Purple 37948 226186873 2008-07-17T06:15:51Z Dicklyon 869314 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/209.244.188.194|209.244.188.194]]; Unsourced trivium. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) {{Infobox color | textcolor=white | title=Purple | pic=Image:Color icon purple.svg | symbolism=[[Royal family|royalty]], [[imperialism]], [[funk music|funk]], [[nobility]],and [[upper class]] | hex=800080 | r=128|g=0 |b=128|rgbspace=[[sRGB color space|sRGB]]| c= 66|m= 87|y= 0|k= 0| h=300|s= 67|v= 44 |source=[[Web colors#HTML color names|HTML/CSS]]<ref name="css3-color">[http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4 W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords]</ref> }} [[Image:Purple plasma ball.jpg|thumb|A purple [[plasma ball]].]] {{Otheruses1|the color}} '''Purple''' is a general term for the range of shades of [[color]] occurring between [[red]] and [[blue]].<ref> Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief ''Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary'' Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1984--Merriam-Webster Page 957</ref> It is formed (in both subtractive pigment and additive light combinations) by mixing the [[primary color]]s red and blue in varying proportions, with possibly a very small quantity of the third primary color (green for light or yellow for pigment). There is disagreement over exactly which shades can be described as purple, some people preferring more precise terms such as [[magenta]] or [[heliotrope (color)|heliotrope]] for particular shades. A difference in [[retina]]l sensitivity to red and blue light between individuals can cause further disagreement. Purple is sometimes confused with the more narrowly-defined [[spectral color]], [[violet (color)|violet]]. In [[color theory]], a 'purple' is defined as any non-[[spectrum|spectral]] color between [[violet (color)|violet]] and [[red]]. In [[painting|art]], purple is the color on the [[HSV color space|color wheel]] between [[magenta]] and [[violet (color)|violet]] and its [[tint]]s and [[shade]]s. This color, electric purple, is shown below.<ref> Graham, Lanier F. (editor) ''The Rainbow Book'' Berkeley, California:1976 Shambala Publishing and The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (Handbook for the Summer 1976 exhibition ''The Rainbow Art Show'' which took place primarily at the [[De Young Museum]] but also at other museums) Portfolio of color wheels by famous theoreticians—see Rood color wheel (1879) Page 93</ref> In human color psychology, purple is associated with royalty, regality, and nobility (stemming from its use in heraldry to denote gentry). ==Etymology and definitions== [[Image:Murex sp.jpg|thumb|''spiny dye-murex'']] The word 'purple' comes from the [[Old English]] word ''purpul'' which originates from the [[Latin]] ''purpura.'' This in turn is derived from the [[Koine Greek]] {{Polytonic|πορφύρα}} (''porphyra''), name of the [[dye]] manufactured in [[Classical antiquity]] from the mucus-secretion of the hypobranchial gland of a marine [[snail]] known as the ''[[Murex brandaris]]'' or the ''spiny dye-murex''.<ref>{{cite web | title = Online Etymology Dictionary | url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=purple }}</ref> The first recorded use of the word 'purple' in [[English language|English]] was in the year AD 975.<ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary]], second edition</ref> The color regarded as the standard for purple has changed over the years, from [[Tyrian Purple]] in [[Ancient history|ancient times]] to [[Electric Purple]] today. ===Purple versus violet=== {{main|Violet (color)}} {{infobox color| title= Violet|textcolor=white| hex= 8B00FF| r=139|g= 0|b=255| c=50 |m=100|y= 0|k= 0| h=273|s=100|v=100 |source=[http://forums.bf2s.com/viewtopic.php?id=46435 BF2S Color Guide]}} Violet is a [[spectral color]] (approximately 420–380nm), of a shorter wavelength than [[blue (color)|blue]], while purple is a combination of [[red (color)|red]] and [[blue (color)|blue]] or [[violet (color)|violet]] light. The purples are colors that are not [[spectral color]]s – purples are extra-spectral colors. In fact, purple was not present on [[Sir Isaac Newton|Newton's]] color wheel (which went directly from violet to red), though it is present on modern ones, between red and violet. There is no such thing as the "wavelength of purple light"; it only exists as a combination. [[Image:CIExy1931.svg|right|thumb|The CIE xy chromaticity diagram]] On the [[CIE 1931 color space|CIE xy chromaticity diagram]], violet is on the curved edge in the lower left, while purples are the straight line connecting the extreme colors red and violet. One interesting [[psychophysics|psychophysical]] feature of the two colors that can be used to separate them is their appearance with increase of [[light intensity]]. Violet, as light intensity increases, appears to take on a far more blue hue as a result of what is known as the [[Bezold-Brücke shift]]. The same increase in blueness is not noted in purples. Violet cannot be reproduced by a Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color system, and must be simulated by a mixture of red and blue (purple). The shade of violet simulated in the color box above is just over halfway between [[magenta]] and [[blue]] on the [[color wheel]]. ==Properties== On a [[chromaticity diagram]], the straight line connecting the extreme spectral [[color]]s ([[red]] and [[violet (color)|violet]]) is known as the 'line of purples' (or 'purple boundary'); it represents one limit of [[human]] [[Color vision|color perception]]. The color [[magenta]] used in the [[CMYK]] [[printing]] process is on the line of purples, but most people associate the term "purple" with a somewhat [[blue (color)|bluer]] shade. Some common confusion exists concerning the [[color name]]s "purple" and "violet". Purple is a mixture of red and blue light, whereas violet is a spectral color. ===Tyrian purple: Classical antiquity=== {{main|Tyrian purple}} {{Infobox color |textcolor=white| title=Tyrian Purple | hex=66023C| r=102|g=2 |b=60| c= 66|m= 87|y= 0|k= 0| h=277|s= 67|v= 44| spelling=color| source=[http://www.mmdtkw.org/VPurple.html Internet]}} [[Image:Justinian.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Byzantine Emperor [[Justinian I]] clad in Tyrian purple, 6th-century mosaic at [[Basilica of San Vitale]]]] The actual color of '''Tyrian purple''', the original color purple from which the name purple is derived, is the color of a dye made from a [[Haustellum brandaris|mollusk]] that, because of its incredible expense (many times more expensive than [[gold]]), in [[classical antiquity]] became a symbol of [[royalty]] because only the very wealthy could afford it. Therefore, Tyrian purple is also called '''imperial purple'''. Tyrian purple may have been discovered as early as the time of the [[Minoan civilization]]. [[Alexander the Great]] (when giving imperial audiences as the [[List of kings of Macedon|emperor]] of the [[Macedon|Macedonian Empire]]), the emperors of the [[Seleucid Empire]], and the [[Ptolemaic dynasty|kings]] of [[Ptolemaic Egypt]] wore Tyrian purple. The imperial robes of [[Roman emperor]]s were Tyrian purple trimmed in metallic [[gold (color)|gold]] thread. The badge of office of a [[Roman Senate|Roman Senator]] was a stripe of Tyrian purple on their white [[toga]].<ref>[http://www.mmdtkw.org/VPurple.html Tyrian Purple in Ancient Rome:]</ref> Tyrian purple was continued in use by the emperors of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]] until [[Fall of Constantinople|its final collapse]] in 1453. {{-}} ===Han Purple: Ancient China=== {{Main|Han Purple}} {{Infobox Color|title=Han Purple|textcolor=white| hex=5218FA| r= 82|g= 24|b=250| c= |m= |y= |k= | h= 260|s= 97|v= 47 |source=[http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.spacedaily.com/images/microscopic-han-purple-sm.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.einsteindaily.com/&h=80&w=100&sz=3&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=Bkb5C7Yoza2HyM:&tbnh=66&tbnw=82&prev=/images%3Fq%3D%2522Han%2Bpurple%2522%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DN\ Internet]}} '''Han purple''' is a type of artificial [[pigment]] found in [[China]] between 500 [[Anno Domini|B.C.]] and 220 [[Anno Domini|A.D.]]. It was used in the decoration of the [[Xian]] [[Terracotta Army]]. Han purple is a purple in the sense that the term is used in colloquial English, i.e., it is a color between red and blue; however, it is not a purple in the sense that the term is used in color theory, i.e. a non-[[Spectrum|spectral]] color between red and violet on the line of purples on the CIE chromaticity diagram. {{-}} ===Royal Purple: Medieval Europe=== {{Infobox color |textcolor=white| title=Royal Purple | hex=6B3FA0| r=107|g= 63|b=160| c= |m= |y= 0|k= 0| h=273|s= 62|v= 54| source=[[List of Crayola crayon colors|Crayola]]}} This shade of purple is bluer than the ancient Tyrian purple. In [[medieval]] [[Europe]], [[blue]] dyes were rare and expensive,<ref>Varichon, Anne ''Colors: What They Mean and How to Make Them'' New York:2006 Abrams Page 161 </ref> so only the most wealthy or the [[aristocracy]] could afford to wear them. (The [[working class]] wore mainly [[green]] and [[brown]].) Because of this (and also because Tyrian purple had gone out of use in [[western Europe]] after the collapse of the [[Western Roman Empire]] in AD 476), Europeans' idea of purple shifted towards this more bluish purple known as '''royal purple''' because of its similarity to the [[royal blue]] worn by the aristocracy. This was the shade of purple worn by [[Monarch|king]]s in [[Middle Ages|medieval Europe]].{{Fact|date=March 2008}} {{-}} ===Artists Pigment Purple (Red-Violet): 1930s=== {{main|Red-violet}} {{infobox color| textcolor=white| title=Medium violet red| hex=C71585| r=199|g= 21|b= 133| c= 0|m= 89|y= 33|k= 0| h=322|s= 89|v= 78 |source=[[Web colors#X11 color list|X11]]}} 'Royal purple' (shown above) or the dark violet color known as vulgar purple{{Fact|date=March 2008}} is the common layman's idea of purple, but professional [[artist]]s, following [[Munsell color system]] (introduced in 1905 and widely accepted by 1930), regard purple as being synonymous with the [[red-violet]] color shown at right, in order to clearly distinguish purple from [[Violet (color)|violet]] and thus have access to a larger palette of colors{{Fact|date=March 2008}}. This '''red-violet''' color, called '''artist's purple''' by artists, is the pigment color that would be on a pigment color [[color wheel]] between pigment [[Violet (color)#Pigment violet (web color dark violet)|violet]] and pigment (process) [[Magenta#Process magenta (pigment magenta) (1890s)|magenta]]. In the Munsell color system, this color at the maximum chroma of 12 is called Red-Purple. Artists pigments and colored [[pencil]]s labeled as purple are colored the red-violet color shown at right. {{-}} ===Electric Purple: 2000s=== {{infobox color|textcolor=white| title=Electric Purple| hex=BF00FF| r=191|g= 0|b=255| c= |m= |y= |k= | h=285|s=100|v= 80 |source=[http://www.colourlovers.com/color/BF00FF/Electric_Purple Colour Lovers]}} This color, '''electric purple''', is precisely halfway between [[Violet (color)|violet]] and [[magenta]] and thus fits the artistic definition of purple.<ref> Graham, Lanier F. (editor) ''The Rainbow Book'' Berkeley, California:1976 Shambala Publishing and The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (Handbook for the Summer 1976 exhibition ''The Rainbow Art Show'' which took place primarily at the [[De Young Museum]] but also at other museums) Portfolio of color wheels by famous theoreticians—see Rood color wheel (1879) Page 93 Purple is halfway between magenta and violet</ref> Using additive colors such as those on computer screens, it is possible to create a much brighter purple than with pigments where the mixing subtracts frequencies from the component primary colors. The equivalent color on a computer to the pigment color red-violet shown above would be this electric purple, i.e. the much brighter purple you can see reproduced on the screen of an [[electronics|electronic]] [[computer]]. This color is pure purple conceived as [[computer art]]ists conceive it, as the pure [[chroma]] on the [[computer screen]] [[HSV color space|color wheel]] halfway between electric violet and electric magenta. Thus, electric purple is the purest and brightest purple that it is possible to display on a computer screen. {{-}} ==Computer web color purples== ===Purple (HTML/CSS color)=== {{Infobox color |textcolor=white| title=Purple (HTML/CSS color) | hex=800080| r=128|g=0 |b=128|rgbspace=[[sRGB color space|sRGB]]| c= 66|m= 87|y= 0|k= 0| h=300|s= 67|v= 44| source=[[Web colors#HTML color names|HTML/CSS]]<ref name="css3-color">[http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4 W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords]</ref> }} This purple used in [[HTML]] and [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]] actually is deeper and has a more reddish hue (#800080) than the [[X11 color names|X11 color]] purple shown below as ''purple'' (X11 color) (#A020F0), which is bluer and brighter. This color may be called '''HTML/CSS purple'''. {{-}} ===Purple (X11 color)=== {{infobox color|textcolor=white| title=Purple (X11 color)| hex=A020F0| r=160|g= 32|b=240| c= 9|m= 94|y= 0|k= 0| h=285|s= 97|v= 77 |source=[[X11 color names#Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS|X11]]}} At right is displayed the color purple, as defined in the [[X11 color names|X11 color]], which is a lot brighter and bluer than the [[HTML]] purple shown above. See the chart [[X11 color names#Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS|Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS]] in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML and X11. This color can be called '''X11 purple'''. {{-}} ===Medium Purple (X11)=== {{infobox color| title= Medium Purple|textcolor=white| hex= 9370DB| r=147|g=112|b=219| c= 56|m= 58|y= 0|k= 0| h=270|s= 68|v=72 |source=[[Web color#X11 color list|X11]]}} Displayed at right is the web color '''medium purple'''. This color is a medium shade of the bright ''X11 purple'' shown above. {{-}} ==Additional variations of purple== ===Orchid=== {{main|Orchid (color)}} [[Image:Labiata.jpg|left|thumb|upright|''[[Cattleya labiata]]'']] {{infobox color| title= Orchid| hex= DA70D6| r=218|g=112|b=214| c= 0|m= 49|y= 2|k= 15| h=302|s= 49|v= 85 |source=[[Web colors#X11 color list|X11]]}} The color '''orchid''' is a light shade of purple. The name 'orchid' originates from the flowers of some species of the vast [[Orchidaceae|orchid flower]] family, such as ''Laelia furfuracea'' and ''Ascocentrum pusillum'', which have petals of this color. {{-}} ===Heliotrope=== {{main|Heliotrope (color)}} [[Image:Heliotropium arborescens1.jpg|left|thumb|upright|''[[Heliotropium arborescens]]'']] {{Infobox Color|title=Heliotrope|hex=DF73FF| r=223|g= 115|b=255| c= 13|m= 55|y= 0|k= 0| h=286|s= 55|v= 100 |source=[http://forums.bf2s.com/viewtopic.php?id=46435 BF2S Color Guide]}} The color '''heliotrope''' is a brilliant shade of purple. [[Heliotrope (color)|Heliotrope]] is a [[pink]]-purple [[tint]] that is a representation of the [[color]] of the [[Heliotropium|heliotrope flower]]. {{-}} ===Mulberry=== {{Infobox color |textcolor=white| title=Mulberry| hex=C54B8C| r=197|g= 75|b=140| c= |m= |y= 0|k= 0| h=285|s= 67|v= 70| spelling=colour| |source=[[List of Crayola crayon colors|Crayola]]}} The color '''mulberry''' is displayed at right. This color is a representation of the color of [[mulberry]] [[jam]] or [[pie]]. This was a [[Crayola]] [[crayon]] color from 1958 to 2003. The first recorded use of Mulberry as a color name in [[English language|English]] was in 1776.<ref> Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 199; Color Sample of Mulberry: Page 119 Plate 48 Color Sample E9</ref> <div style="clear:both;"></div> ===Pansy Purple=== {{infobox color|textcolor=white| title=Pansy Purple| hex=78184A| r=120|g= 24|b= 74| c= |m= |y= 0|k= | h=287|s= 36|v= 27 |source=[http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-p.htm ISCC-NBS]}} [[Image:Purple Pansy.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Purple Pansy]] The [[pansy]] flower has varieties that exhibit three different colors: pansy (a deep shade of violet), pansy pink, and '''pansy purple'''. The first recorded use of Pansy Purple as a color name in [[English language|English]] was in 1814.<ref> Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; Color Sample of Pansy Purple: Page 131 Plate 54 Color Sample L8 </ref> {{-}} ===Tokyo Purple=== {{infobox color|textcolor=white| title=Tokyo Purple| hex=5A004A| r= 90|g= 0|b= 70| c= 50|m= 45|y= 0|k=10| h=283|s= 37|v= 25 |source=[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/jp-13.html Vexillological]}} [[Image:Flag of Tokyo.svg|thumb|left|upright|Flag of Tokyo]] '''Tokyo purple''' is the color of the [[flag]] of the [[Prefectures of Japan|prefecture]] of [[Tokyo]] in the [[Kantō region|Kantō]] [[Regions of Japan|region]] of [[Japan]]. This shade of dark purple has been associated with Tokyo (formerly called Edo) since ancient times. <ref>[http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/jp-13.html Flags of the World website—Flag of Tokyo (see description of flag underneath picture of flag):]</ref> {{-}} ==Purple in nature== ====[[Plant]]s==== * [[Stipa|Purple needlegrass]] is the [[state grass]] of [[California]]. ====[[Animal]]s==== * The [[purple frog]] is a new species of [[amphibian]] discovered in [[India]] in 2003. ==Purple in human culture== {{Trivia|date=February 2008}} ====[[Anti-Apartheid Movement]]==== * The [[Purple Rain Protest]] was a protest against [[apartheid]] that took place in [[Cape Town]], [[South Africa]] on [[2 September]] [[1989]], in which a police [[water cannon]] with purple dye sprayed thousands of demonstrators. This led to the slogan [[The purple shall govern]]. ====[[Astronomy]]==== * One of the [[star]]s in the [[Pleiades]], called [[Pleione (star)|Pleione]], is sometimes called Purple Pleione because, being a fast spinning star, it has a purple hue caused by its blue-white color being obscured by a spinning ring of electrically excited red [[hydrogen]] gas.<ref> Barnett, Lincoln and the editorial staff of Life ''The World We Live In'' New York:1955--Simon and Schuster--Page 284</ref> ====[[Billiards|Billiard Games]]==== * Purple is the color of the ball in [[Snooker Plus]] with a 10-point value. ==== [[Calendar]]s==== * Purple is associated with Saturday on the [[Thai solar calendar]]. Anyone may wear purple on Saturdays and anyone born on a Saturday may adopt purple as their color. ====[[Comedy]]==== * [[The Purple Onion]] is a celebrated [[comedy]] club in the [[North Beach]] area of [[San Francisco, California]].<ref> [http://www.purpleonioncomedy.com/ Home page for The Purple Onion:]</ref> ====[[Dance]]==== * The ''Purple Moon Dance Project'' is a [[dance]] group in San Francisco.<ref> [http://www.purplemoondance.org/ Purple Moon Dance Project website:]</ref> ====[[Fraternities]] and [[sororities]]==== *[[Sigma Lambda Beta]] recognizes royal purple and pure [[white]] as its official fraternal colors. *[[Sigma Lambda Gamma]] recognizes majestic purple and [[Pink#Shocking_pink|shocking pink]] as its official colors. *[[Omega Psi Phi]] recognizes royal purple and old gold as their official colors. ====[[Heraldry]]==== * Porpora, or [[purpure]], was not one of the usual [[tinctures]] in European [[heraldry]], being added at a late date to bring the number of tinctures plus metals to seven, so that they could be given planetary associations. The classic early example of purpure is in the [[coat of arms]] of the [[Kingdom of León]]: argent, a lion purpure, as early as 1245. ====[[History]]==== *Byzantine empresses gave birth in the Purple [[Chamber]] of the palace of the [[Byzantine Emperor]]s. Therefore, being named [[Porphyrogenitus]] ("born to the purple") marked a dynastic emperor as opposed to a general who won the throne by his effort. *In [[China]], the Chinese name of the [[Forbidden City]] literally means "purple forbidden city" 紫禁城 with first character 紫 meaning purple (even though the [[Chinese Emperor]] himself wore [[yellow]], which was considered in China to be the imperial color). ====[[Holocaust]]==== *The [[purple triangle]] was a [[Nazi concentration camp badges|Nazi concentration camp badge]] used by the [[Nazi party|Nazis]] to identify several un-orthodox non-conformist religious groups known as Bibelforscher, mostly [[Jehovah’s Witnesses]]. <ref> [http://www.cesnur.org/2006/sd_chryssides.htm Bibelforshcer—The German name for “Jehovah’s Witnesses”:]</ref> ====[[Literature]]==== *[[Alice Walker]], author of ''[[The Color Purple]],'' said, "Womanist is to feminist as purple is to [[Lavender (color)|lavender]]." *As a result of its association with royalty and luxury, the term 'purple' is often used to describe pretentious or overly embellished literature. For example, a paragraph containing an excessive number of long and unusual words is called a purple passage (see [[Purple prose]]). ====[[Microbiology]]==== *In April 2007 it was suggested that early [[archaea]] may have used [[retinal]], a purple pigment, instead of [[chlorophyll]], to extract [[energy]] from the [[sun]]. If so, large areas of the [[ocean]] and shoreline would have been colored purple; this is called the Purple Earth theory.<ref> [http://www.livescience.com/environment/070410_purple_earth.html Early Earth Was Purple, Study Suggests:]</ref> ====[[Military science|Military]]==== *In the [[United States]] and [[United Kingdom]] [[military|militaries]], ''purple'' refers to programs or assignments that are "joint", i. e., that are not confined to a single service such as the [[Army]] or [[Navy]], but apply to the entire defense establishment. Assignment to one or more joint [[billet]]s is required for promotion to [[flag rank]] ([[Admiral|Rear Admiral]] and higher) in the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]]. Officers in joint billets are sometimes referred to as "wearing purple" (the phrase is purely metaphorical as there are no purple uniforms in the U.S. or [[British Armed Forces|UK armed forces]]). *During and before [[World War II]], the [[Empire of Japan|Japanese]] used a code known as [[PURPLE]] or the Purple Code. The [[Allies]]' military successes in the [[Pacific theater]] depended on the fact that the Japanese did not know that Allied [[cryptographers]] had broken the code. * The [[Purple Heart]] is a [[United States]] [[Awards and decorations of the United States military|military decoration]] awarded in the name of the [[President of the United States]] to those who have been wounded or killed while serving on or after [[5 April]] [[1917]] with the [[Military of the United States|U.S. military]]. ====[[Music]]==== *[[Purple Rain]], song by [[Prince]] *[[Start Wearing Purple]] is a song by [[gypsy punk]] band [[Gogol Bordello]]. *[[Deep Purple]] is a [[rock and roll|rock]] band.<ref>[http://www.deep-purple.com/ Official Deep Purple website]</ref> *[[Deep Purple (song)|"Deep Purple" (song)]] is also the name of a popular song that was the favorite song of [[Babe Ruth]]. *"[[Purple People Eater]]" was one of the biggest rock and roll hits of 1958.<ref> [http://www.shebwooley.com/ppe.htm Lyrics and audio recording of the song Purple People Eater:]</ref> *"[[Purple Haze]]" is one of the most popular songs by [[Jimi Hendrix]].<ref>[http://www.lyricsfreak.com/j/jimi+hendrix/purple+haze_20071539.html Lyrics to the Jimi Hendrix song Purple Haze:]</ref> *Purple is the favorite color of the [[Pop music|pop]] [[celebrity]] [[Prince (musician)|Prince]]. His 1984 film and album ''[[Purple Rain (album)|Purple Rain]]'' is one of his best known works. The [[Purple Rain (song)|title track]] is Prince's [[signature song]] and is nearly always played in concert to this day. Prince encourages his fans to wear purple to his concerts.<ref> [http://prince.org/ Purple website for Prince fans:]</ref> *[[Purple Ribbon Records]] is a [[Hip hop|hip-hop]] [[record label]] owned by rapper [[Big Boi]] of the rap duo [[Outkast]]. 2005 saw the release of the mixtape ''[[Got Purp? Vol 2]]'' featuring the [[Purple Ribbon All-Stars]] and other artists on the label. *''[[Purple (album)|Purple]]'' is a 1994 album by the band [[Stone Temple Pilots]]. *''Purple Music, Inc'' is a company in [[Switzerland]] that produces [[house music]].<ref>[http://www.purplemusic.ch/index2.html Purple Music, Inc (Producers of House Music):]</ref> * The [[New Riders of the Purple Sage]] is an American [[country rock]] band. The group emerged from the [[psychedelic rock]] scene in San Francisco in 1969, and its original lineup included members of the [[Grateful Dead]]. * Purple was [[Frank Zappa]]'s favorite color. <ref> There is a 1971 article in [[Life magazine]] called ''Rock Stars and Their Parents''. It shows Frank Zappa posing with his parents in his electric purple living room. </ref> * [[The Purple Bottle]] is a song by [[noise pop]] band [[Animal Collective]] from their [[Feels]] album. ====[[Oenology]]==== * There is a [[winemaker]] in the [[Napa Valley AVA|Napa Valley]] of [[Northern California]] named Alex Cose who is with a company called the ''Purple Wine Co.'' that specializes in the production of [[wine]]s for [[restaurant]]s that is poured by the glass.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/08/17/WII1R5HC9.DTL&type=printable The Purple Pinot Maker:]</ref> ====[[Parapsychology]]==== *People with purple [[Aura (paranormal)|auras]] are said to have a love of ritual and ceremony.<ref> [[Swami Panchadasi]] ''The Human Aura: Astral Colors and Thought Forms'' Des Plaines, Illinois, USA:1912--Yogi Publications Society Page 37</ref> ====[[Politics]]==== *In the [[politics in the Netherlands]], [[purple (government)|purple]] ("paars" in Dutch) means a government coalition of right-liberals and [[socialism|socialists]] (symbolized by blue and red, respectively), as opposed to the more common coalitions of the [[Christian democracy in the Netherlands|Christian-democratic]] center-party with one of the other two. From 1994 to 2002 there have been two purple cabinets. *In [[United States]] [[politics]], a ''purple state'' is a state equally balanced between [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]s (normally symbolized by [[red]]) and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]s (normally symbolized as [[blue]])(See [[Red states and blue states#Purple states|red states and blue states]]). *In [[United Kingdom|British]] [[politics]], purple is used to represent the [[United Kingdom Independence Party]], a eurosceptic party wanting to pull Britain out of the European Union ====[[Rhyme]]==== *[[Robert Burns]] rhymes purple with "curple" in his Epistle to Mrs. Scott. Burns is, as far as we can tell, the only writer to have used the word. A curple refers to 1) the small of the waist before the flare of the hips or 2) a derriere, rump or behind. * Curple is a word out of [[Scotland]], which refers to the hindquarters of a horse. The current Shorter OED lists 'curple' dating from 1591. *In the song [[Grace Kelly]] by [[Mika (singer)|Mika]] the word purple is rhymed with "hurtful". *In his hit song "[[Dang Me]]," [[Roger Miller]] sings these lines: <blockquote>[[Rose]]s are [[red]], [[violet (plant)|violets]] are purple</br> [[Sugar]] is sweet and so is [[maple syrup|maple surple]] ''[sic]''</blockquote> * Hirple is a British word, which means "to walk lamely or hobble". ====[[Religious text|Sacred Scriptures]]==== * In the Byzantine Empire, [[Gospels|Gospel]] [[manuscript]]s were written in gold lettering on [[parchment]] that was colored Tyrian purple.<ref> Varichon, Anne ''Colors:What They Mean and How to Make Them'' New York:2006 Abrams Page 140 – This information is in the caption of a [[color printing|color]] illustration showing an [[8th Century]] manuscript page of the [[Gospel of Luke]] written in gold on Tyrian purple parchment. </ref> ====[[Science Fiction]]==== * In the [[Star Trek]] [[Fictional universe|universe]], [[Klingon]]s have purple [[blood]].<ref>[[Rick Berman|Berman, Rick]] and Braga, Brannan (Creators of ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'') editors ''Glass Empires'' (Three Tales of the [[Mirror universe|Mirror Universe]]--''Age of the Empress'' by Karen Ward and Kevin Dilmore [ Story by Mike Sussman ]; ''Sorrows of [[Terran Empire|Empire]]'' by David Mack; ''The Worst of Both Worlds'' by Greg Cox) New York:2007 Pocket Books, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. (Trade Paperback) Page 363</ref> * In the [[Star Wars]] universe, [[Jedi Master]] [[Mace Windu]] has a purple [[lightsaber]]. *[[Trance Gemini]] from [[Gene Roddenberry's Andromeda]] was purple in the first few season. ====[[Human sexuality|Sexuality]]==== In modern times, purple is often associated with [[homosexuality]]. * At the [[24 June]] [[2007]] [[San Francisco Pride|San Francisco Gay Pride Parade]], [[Yahoo]] passed out 3 7/16" diameter round plastic stickers with a picture of a gay man or woman imaged as one of the Yahoo [[Gay pride|Gay Pride]] [[Avatar (computing)|avatars]] against an [[Purple#Purple (HTML/CSS color)|HTML/CSS Purple]] background that said ''Out, Proud, and Purple''.<ref>[http://events.yahoo.com/pride07/ Yahoo Gay Pride Avatars:]</ref> * The ''Purple Party'' is a gay [[circuit party]] that has taken place on the third weekend in April in [[Dallas, Texas]] since 2001. It is produced by the ''Purple Foundation'' to benefit gay charities. <ref> [http://www.dallaspurpleparty.org/ Dallas Purple Party:] </ref> * In the mid 1970s, there was a gay piano bar at 2223 Market St. between Noe and Castro in San Francisco called the ''Purple Pickle''.<ref> ''San Francisco Frontiers [Biweekly Gay] Newsmagazine'' Volume 15, Issue 4 June 20, 1996 Gay Pride Issue Pages 38-39 ''Can You Remember When?'' ''The List'' --List of Every Gay Bar that Ever Existed in San Francisco</ref> ====[[Sports]]==== The [[National Basketball Association|NBA]]'s [[Los Angeles Lakers]], [[Phoenix Suns]] and [[Sacramento Kings]] use purple as their primary color, though the former call purple as "Forum Blue", in reference to their old arena [[The Forum]]. For a time, the [[Milwaukee Bucks]], [[Toronto Raptors]] and [[Utah Jazz]] use purple, but have since abandoned. In baseball, purple is one of the primary colors for the [[Colorado Rockies]]. In the [[National Football League]], the [[Minnesota Vikings]] and [[Baltimore Ravens]] use purple as main colors. == See also == *[[List of colors]] *[[Purpure]] ==References== {{sisterlinks|purple}} <!--See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> tags--> {{reflist|2}} ==Further reading== *"The perception of color", from Schiffman, H.R. (1990) ''Sensation and perception: An integrated approach'' (3rd edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons. == External links == *[http://www.sensationalcolor.com/content/view/1061/144/ All About The Color Purple] *[http://home.i1.net/~dwolfe/hexmixer/prplmx.html Hex Mixer Purple Color Chart] *[http://www.purple.com All About Purple Humor Website] <!-- Navigational templates belong after external links--> {{web colors}} {{Shades of violet}} <!--Yes, this is the correct name of the template; {{Shades of purple}} is a non-existent template--> [[arc:ܐܪܓܘܢܐ]] [[ca:Porpra]] [[de:Purpur (Farbe)]] [[el:Μωβ]] [[es:Púrpura]] [[eu:Gorrindol]] [[fr:Pourpre]] [[ko:자주색]] [[hi:पर्पल]] [[id:Ungu]] [[it:Porpora]] [[he:סגול]] [[ja:紫]] [[ce:Лилула-сийна]] [[pt:Púrpura (cor)]] [[ru:Пурпурный цвет]] [[fi:Purppura]] [[th:สีม่วง]] [[vi:Tía]] [[tr:Mor (renk)]] [[uk:Пурпурний колір]] [[zh:紫色]]