Pulitzer Prize 24230 224997412 2008-07-11T11:20:04Z ClueBot 4928500 Reverting possible vandalism by [[Special:Contributions/Watman21|Watman21]] to version by Dj manton. False positive? [[User:ClueBot/FalsePositives|Report it]]. Thanks, [[User:ClueBot]]. (437742) (Bot) {{Infobox award | name = Pulitzer Prize <!--| current_awards = 2008 Pulitzer Prize --> | image = Gen pulitzer.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = | description = Excellence in [[print journalism]], literary achievements, and [[musical composition]] | presenter = [[Columbia University]] | country = [[United States]] | year = 1917 | website = http://www.pulitzer.org/ }} The '''Pulitzer Prize''', {{pronEng|ˈpʊlɨtsɚ}} ''<small>PULL</small>-it-sər,''<ref>This is the preferred pronunciation [http://www.pulitzer.org/resources/answers.html#18 according to the Pulitzer website]. {{IPA|/ˈpjuːlɨtsɚ/}} ''<small>PYOOL</small>-it-sər'' is also a common pronunciation (''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', Random House, American Heritage dictionaries).</ref> is an [[United States|American]] award regarded as the highest national honor in [[print journalism]], [[literary]] achievements and [[musical composition]]. It is administered by [[Columbia University ]] in [[New York City]]. Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of these, each winner receives a certificate and a [[United States dollar|US$]]10,000 cash reward.<ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org/resources/answers.html#13 Answer to FAQ 13], from the Pulitzer website</ref> The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a [[gold medal]], which always goes to a newspaper, although an individual may be named in the citation. The prize was established by [[Joseph Pulitzer]], a [[Hungarian American|Hungarian-American]] journalist and newspaper publisher, who left money to Columbia University upon his death in 1911. A portion of his bequest was used to found the [[Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism|university's journalism school]] in 1912. The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded on [[June 4]] [[1917]], and they are now announced each April. Recipients are chosen by an independent board. Ironically, Pulitzer, along with [[William Hearst]], was one of the originators of [[yellow journalism]]. Several of the more famous recipients of the Pulitzer Prize include [[Ernest Hemingway]], [[Eudora Welty]], [[Harper Lee]] and [[Toni Morrison]] for [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction|Fiction]]; [[Robert Frost]] for [[Pulitzer Prize for Poetry|Poetry]]; [[Roger Ebert]] for [[Pulitzer Prize for Criticism|Criticism]]; and [[Tennessee Williams]], [[Arthur Miller]], [[Rodgers and Hammerstein]], and [[Stephen Sondheim]] for [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama|Drama]]. Notable winners of more than one Pulitzer Prize include [[David McCullough]] (twice) for [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography|Biography]]; [[Eugene O'Neill]] (four times), [[Edward Albee]] (three times), and [[August Wilson]] (twice) for Drama; and [[William Faulkner]] (twice), [[John Updike]] (twice), and [[Booth Tarkington]] (twice) for [[Pulitzer Prize for the Novel|Novel]] / Fiction. (This category's name was changed in 1948 from Novel to Fiction.) Both Eugene O'Neill and Booth Tarkington accomplished the feat of winning the prize twice in a four-year period. [[Thornton Wilder]] is notable for winning prizes in more than one category—one in the Novel category and two in the Drama category. ==Categories== {{Pulitzer}} Awards are made in categories relating to journalism, arts, and letters. Only published reports and photographs by [[List of all newspapers in the United States|United States-based newspapers]] or daily [[News agency|news organizations]] are eligible for the journalism prize. [[2007 Pulitzer Prize|Beginning in 2007]], "an assortment of online elements will be permitted in all journalism categories except for the competition's two photography categories, which will continue to restrict entries to still images."<ref name="beatlocal">[http://www.pulitzer.org/resources/onlinerel.html Pulitzer Board Widens Range of Online Journalism in Entries], from the Pulitzer website</ref> The current Pulitzer Prize category definitions in the [[2008 Pulitzer Prize|2008 competition]], in the order they are awarded, are: *[[Pulitzer Prize for Public Service|Public Service]]—for a distinguished example of meritorious public service by a newspaper through the use of its journalistic resources, which may include editorials, cartoons, and photographs, as well as reporting. Often thought of as the grand prize, the Public Service award is given to the newspaper, not to individuals, though individuals are often mentioned for their contributions. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting|Breaking News Reporting]]—for a distinguished example of local reporting of breaking news. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting|Investigative Reporting]]—for a distinguished example of investigative reporting by an individual or team, presented as a single article or series. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting|Explanatory Reporting]]—for a distinguished example of explanatory reporting that illuminates a significant and complex subject, demonstrating mastery of the subject, lucid writing, and clear presentation. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting|Local Reporting]]—for a distinguished example of local reporting that illuminates significant issues or concerns.<ref name="beatlocal" /> *[[Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting|National Reporting]]—for a distinguished example of reporting on national affairs. *[[Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting|International Reporting]]—for a distinguished example of reporting on [[international affairs]], including [[United Nations]] correspondence. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing|Feature Writing]]—for a distinguished example of [[feature writing]] giving prime consideration to high literary quality and originality. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Commentary|Commentary]]—for distinguished commentary. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Criticism|Criticism]]—for distinguished [[criticism]]. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing|Editorial Writing]]—for distinguished [[editorial]] writing, the test of excellence being clarity of style, moral purpose, sound reasoning, and power to influence public opinion in what the writer conceives to be the right direction. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning|Editorial Cartooning]]—for a distinguished [[cartoon]] or portfolio of cartoons published during the year, characterized by originality, editorial effectiveness, quality of drawing, and pictorial effect. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography|Breaking News Photography]], previously called [[Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography|Spot News Photography]]—for a distinguished example of breaking news photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence, or an album. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography|Feature Photography]]—for a distinguished example of [[feature photography]] in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence, or an album. There are six categories in letters and drama: *[[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction|Fiction]]—for distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Drama|Drama]]—for a distinguished play by an American author, preferably original in its source and dealing with American life. *[[Pulitzer Prize for History|History]]—for a distinguished book on the history of the United States. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography|Biography or Autobiography]]—for a distinguished biography or autobiography by an American author. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Poetry|Poetry]]—for a distinguished volume of original verse by an American author. *[[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction|General Non-Fiction]]—for a distinguished book of non-fiction by an American author that is not eligible for consideration in any other category. There is one prize given for music: *[[Pulitzer Prize for Music]]—for a distinguished musical contribution by an American that had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year. There have also been a number of [[Pulitzer Prize Special Citations and Awards|Special Citations and Awards]]. In addition to the prizes, Pulitzer travelling fellowships are awarded to four outstanding students of the Graduate School of Journalism as selected by the faculty. ==Board== Pulitzer prizes are decided by the Pulitzer board. As of [[May 1]], [[2008]], the current board members are<ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org/CurrentBoard/CurrentBoard.html Current Board members]</ref>: *[[Danielle Allen]], Professor, Departments of Classics and Political Science and the Committee on Social Thought, [[University of Chicago]] *[[Jim Amoss]], Editor, ''[[The Times-Picayune]]'', New Orleans, Louisiana *[[Amanda Bennett]], Executive Editor/Enterprise, Bloomberg News *[[Lee Bollinger]], President, [[Columbia University]] *[[Kathleen Carroll]], Executive Editor and Senior Vice President, [[Associated Press]] *[[Joyce Dehli]], Vice President for News, Lee Enterprises *[[Thomas Friedman]], Columnist, ''[[The New York Times]]'' *[[Paul Gigot]], Editorial Page Editor, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' *[[Sig Gissler]], Administrator, Graduate School of Journalism *[[Anders Gyllenhaal]], Executive Editor, ''[[The Miami Herald]]'' *[[Jay Harris]] (co-chair), Wallis Annenberg Chair, Director, Center for the Study of Journalism and Democracy, [[USC Annenberg School for Communication|Annenberg School for Communication]], [[University of Southern California]] *[[David M. Kennedy (historian)|David M. Kennedy]], Donald J. McLachlan Professor of History, [[Stanford University]] *[[Nicholas Lemann]], Dean, [[Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism]] *[[Ann Marie Lipinski]], Senior Vice President and Editor, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' *[[Gregory Moore]], Editor, ''[[The Denver Post]]'' *[[Richard Oppel]] (co-chair), Editor, ''[[Austin American-Statesman]]'' *[[Paul Tash]], Editor, CEO, and Chairman, ''[[St. Petersburg Times]]'' ==Winners== The Pulitzer Prize Board distinguishes between "entrants" and "nominated finalists": An "entrant" is simply someone whose work has been submitted for consideration according to the Board's "Plan of Award"; any individual may submit an entry <ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org/EntryForms/entry_forms.html Guidelines and Forms], from the Pulitzer website</ref><ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org//Archive/archive.html#history History], from the Pulitzer website</ref>. "Nominated finalists" are those selected by the juries and (since 1980) announced along with the winner for each category.<ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org/Archive/archive.html#terminology Terminology], from the Pulitzer website</ref> Only nominated finalists may properly be referred to as Pulitzer Prize "nominees." <ref>[http://www.pulitzer.org/Archive/archive.html#history History], from the Pulitzer website</ref> {{PulitzerPrizes}} ==Discontinued awards== Over the years, awards have been discontinued either because they have been expanded or renamed. To find, for example, all the winners for investigative reporting, you have to also look back at the prize for local investigative specialized reporting, which previously was the prize for local reporting, no edition time. Discontinued or merged categories include: *[[Pulitzer Prize for Reporting]], 1917–1947. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Correspondence]], 1929–1947. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Journalism]], became the Pulitzer Prize for Explanatory Reporting. *[[Pulitzer Prize for General News Reporting]], 1985–1990, became the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting. *Pulitzer Prize for Local General or Spot News Reporting, 1964–1984, became the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting. *Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting, 1964–1984, became the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting. *Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, Edition Time, 1953–1963, became the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting. *Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, No Edition Time, 1953–1963, became the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Photography]], was divided in 1968 into [[Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography]] and a spot news category, which became the [[Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography]]. *Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Reporting, 1991–1997, became the Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting - International]], became the Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting - National]], became the Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Specialized Reporting]] 1985–1990, became the Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting. *[[Pulitzer Prize for Beat Reporting]], 1991–2006; replaced by the reinstituted [[Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting]]<ref name="beatlocal" /> *[[Pulitzer Prize for the Novel]], became the [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]]. ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{commons}} {{Spoken Wikipedia|Pulitzer_Prize.ogg|2005-04-13}} *[http://www.pulitzer.org/ Pulitzer Prize website and FAQ] [[Category:American awards]] [[Category:Journalism awards]] [[Category:Pulitzer Prizes| ]] [[Category:Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism]] [[af:Pulitzerprys]] [[ar:جائزة بوليتزر]] [[az:Pulitzer mükafatı]] [[bn:পুলিৎজার পুরস্কার]] [[bs:Pulitzerova nagrada]] [[bg:Пулицър]] [[ca:Premis Pulitzer]] [[cs:Pulitzerova cena]] [[da:Pulitzerprisen]] [[de:Pulitzer-Preis]] [[et:Pulitzeri preemia]] [[el:Βραβείο Πούλιτζερ]] [[es:Premio Pulitzer]] [[eo:Premio Pulitzer]] [[fa:جایزه پولیتزر]] [[fr:Prix Pulitzer]] [[gl:Premio Pulitzer]] [[hr:Pulitzerova nagrada]] [[id:Penghargaan Pulitzer]] [[it:Premio Pulitzer]] [[he:פרס פוליצר]] [[ka:პულიცერის პრემია]] [[sw:Tuzo ya Pulitzer]] [[lt:Pulicerio premija]] [[hu:Pulitzer-díj]] [[nl:Pulitzer-prijs]] [[ja:ピューリッツァー賞]] [[no:Pulitzerprisen]] [[nn:Pulitzerprisen]] [[pl:Nagroda Pulitzera]] [[pt:Prémio Pulitzer]] [[ro:Premiul Pulitzer]] [[ru:Пулитцеровская премия]] [[simple:Pulitzer Prize]] [[sk:Pulitzerova cena]] [[sl:Pulitzerjeva nagrada]] [[fi:Pulitzer-palkinto]] [[sv:Pulitzerpriset]] [[ta:புலிட்சர் பரிசு]] [[th:รางวัลพูลิตเซอร์]] [[vi:Giải Pulitzer]] [[tr:Pulitzer Ödülü]] [[uk:Пулітцерівська премія]] [[yi:פוליצער פרייז]] [[zh:普利策奖]]