artificial Fertilizers]] * [[The Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Division of Apiculture]] ==References== * ''[[Encyklopedia Polski]]''. {{coor title dm|51|25|N|21|58|E|}} <br> {{Puławy County}} [[Category:Cities and towns in Lublin Voivodeship|Pulawy]] [[Category:Puławy County]] [[be:Пулавы]] [[be-x-old:Пулавы]] [[de:Puławy]] [[eo:Puławy]] [[fr:Puławy]] [[it:Puławy]] [[jv:Puławy]] [[pam:Puławy]] [[lv:Pulavi]] [[nl:Puławy]] [[ja:プワヴィ]] [[no:Puławy]] [[pl:Puławy]] [[pt:Puławy]] [[ro:Puławy]] [[ru:Пулавы]]