Pyridoxine
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Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/72.23.114.233|72.23.114.233]] ([[User talk:72.23.114.233|talk]]) to last version by 90.191.146.112
{{Chembox new
| Reference = <ref>[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/SIGMA/P5669 Pyridoxine] at [[Sigma-Aldrich]]</ref>
| Name = Pyridoxine
| ImageFile = Pyridoxine structure.svg
<!-- | ImageSize = 120px -->
| ImageName = Pyridoxine
| OtherNames = 3-Hydroxy-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)-</br>2-methylpyridine
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 65-23-6
| PubChem = 1054
| SMILES = CC1=NC=C(C(=C1O)CO)CO
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>11</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 169.18 g/mol
| Density =
| MeltingPt = 159-162 °C
| BoilingPt =
}}
}}
'''Pyridoxine''' is one of the compounds that can be called [[vitamin B6]], along with [[Pyridoxal]] and [[Pyridoxamine]]. It differs from [[pyridoxamine]] by the substituent at the '4' position. It is often used as 'pyridoxine hydrochloride'.
==Chemistry==
It is based on a [[pyridine]] ring, with [[hydroxyl]], [[methyl]], and hydroxymethyl [[substituent]]s. It is converted to the biologically active form [[pyridoxal 5-phosphate]].
==Function in the body==
Pyridoxine assists in the balancing of sodium and potassium as well as promoting red blood cell production. It is linked to cardiovascular health by decreasing the formation of [[homocysteine]]. It has been suggested that Pyridoxine might help children with learning difficulties, and may also prevent dandruff, eczema, and psoriasis.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} In addition, pyridoxine can help balance hormonal changes in women and aid in immune system. Lack of pyridoxine may cause anemia, nerve damage, seizures, skin problems, and sores in the mouth<ref>www.HowStuffWorks.com - [http://health.howstuffworks.com/vitamin-b1.htm vitamin-b1]</ref>.
It is required for the production of the [[monoamine]] [[neurotransmitter]]s [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], [[noradrenaline]] and [[adrenaline]], as it is the precursor to [[pyridoxal phosphate]]: cofactor for the enzyme [[Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase|aromatic amino acid decarboxylase]]. This enzyme is responsible for converting the precusors [[5-hydroxytryptophan]] (5-HTP) into [[serotonin]] and [[levodopa]] (L-DOPA) into [[dopamine]], [[noradrenaline]] and [[adrenaline]]. As such it has been implicated in the treatment of [[clinical depression|depression]] and [[anxiety]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
A very good source of pyridoxine is [[dragon fruit]] from [[South East Asia]]{{Fact|date=June 2007}}
==Medicinal uses==
It is given to patients taking [[isoniazid]] to combat the toxic side effects of the drug. Pyridoxine is given 10-50 mg/day to patients on INH (Isoniazid) to prevent [[peripheral neuropathy]] and [[CNS]] effects that are associated with the use of isoniazid.
Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> can be compounded into a variety of different dosage forms. It can be used orally as a tablet, capsule, or solution. It can also be used as a nasal spray or for injection when in its solution form. The following is a procedure for producing a diluting solution of vitamin B6, taken from the USP/NF.
"Diluting Solution: Dissolve 25g of edentate disodium in 1000mL of water and mix. Dissolve an accurately weighed quantity of USP Pyridoxine Hydrochloride RS in Diluting Solution, and dilute quantitatively, and stepwise if necessary, with Diluting Solution to obtain a Solution having a known concentration of about 0.024mg/mL."<ref>Council of Experts. USP/NF. 2006 Ed. Rockville, MD: The United States Pharmacopeial Convention; 2005.</ref>
Vitamin B6 is usually safe, at intakes up to 200 mg per day in adults. However, vitamin B6 can cause neurological disorders, such as loss of sensation in legs and imbalance, when taken in high doses (200 mg or more per day) over a long period of time. Vitamin B6 toxicity can damage sensory nerves, leading to numbness in the hands and feet as well as difficulty walking. Symptoms of a pyridoxine overdose may include poor coordination, staggering, numbness, decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration, and tiredness for up to six months.<ref>[http://www.vitamins-supplements.org/vitamin-B6-pyridoxine.php Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) - sources, benefits, dosage, deficiency, overdose, toxicity<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==References==
<references/>
{{Vitamin}}
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