Pug 170631 226042006 2008-07-16T15:53:25Z Epbr123 1395162 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/63.227.80.37|63.227.80.37]] to last version by Fieldday-sunday (using [[WP:HG|Huggle]]) {{otheruses}} {{Infobox Dogbreed <!-- Begin Infobox Dogbreed. The text of the article should go AFTER this section. See: --> <!-- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Dog_breeds#Infobox_Dogbreed_template --> <!-- for full explanation of the syntax used in this template. --> | akcgroup = Toy | akcstd = http://www.akc.org/breeds/pug/index.cfm | altname = Chinese Pug<br>Mops<br>Puggu<br>Carli<br>Dutch Bulldog | ankcgroup = Group 1 (Toys) | ankcstd = http://www.ankc.aust.com/Pug.html | ckcgroup = Group 5 - Toys | ckcstd = http://www.canadasguidetodogs.com/toys/pug_std.htm | country =[[People's Republic of China|China]]<ref name="AKC History">{{cite web| url=http://www.akc.org/breeds/pug/history.cfm| title=American Kennel Club - Pug History| publisher=[[American Kennel Club]]| accessdate=2006-08-19}}</ref> | fcigroup = 9 | fcinum = 253 | fcisection = 11 | fcistd = http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:-kPG-MYXhxUJ:www.fci.be/uploaded_files/253gb98_en.doc+site:www.fci.be+%22253+/+11.+05.+1998+%22&hl=en&ie=UTF-8 | image = Wikipugnap.jpgugnap.jpg | image_caption = Fawn Pug | kcukgroup = Toy | kcukstd = http://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/item/198 | name = Pug | nzkcgroup = Toy | nzkcstd = http://www.nzkc.org.nz/br160.html | ukcgroup = Companion breeds | ukcstd = http://mail.ukcdogs.com/UKCweb.nsf/80de88211ee3f2dc8525703f004ccb1e/c395b9f4b5e3e378852570440051d052?OpenDocument }} The '''Pug''' is a [[toy dog]] [[dog breed|breed]] with a wrinkly face and medium-small body. The breed is often summarized as ''multum in parvo'' ("much in little"), describing the Pug's personality and small size.<ref name="AKC History"/> The word "pug" may have come from the [[Old English]] ''pugg'' or "puge", which were affectionate terms for a playful little devil or monkey.<ref name="Concise Etymological Dictionary"> [http://books.google.com/books?id=4ZkRAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA376&lpg=PA376&dq=pug+pugnus+pugg&source=web&ots=_uV8_Im2f5&sig=LkgomiwC4_iCbnHQmQKLrLkK8GI A Concise Etymological Dictionary - "Pug"] URL last accessed [[September 21]], [[2007]].</ref> Pug puppies are often called '''puglets'''.<ref>{{cite book |last= Shipley|first= Joseph Twadell|title= Dictionary of Early English|year= 1955|publisher= Philosophical Library|location= New York, United States|pages= 768 pages}}</ref> ==Description== [[Image:Puglet1.jpg|thumb|right|A black Pug puppy]] {| class="toccolours" style="margin: auto" width="420px" ! colspan="3" style="text-align: center; background:maroon" | <span style="color: white">Pug appearance</span> |- ! Build | Square, thickset, stocky, compact, similar to that of the [[Bulldog]] |- ! Coat | fine smooth glossy soft and short |- ! Color | Fawn, black, apricot, silver |- ! Head | Short, flat, black muzzle or fawn |- ! Teeth | Slightly undershot bite |- ! Eyes | Prominent, expressive, dark, lustrous |- ! Ears | Velvety |- ! Tail | In a tight curl or double curl |- ! Limbs | Straight and strong |- ! Feet | Well split-up toes |- ! Life span | Median 12-18 years |- ! Weight | Around 15 lbs to 30 lbs |} While most Pugs appearing in eighteenth century prints tended to be long and lean,<ref name="Pugs in public"/> the current breed standards call for a square, [[cobby (in dogs)|cobby]] body, a compact form, deep chest, and well-developed muscle.<ref name="AKC Breed Standard">[http://www.akc.org/breeds/pug/ American Kennel Club - Pug<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Their heads, carried on arched necks, should be substantial and round, the better to accentuate their large, bulging, dark eyes. The wrinkles on their foreheads should be distinct and deep,<ref name="Pugs in public"/>. The ears should be smooth and soft, like black velvet and come in two varieties: "rose" (small, round and folded with the front edge angled toward the mask, giving the head a more rotund shape) and "button" (level with the top of forehead and folded at a sharp ninety degree angle). Breeding preference goes to "button" Pugs.<ref >[http://www.pugs.org/IS/ears.htm]URL last accessed [[January 3]], [[2007]].</ref> The lower teeth should protrude farther than their upper, meeting in an under-bite.<ref >[http://www.akc.org/breeds/pug/history.cfm]URL last accessed [[October 5]], [[2006]].</ref> ====Coat and color==== [[Image:Pug black 600.jpg|thumb|right|A black Pug]] Their fine, glossy coats can be [[apricot (color)|apricot]], [[Fawn (colour)|fawn]], [[Silver (color)|silver]] or black.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> A silver coat is characterized by a very light coloured coat, absent of black guard hairs. Some unscrupulous breeders call "smutty" Pugs silver. A "smutty" Pug typically has a very dark head, with no clear delineation at the mask, and dark forelegs. The tail should curl tightly over the hip; a double curl is considered perfection.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> Pugs of different coat types shed to varying degrees, but they all shed quite a bit year round. Fawn Pugs, which have both an undercoat and an overcoat, are the most notorious for shedding. Pug owners have gone to great lengths to control this Pug characteristic. Partial solutions to the problem involve using special shampoos, supplementing or changing the Pug's diet, or even trimming the Pug's coat. Alternatively, regular coat grooming can keep the shedding down. ===Temperament=== The stern expression of the Pug belies its true sense of fun. Pugs are sociable dogs, and usually stubborn about certain things, but they are playful, charming, clever and are known to succeed in dog obedience skills.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> Pugs are sensitive to the tone of a human voice, so harsh punishment is generally unnecessary. While Pugs usually get along well with other dogs and pets, they generally prefer the company of humans and require a great deal of human attention; they may become slightly anxious or agitated if their owner ignores them or does not play with them; however some may happily occupy themselves when the owner is away. In general, they are very attentive dogs, always at their owner's feet, in their lap, or following them from room to room (so be careful where you step).<ref name="Pugs in public" /> ==Health== [[Image:Gadget the pug expressive eyes.jpg|thumb|left|Pugs have large, expressive eyes and a wrinkled face. Improper care of the wrinkles can sometimes cause adverse health effects.]] Because Pugs lack longer snouts and prominent [[Supraorbital ridge|skeletal brow ridges]], they are susceptible to eye injuries such as puncture wounds and scratched [[cornea]]s and painful [[Entropion]].<ref name="Pugs in public"/> Pugs also have compact breathing passageways, which can cause problems with their breathing or their ability to regulate their temperature through [[evaporation]] from the [[tongue]]. These complications can lead to accelerated injury or death should they be left in hot locations where cooling cannot properly take place such as cars on hot days or in outdoor conditions in temperatures over 80 degrees [[Fahrenheit]] (27°C). Pugs living a mostly sedentary life can be prone to [[obesity]], though this is avoidable with regular exercise and a healthy diet. Pugs can also suffer from a chronic form of [[granulomatous meningoencephalitis]] (an [[inflammation]] of the [[brain]]) specific to the breed called ''pug dog encephalitis'' (PDE). There is no known cause or cure for PDE, although it is believed to be an inherited disease.<ref>[http://www.pugs.org/health/PDEslideshow_files/v3_document.htm Pugs.org - PDS Slide Show].</ref> All dogs tend to either die or are [[animal euthanasia|euthanised]] within a few months after the onset of clinical signs, which usually occur anywhere from 6 months to 3 years of age.<ref>[http://www.petplace.com/articles/artPrinterFriendly.asp?conID=22694 Pet Place.com] (Retrieved [[August 12]] [[2006]])</ref> Pugs, along with other brachycephalic dogs (e.g. [[Boxer (dog)|boxers]], [[bulldog]]s), are also prone to [[hemivertebrae]].<ref>[http://www.barkbytes.com/medical/med0038.htm Hemivertebrae<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The screwtail is an example of a hemivertebrae, but when it occurs in others areas of the spine it can be devastating, causing such severe paralysis that euthanasia is a serious recommendation. The Pug, like other short-snouted breeds, has an elongated palate. When excited, they are prone to a "reverse sneeze" where the dog will quickly, and seemingly laboriously, gasp and snort. This is caused by fluid or debris getting caught under the palate and irritating the throat or limiting breathing. "Reverse sneezing" episodes are not harmful to the Pug but are usually resolved by the owner calming the dog and gently rubbing the throat to induce a swallowing action; the symptom may also resolve itself without intervention. {{Fact|date=May 2007}} Owners typically recognise this phenomenon as a pathological symptom rather than as an endearing behavioral pattern. As with all small breeds, some problems may arise in pregnancy and during birth. The most common problems include the need for a [[Caesarian section]] birth and new mothers being disinterested in the puppies, sometimes accompanied by the mother not opening the birth sac. As Pugs have many wrinkles in their faces, owners normally take special care to clean inside the creases, as irritation and infection can result from improper care.<ref>[http://www.pugs.org/indexhealth.htm Pug Dog Club of America]</ref>. Pugs are one of several breeds that are more susceptible to [[mange|Demodectic mange]], also known as Demodex.<ref name="MANGE">[[Mange]]</ref> This condition is caused by a weakened immune system, and it is a minor problem for many young Pugs. It is easily treatable, however, some Pugs are especially susceptible to the condition, and will present with a [[systemic]] form of the condition. This vulnerability is thought to be genetic, and good breeders will avoid breeding dogs who have had this condition.<ref name="MANGE"/> ==History== ====Origins==== Bred to adorn the laps of the Chinese sovereigns during the [[Shang dynasty]] (1600-1046 BC),<ref name="Pugs in public">{{cite book |last= Farr|first= Kendall|coauthors= Montague, Sarah|title= Pugs in Public|year= 1999|publisher= Stweart, Tabori & Chang, a division of [[U.S. Media Holdings]]|location= New York, United States|language= English|id= ISBN 1-55670-939-0|pages= 79 pages}}</ref> in [[East China]], they were known as "Lo-Chiang-Sze" or "Foo"<ref name="Pugs in public"/><ref>http://www.pugs.org/Intropage.htm Pugs.org</ref> (ceramic [[Imperial guardian lions|foos]], transmogrified into dragon, with their bulging eyes are very Pug-like). The Pug's popularity spread to [[Tibet]], where they were mainly kept by [[monk]]s, and then went onto [[Japan]], and finally Europe.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> ====Sixteenth and seventeenth centuries==== [[Image:William Hogarth 006.jpg|thumb|Hogarth with his Pug, Trump, 1745]] The breed was first imported in the late 16th and 17th centuries by merchants and crews from the Dutch East Indies Trading Company.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> The Pug later became the official dog of the [[House of Orange]].<ref name="Pugs in public"/> In 1572, a Pug saved the Prince of Orange's life by barking at an assassin.<ref >[http://www.akc.org/breeds/pug/history.cfm]URL last accessed [[October 5]], [[2006]].</ref> A Pug also travelled with [[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] when they left the Netherlands to ascend to the throne of England in 1688.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> This century also saw Pugs' popularity on the rise in other European countries. In [[Spain]], they were painted by [[Francisco Goya|Goya]],<ref name="Pugs in public"/> in Italy Pugs dressed in matching jackets and pantaloons sat by the coachmen of the rich,<ref name="Pugs in public"/> and in [[Germany]] and [[France]]. Pugs appear several times as footnotes to history.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> Sometimes, they were used for [[Scent hound]]s. They were used by the [[military]] to track [[animals]] or [[people]], and were also employed as the [[guard]]'s [[dog]]s. ====Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries==== The popularity of the Pug continued to spread in France during the eighteenth century. Before her marriage at age 15 to [[Louis XVI]], [[Marie Antoinette]] owned a Pug named Mops (the German, Dutch, Russian, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish name for the dog's breed).{{Fact|date=June 2007}} Before her marriage to [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]], [[Joséphine de Beauharnais|Joséphine]] had her Pug, Fortune, carry concealed messages to her family while she was confined at Les Carmes prison. The pet was the only recipient of visiting rights.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Katharine Macdonogh | year = August | month = 1996 | title = Prison Pets in the French Revolution | journal = History Today | volume = 46 }}</ref> The English painter [[William Hogarth]] owned a series of Pugs, to which he was devoted. In 1745 he painted his self-portrait together with that of his Pug, Trump, now in the [[Tate Gallery]], [[London]].<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/britain/exhibitions/hogarth/rooms/room1.shtm Tate Britain| Past Exhibitions | Hogarth - Room 1<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In nineteenth century England, Pugs flourished under the patronage of the monarch [[Queen Victoria]].{{Fact|date=June 2007}} Her many Pugs, which she bred herself, included Olga, Pedro, Minka, Fatima and Venus.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> Her involvement with the dogs in general helped to establish the [[Kennel Club]], which was formed in 1873.<ref name="Pugs in public"/> Victoria favoured apricot and fawn Pugs, whereas the [[aristocrat]] [[Lady Brassey]] is credited with making black Pugs fashionable after she brought some back from [[China]] in 1886.<ref name="Pugs in public"/><ref name="AKC History"/> The Pug arrived in the [[United States]] during the nineteenth century<ref name="Pugs in public"/> (the American Kennel Club recognized the breed in 1885)<ref name="Pugs in public"/> and was soon making its way into the family home and show ring. ==Pugs in media and culture== {{Trivia|date=May 2008}} In a [[May 23]], [[2007]] web issue of [[The Onion]], Pugs were lampooned in a [[fake news]] article titled ''Dog Breeders Issue Massive Recall Of '07 Pugs''.<ref>[http://www.theonion.com/content/node/61939 The Onion]</ref> The piece [[satire|satirized]] Pugs and Pug breeders by speaking of the dog and its characteristics as a faulty product, "evidenced" by a fictional quote from the [[American Pug Breeders Association]] director, "While pug owners are accustomed to dog malfunction, the latest animals are prone to more problems than just the usual joint failures, overheating, seizures, chronic respiratory defects, and inability to breed without assistance. The latest model Pug is simply not in any way a viable dog."<ref>[http://www.theonion.com/content/node/61939 The Onion]</ref> Pugs have also held their own as featured players in many films and television shows. *[[Jonathan Ross]] amongst his five dogs has a pug called Pickle or Mr Pickle *Otis from ''[[The Adventures of Milo and Otis]]'' *[[Zeltim Odie Peterson|Odie the Talking Pug]] - First appearing on David Letterman's "Stupid Pet Tricks" Odie went on to win America Online's Top T.V. Moment of the Year in 2004. *Frank from ''[[Men in Black (film)|Men in Black]]'' and ''[[Men in Black II]]'' *Weenie, from [[Kay Thompson]]'s ''[[Eloise]]'' book series *Shakespug is a friend of Satchel Pooch, a main character in the comic strip [[Get Fuzzy]]. *Mr. Pickle, BBC-presenter Jonathan Ross's Pug, seen in his talk show ''Friday Night with Jonathan Ross''. *[[Ethel Skinner]], a now deceased character in the British soap opera [[EastEnders]], had a pug called Willy. *Ralph, Don Burke's dog In the long running channel 9 show, was a Pug and a frequent guest of the show. *Percy Pug from ''[[Pocahontas (Disney)|Pocahontas]]'' and ''[[Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World]]''. *Bean from [[The Clique (novel)]] series. *[[Tori Spelling]]'s pug Mimi LaRue. * [[Frank Iero]], Guitarist of [[My Chemical Romance]] owns one *Lloyd from [[Norbit]] *[[Heidi Range]] from the [[Sugababes]] has a pug called Buddy. *[[Marie Antoinette]] had a pug named Mops. *Molly Moon, the main character in the series by Georgia Byng has a pug named Petula, whom she keeps with her at all times. *Lady Bertram, a character in [[Jane Austen]]'s novel ''[[Mansfield Park]]'', had a female pug called Pug. *Pakkun (パックン, Pakkun?) from [[Naruto]]. *Rich Perez in Las Vegas & creator of "Best Damn Sports Show Period" has two black pugs named Mac, the male and Zoey, the female. *In the American Kennel Club(AKC) a double curl is considered perfection for a pugs tail. *The [[Bedford CA]] van of the 1950s and 60's is commonly referred to as pug-nosed, because its frontal appearance is reminiscent of a pugs face. *Pug dogs appeared as royalty pets in the movie [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune_%28film%29 Dune] and the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Herbert%27s_Dune 2000 SciFi Dune miniseries] * Pug appears in many of the Vodafone, India commercials. * A pug appears in U.S. commercials for the allergy/asthma medication [[Advair.]] * President Walken owns a pug, Bess, on [[The West Wing]]. * Monroe, in [[The Life and Times of Juniper Lee]]. * Rock band [[Menomena]] claims to be managed by a black female pug named Getty Lee * [[Jessica Alba]] owns two pugs named Sid and Nancy. * [[Kelly Osbourne]] has a pug called Prudence. *Alfred and Rex from Unlovable *ex Liverpool FC star David Fairclough owns a pug called Bella. ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{commons}} *{{dmoz|Recreation/Pets/Dogs/Breeds/Toy_Group/Pug|Pugs}} *{{AKC standard}} {{Toy dogs}} [[Category:Dog breeds originating in China]] [[Category:Companion dogs]] [[cs:Mops]] [[da:Mops]] [[de:Mops (Hund)]] [[es:Pug]] [[eo:Mopso]] [[fr:Carlin]] [[id:Pug]] [[it:Carlino (cane)]] [[he:פאג]] [[lt:Mopsas]] [[hu:Mopsz]] [[nl:Mopshond]] [[ja:パグ]] [[no:Mops]] [[pl:Mops]] [[pt:Pug]] [[ru:Мопс]] [[sk:Mops]] [[sl:Mops]] [[fi:Mopsi]] [[sv:Mops]] [[th:ปั๊ก]] [[tr:Pug]] [[zh:巴哥犬]]