Quebec City
100727
225848183
2008-07-15T18:01:58Z
208.96.123.75
/* Media */
{{Cleanup|date=February 2008}}
{{Refimprove|date=February 2008}}
{{Missing information|Economy|date=June 2008}}
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Quebec City
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|other_name =
|native_name = Ville de Québec <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->
|nickname = La Vieille Capitale
|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|motto = Don de Dieu feray valoir </br>("I shall put God's gift to good use"; the ''Don de Dieu'' was Champlain's ship)
|image_skyline = Quebec city.jpg
|image size =250px
|image_caption = ''Quebec City skyline''
|image_flag = Flag of Quebec City.svg
|flag_size = 140px
|image_shield = Quebeccitycoa.jpg
|shield_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_map size =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|push pin_map = <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|push pin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|push pin_map_caption =
|push pin_map size =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{CAN}}
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = {{QC}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[Agglomeration]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Agglomeration of Quebec City|Quebec City]]
|subdivision_type3 = Statute of the city
|subdivision_name3 = [[Capitale-Nationale]]
|subdivision_type4 = Administrative Region
|subdivision_name4 = [[Capitale-Nationale]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =Mayor
|leader_name =[[Régis Labeaume]]
|leader_title1 = Majority leader
|leader_name1 =[[Jean-Marie Matte]]
|leader_title2 =Federal senator
|leader_name2 =[[Dennis Dawson]]
|leader_title3 =[[Members of the Canadian House of Commons|MPs]]
|leader_name3 ={{Collapsible list
|title = List of MPs
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 =[[Luc Harvey]]
|2 =[[Josée Verner]]
|3 = [[Christiane Gagnon]]
|4=[[Michel Guimond]]
|5=[[Daniel Petit]]
|6=[[Sylvie Boucher]]
|7=
}}
|leader_title4 =[[National Assembly of Quebec|MNAs]]
|leader_name4 ={{Collapsible list
|title = List of MNAs
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
|list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
|1 = [[Hubert Benoît]]
|2 = [[Philippe Couillard]]
|3 = [[Jean-François Gosselin]]
|4=[[Sam Hamad]]
|5=[[Éric Caire]]
|6=[[Sylvain Légaré]]
|7=[[Agnès Maltais]]
|8=[[Catherine Morissette]]
|9=[[Gilles Taillon]]
}}
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = July 3, 1608 by [[Samuel de Champlain]]
|established_title2 = Constitution date
|established_date2 = 1833
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|established_date3 =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 454.26 <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
|area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 = 3276.53
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = [[Canada 2006 Census|2006]]<ref name="StatCan1">[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2423027&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=Quebec&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= Statistics Canada.] 2006 Community Profiles - Census Subdivision - Quebec City</ref><ref name="StatCan2">[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CMA&Code1=421__&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=Quebec&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= Statistics Canada.] 2006 Community Profiles - Census Metropolitan Area - Quebec City</ref>
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 491,142 ([[List of the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population|Ranked 10th]])
|population_density_km2 = 1081.2
|population_density_sq_mi =
|population_metro = 715,515 ([[List of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in Canada|Ranked 7th]])
|population_density_metro_km2 = 218.4
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =
|population_density_urban_km2 =
|population_density_urban_sq_mi =
|population_blank1_title =[[Quebec City Area|Région de Québec]]
|population_blank1 =1064047
|population_density_blank1_km2 =
|population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
|timezone = Eastern
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST =
|utc_offset_DST =
|latd=46 |latm=48 |lats= |latNS=N
|longd=71 |longm=23 |longs= |longEW=W
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code =
|area_code = [[Area code 418/581|418/581]]
|blank_name =[[Standard Geographical Classification code (Canada)|SGC code]]
|blank_info = 24 23 027
|blank1_name = [[National Topographic System|NTS]] Map
|blank1_info = 021L14
|blank2_name = [[Geographical Names Board of Canada|GNBC]] Code
|blank2_info = EHTWR
|blank3_name =
|blank3_info =
|website = [http://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/accueil/index.shtml Official website of Quebec City]
|footnotes =
}}'''Quebec City''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Ville de Québec'', or simply ''Québec'') ({{pronEng|kwɨˈbɛk}} or {{IPA|/keˈbɛk/}}) is the [[capital]] of the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Provinces and territories of Canada|province]] of [[Quebec]] and is located within the [[Capitale-Nationale]] region. It is the second largest city in the province, after [[Montreal]]. Quebec City is about {{convert|233|km|0}} away from Montreal. The [[Ramparts of Quebec City|ramparts]] surrounding [[Old Quebec]] (''Vieux-Québec'') are the only remaining fortified [[city walls]] in the [[Americas]] north of [[Mexico]], and were declared a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|UNESCO]] in 1985 as the "Historic District of Old Quebec".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/sevenwonders/wonder_quebec_city.html |title=Old Quebec City, Seven Wonders of Canada |accessdate=2008-02-12 |format=HTML |work=cbc.ca }}</ref> It is also one of the [[List of North American cities by year of foundation|oldest cities]] in [[North America]] (founded in 1608). As of the [[Canada 2006 Census|2006 Canadian Census]], the city has a population of 491,142<ref name="StatCan1">.</ref>, and the [[metropolitan area]] has a population of 715,515<ref name="StatCan2">.</ref>.
The narrow width of the river as it enters the towns of Quebec and [[Lévis]], on the opposite bank, provided the name given to the city, ''Kébec'' being the [[Algonquin]] word meaning "where the river narrows". Quebec City is internationally known for its [[Quebec City Summer Festival|Summer Festival]], [[Quebec Winter Carnival|Winter Carnival]] and the [[Château Frontenac]], a historic [[hotel]] which dominates the city skyline. The [[National Assembly of Quebec]] (provincial parliament), the ''Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec'' (National Museum of Fine Arts) and the [[Musée de la civilisation]] (Museum of Civilization) are found within or near Vieux-Québec.
Among the tourist attractions near the city are [[Montmorency Falls]] and the [[Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré]] in the town of [[Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré, Quebec|Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré]].
==History==
{{Main article|History of Quebec City}}
{{See also|Name of Quebec City}}
[[Image:Samuel de champlain.jpg|thumb|left|Traditional representation of [[Samuel de Champlain]].]]
===Early history: from Stadacona to Seven Years War===
Quebec City is one of the oldest European settlements in [[North America]]. While many of the major cities in [[Mexico]] date from the [[1500|sixteenth century]], among cities in the U.S. and Canada only [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador]], [[Port Royal, Nova Scotia]], [[St. Augustine, Florida]], [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]], [[Jamestown, Virginia]] and [[Tadoussac, Quebec]] were created earlier than Quebec City. However, Quebec City is the first to have been founded with the goal of receiving permanent [[Settlement (migration)|settlement]], and not as a [[Commerce|commercial]] [[outpost]], and therefore is considered to be the first European-built [[city]] in non-[[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish North America]].
Québec was founded by [[Samuel de Champlain]] on [[3 July]] [[1608]] at the site of a long abandoned [[Laurentian language|St. Lawrence Iroquoian]] settlement called Stadacona. It was to this settlement that the [[Canada's name|name "Canada"]] refers. Although called the cradle of the [[Francophone]] population in North America, the Acadian settlement at Port-Royal antedates it. The place seemed favourable to the establishment of a permanent colony.
[[Image:Quebec nouvelle france.jpg|thumb|Quebec City in 1700]]
Before Champlain, French explorer [[Jacques Cartier]] built a fort at the site in 1535, where he stayed for the winter before going back to France in spring 1536. He came back in 1541 with the goal of building a permanent settlement. This first settlement was abandoned less than one year after its foundation, in the summer 1542, due in large part to the hostility of the natives combined with the harsh living conditions during winter.
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Quebec3DMural.jpg|thumb|right|Mural featuring prominent people in Quebec City's history.]] -->
At the end of French rule in 1763, the territory of present-day Quebec City was a world of contrasts. Forests, villages, fields and pastures surrounded the town of 8 000 inhabitants. The town distinguished itself by its monumental architecture, fortifications, muddy and filthy streets, affluent homes of masonry and shacks in the suburbs St-Jean and St-Roch. Despite its urbanity and its status as capital, Quebec City remained a small colonial city with close ties to its rural surroundings. Nearby inhabitants traded their farm surpluses and firewood for imported goods from France at the two city markets.
Quebec City was captured by the British in 1759 and held until 1763. It was the site of the [[Battle of the Plains of Abraham]] during the [[Seven Years' War]], in which British troops under General [[James Wolfe]] defeated the French general [[Louis-Joseph de Montcalm]] and took the city. France later ceded [[New France]] to Britain.
===British rule===
During the [[American Revolution]], revolutionary troops from the southern colonies assaulted the British garrison in an attempt to 'liberate' Quebec City now known as the [[Battle of Quebec (1775)|Battle of Quebec]]. The defeat of the revolutionaries from the south put an end to the hopes that the peoples of Quebec would rise and join the [[American Revolution|Revolution]]. Major General [[Isaac Brock]] fortified Quebec City by strengthening the walls and building an elevated [[artillery]] battery before the [[War of 1812]].
In 1840, after the Province of Canada was formed, the capital was shared between [[Kingston, Ontario|Kingston]], [[Montreal]], [[Toronto]], [[Ottawa]] and Quebec City (from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866). In 1867, Ottawa (which was chosen to be the permanent capital of the Province of Canada) was chosen to be the capital of the Dominion of Canada. The [[Quebec Conference, 1864|Quebec Conference]] on [[Canadian Confederation]] was held here.
[[Image:Quebec City Map 1906.jpg|thumb|Quebec City Downtown map in 1906]]
===20th and 21st centuries===
During [[World War II]], two conferences were held in Quebec City. The first one was held in 1943 with [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] (the [[United States]]' president),[[Winston Churchill]] (the [[United Kingdom]]'s prime minister), [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] (Canada's prime minister) and [[T.V. Soong]] ([[republic of China|China's]] minister of foreign affairs). The second one was held in 1944, and was attended by Churchill and Roosevelt. They took place in the buildings of the [[Citadelle of Quebec|Citadelle]] and of nearby [[Château Frontenac]]. A large part of the [[D-Day]] Landings plans were made during those meetings.
===Capital===
Throughout its four hundred years of existence, Quebec City has served as a capital. From 1608 to 1627 and 1632 to 1763, it was capital of French [[Canada (New France)|Canada]] and all of [[New France]], from 1763 to 1791, it was the capital of the [[Province of Quebec (1763-1791)|Province of Quebec]], from 1791 to 1841, it was the capital of [[Lower Canada]], from 1852 to 1856 and from 1859 to 1866, it was capital of the [[Province of Canada]] and from 1867 to today, it has been capital of [[Quebec]].
== Geography==
[[Image:Quebec city-satellite image.jpg|thumb|left|Satellite image: Quebec City on the north bank of the St. Lawrence river, [[Lévis]] on the south bank, and the western point of the [[Île d'Orléans]]]]
[[Image:Ville de Québec01.jpg|thumb|200px|In winter]]
Quebec City is located in the [[Saint Lawrence River]] valley, on the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River near its meeting with the St. Charles River. The region is low-lying and flat. The river valley has rich, arable
soil, which makes this region the most fertile in the province. The [[Laurentian Mountains]] lie to the north of the city.
Upper Town lies on the top of Cap-Diamant (Cape Diamond) promontory. A high stone wall surrounds this portion of the city. The [[Plains of Abraham]] are located near the edge of the promontory. Lower Town is located at shore level, below Cap-Diamant.
{{clr}}
=== Climate ===
Quebec City has a humid continental climate ([[Koppen climate classification]] Dfb) characterized by cold and snowy winters, warm and rather humid summers, and ample precipitation throughout the year. Quebec City is one of the snowiest cities in Canada (the mean annual snowfall is 384 cm) and is almost guaranteed a [[white Christmas]]. The prolonged winter season and ample snowfall led to the idea of establishing the [[Quebec Winter Carnival]]. The transitional seasons, spring and autumn, are rather short, although autumn produces spectacular foliage colors. The summer is the sunniest, and paradoxically, the wettest time of year.
<!--
{{-}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size:90%;width:100%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;"
! colspan= "13" style="background: #6688AA; color: white;" | <big>Climate in Toronto</big>
|-
! colspan= "13" style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Temperature
|-
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" height="16" | Month
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jan
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Feb
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Mar
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Apr
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | May
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jun
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jul
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Aug
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Sep
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Oct
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Nov
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Dec
|-
! height="16;" |Record high °C (°F)
| style="background: #B78747; color: black;" | 16 (61)
| style="background: #AF864F; color: black;" | 14 (58)
| style="background: #D78B27; color: black;" | 27 (80)
| style="background: #E78D17; color: black;" | 32 (90)
| style="background: #EF8F0F; color: black;" | 34 (94)
| style="background: #F5930A; color: black;" | 37 (98)
| style="background: #FF9900; color: black;" | 41 (105)
| style="background: #FA9605; color: black;" | 39 (102)
| style="background: #FA9605; color: black;" | 38 (100)
| style="background: #E78D17; color: black;" | 30 (86)
| style="background: #CF8A2F; color: black;" | 24 (75)
| style="background: #BF883F; color: black;" | 20 (68)
|-
! height="16;" |Average high °C (°F)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -1 (30)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | 0 (32)
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 5 (40)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 11 (52)
| style="background: #BF883F; color: black;" | 19 (65)
| style="background: #CF8A2F; color: black;" | 24 (74)
| style="background: #D78B27; color: black;" | 26 (80)
| style="background: #D78B27; color: black;" | 25 (78)
| style="background: #C78937; color: black;" | 21 (69)
| style="background: #AF864F; color: black;" | 14 (57)
| style="background: #978367; color: black;" | 7 (45)
| style="background: #878177; color: black;" | 2 (35)
|-
! height="16;" |Average °C (°F)
| style="background: #6F7C8F; color: black;" | -4 (24)
| style="background: #6F7C8F; color: black;" | -3 (26)
| style="background: #878177; color: black;" | 1 (34)
| style="background: #9F845F; color: black;" | 8 (46)
| style="background: #AF864F; color: black;" | 14 (58)
| style="background: #BF883F; color: black;" | 19 (67)
| style="background: #C78937; color: black;" | 22 (72)
| style="background: #C78937; color: black;" | 21 (70)
| style="background: #B78747; color: black;" | 17 (63)
| style="background: #A78557; color: black;" | 11 (51)
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 5 (41)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -1 (30)
|-
! height="16;" |Average low °C (°F)
| style="background: #677B97; color: black;" | -7 (19)
| style="background: #677B97; color: black;" | -6 (21)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -2 (28)
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 4 (39)
| style="background: #9F845F; color: black;" | 10 (50)
| style="background: #AF864F; color: black;" | 15 (59)
| style="background: #BF883F; color: black;" | 18 (64)
| style="background: #B78747; color: black;" | 17 (63)
| style="background: #B78747; color: black;" | 13 (56)
| style="background: #978367; color: black;" | 7 (45)
| style="background: #878177; color: black;" | 2 (36)
| style="background: #6F7C8F; color: black;" | -4 (25)
|-
! height="16;" |Record low °C (°F)
| style="background: #0F6FEF; color: black;" | -33 (-27)
| style="background: #1771E7; color: black;" | -32 (-25)
| style="background: #2773D7; color: black;" | -27 (-16)
| style="background: #4777B7; color: black;" | -15 (5)
| style="background: #6F7C8F; color: black;" | -4 (25)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -2 (28)
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 4 (39)
| style="background: #8F826F; color: black;" | 4 (40)
| style="background: #777D87; color: black;" | -2 (28)
| style="background: #5F7A9F; color: black;" | -9 (16)
| style="background: #3775C7; color: black;" | -21 (-5)
| style="background: #1771E7; color: black;" | -30 (-22)
|-
! colspan= "13" style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Precipitation and Sunshine Hours
|-
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" height="16" | Month
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jan
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Feb
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Mar
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Apr
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | May
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jun
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Jul
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Aug
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Sep
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Oct
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Nov
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Dec
|-
! height="16;" |Total mm (in)
| style="background: #6C9BB5; color: black;" | 61 (2.4)
| style="background: #789EB5; color: black;" | 51 (2)
| style="background: #689AB5; color: black;" | 66 (2.6)
| style="background: #689AB5; color: black;" | 70 (2.7)
| style="background: #6499B5; color: black;" | 73 (2.9)
| style="background: #6499B5; color: black;" | 72 (2.8)
| style="background: #689AB5; color: black;" | 68 (2.7)
| style="background: #6098B5; color: black;" | 80 (3.1)
| style="background: #5C97B5; color: black;" | 83 (3.3)
| style="background: #6C9BB5; color: black;" | 65 (2.6)
| style="background: #6499B5; color: black;" | 76 (3)
| style="background: #6499B5; color: black;" | 71 (2.8)
|-
! height="16;" |Rainfall mm (in)
| style="background: #84A1B5; color: black;" | 29 (1.2)
| style="background: #84A1B5; color: black;" | 26 (1)
| style="background: #7C9FB5; color: black;" | 42 (1.7)
| style="background: #6C9BB5; color: black;" | 63 (2.5)
| style="background: #6499B5; color: black;" | 73 (2.9)
| style="background: #6499B5; color: black;" | 72 (2.8)
| style="background: #689AB5; color: black;" | 68 (2.7)
| style="background: #6098B5; color: black;" | 80 (3.1)
| style="background: #5C97B5; color: black;" | 83 (3.3)
| style="background: #6C9BB5; color: black;" | 65 (2.6)
| style="background: #689AB5; color: black;" | 67 (2.7)
| style="background: #7C9FB5; color: black;" | 42 (1.7)
|-
! height="16;" |Snowfall cm (in)
| style="background: #B5B5B5; color: black;" | 38 (15)
| style="background: #A5A5A5; color: black;" | 27 (10.5)
| style="background: #A3A3A3; color: black;" | 22 (8.7)
| style="background: #8A8A8A; color: black;" | 6 (2.4)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0 (0)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0 (0)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0 (0)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0 (0)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0 (0)
| style="background: #838383; color: black;" | 0.1 (0)
| style="background: #8E8E8E; color: black;" | 8 (3.2)
| style="background: #AAAAAA; color: black;" | 32 (12.7)
|-
! height="16;" |Sunshine hours
| style="background: #E2CF70; color: black;" | 88
| style="background: #E4CF68; color: black;" | 110
| style="background: #E9D154; color: black;" | 156
| style="background: #ECD148; color: black;" | 185
| style="background: #F1D238; color: black;" | 229
| style="background: #F4D32C; color: black;" | 256
| style="background: #F5D328; color: black;" | 276
| style="background: #E8D058; color: black;" | 241
| style="background: #ECD148; color: black;" | 188
| style="background: #E8D058; color: black;" | 148
| style="background: #E2CF70; color: black;" | 84
| style="background: #E1CF74; color: black;" | 75
|-
! rowspan= "4" colspan= "4" style="background: #DDDDDD;" | Data recorded at [[Toronto, Ontario|Downtown Toronto]]<br>Data obtained from [http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?Province=ALL&StationName=toronto&SearchType=BeginsWith&LocateBy=Province&Proximity=25&ProximityFrom=City&StationNumber=&IDType=MSC&CityName=&ParkName=&LatitudeDegrees=&LatitudeMinutes=&LongitudeDegrees=&LongitudeMinutes=&NormalsClass=A&SelNormals=&StnId=5051& Environment Canada]<br>Data spans 1971 to 2000
! rowspan= "4" colspan= "2" style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Annual Averages
! colspan= "3" style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Temperature
! colspan= "3" style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Precipitation
! rowspan= "2" style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Sunshine
|-
! style="background: #446688; color: white;" | High
! style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Mean
! style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Low
! style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Total
! style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Rain
! style="background: #446688; color: white;" | Snow
|-
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | °C (°F)
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | °C (°F)
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | °C (°F)
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | mm (in)
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | mm (in)
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | cm (in)
! style="background: #DDDDDD;" | hours
|-
| style="background: #AF864F; color: black;" | 13 (55)
| style="background: #9F845F; color: black;" | 9 (49)
| style="background: #978367; color: black;" | 6 (42)
| style="background: #3086B5; color: black;" | 834 (32.8)
| style="background: #4090B5; color: black;" | 710 (27.9)
| style="background: #BABABA; color: black;" | 133 (52.4)
| style="background: #F1D238; color: black;" | 2038
|}
http://www.climate.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?Province=QUE%20&StationName=&SearchType=&LocateBy=Province&Proximity=25&ProximityFrom=City&StationNumber=&IDType=MSC&CityName=&ParkName=&LatitudeDegrees=&LatitudeMinutes=&LongitudeDegrees=&LongitudeMinutes=&NormalsClass=A&SelNormals=&StnId=5251&
-->
{{clr}}
==Cityscape==
[[Image:Quebec - Arrondissements.svg|right|thumb|Quebec City's eight boroughs.]]
On [[January 1]], [[2002]], the former towns of [[Sainte-Foy, Quebec|Sainte-Foy]], [[Beauport, Quebec|Beauport]], [[Charlesbourg, Quebec|Charlesbourg]], [[Sillery, Quebec|Sillery]], [[Loretteville, Quebec|Loretteville]], [[Val-Bélair, Quebec|Val-Bélair]], [[Cap-Rouge, Quebec|Cap-Rouge]], [[Saint-Émile, Quebec|Saint-Émile]], [[Vanier, Quebec|Vanier]], [[L'Ancienne-Lorette, Quebec|L'Ancienne-Lorette]], [[Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures, Quebec|Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures]] and [[Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec|Lac-Saint-Charles]] were annexed by Quebec City. This was one of several [[municipal reorganization in Quebec|municipal mergers]] which took place across Quebec on that date. Following a demerger referendum, L'Ancienne-Lorette and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures were reconstituted as separate municipalities on [[January 1]], [[2006]], but the other former municipalities remain part of Quebec City.
Quebec City has thirty-four [[district]]s in eight [[borough]]s.
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- bgcolor = "cccccc"
|'''Borough''' || align ="center" | '''Districts'''
|-
| [[La Cité (Quebec City)|La Cité]]
| [[old Quebec|Latin/Old Quebec]] '''·''' [[Gay Quarter of Quebec City|Quartier gai]] '''·''' [[Saint-Jean-Baptiste]] '''·''' [[Montcalm]] '''·''' Saint-Sacrement '''·''' Petit Champlain '''·''' Saint-Sauveur '''·''' [[Saint-Roch (Quebec City)|Saint-Roch]] '''·''' Saint-Malo '''
|-
| [[Les Rivières (Quebec City)|Les Rivières]]
|[[Lebourgneuf]], [[Duberger]], [[Les Saules]] and [[Vanier, Quebec|Vanier]]
|-
| [[Sainte-Foy—Sillery]]
| Cité universitaire '''·''' Saint-Louis '''·''' Sillery '''·''' Pointe-de-Ste-Foy
|-
| [[Charlesbourg, Quebec|Charlesbourg]]
| Saint-Rodrigue '''·''' Des Sentiers '''·''' Des Monts
|-
| [[Beauport, Quebec|Beauport]]
| Vieux-Moulin '''·''' Sainte-Thérèse-de-Lisieux '''·''' Villeneuve '''·''' Courville
|-
| [[Limoilou]]
| [[Maizerets]] '''·''' Vieux-Limoilou '''·''' Lairet '''·''' Du Colisée
|-
| [[La Haute-Saint-Charles]]
| [[Lac-Saint-Charles, Quebec|Lac-Saint-Charles]], [[Saint-Émile, Quebec|Saint-Émile]], [[Neufchâtel, Quebec|Neufchâtel]] and [[Loretteville, Quebec|Loretteville]]
|-
| [[Laurentien (Quebec City)|Laurentien]]
|[[Val-Bélair]], [[Cap-Rouge]]
|-
|colspan="2"|<small>*These neighbourhoods are not legally separate.</small>
|}
===Architecture===
[[Image:Chateau Frontenac in Halifax.jpg|right|thumb|[[Château Frontenac]], in the Haute-Ville (Upper Town)]]
Much of the city's best architecture is located east of the fortification walls in [[Vieux-Québec]] (Old Quebec) and [[Old Quebec|Place Royale]]. This area has a distinct European feel with its stone buildings and winding streets lined with shops and restaurants. Porte St-Louis and Porte St-Jean are the main gates through the walls from the modern section of downtown. West of the walls are the Parliament Hill district and the [[Plains of Abraham]].
The Upper Town is linked by the ''Escalier «casse-cou»'' (literally "neck-breaking" steps) and the [[Old Quebec Funicular]] to the Lower Town, which includes such sites as the ancient [[Notre Dame des Victoires]] church, the historic Petit Champlain district, the port, and the [[Musée de la Civilisation]] (Museum of Civilization). The Lower Town is filled with original architecture and street designs, dating back to the city's beginnings. Murals and statues are also featured. The Lower Town is also noted for its wide variety of [[boutiques]], many featuring hand-crafted goods.
[[Image:QuebecCitySum04.jpg|left|thumb|Notre Dame des Victoires church, Basse-Ville (Lower Town)]]
Quebec City's skyline is dominated by the massive [[Château Frontenac]] Hotel, perched on top of Cap-Diamant. The hotel is beside the Terrasse Dufferin (Dufferin Terrace), a walkway along the edge of the cliff, offering beautiful views of the Saint Lawrence River.
The Terrasse Dufferin leads toward the nearby [[Plains of Abraham]], site of the battle in which the [[United Kingdom|British]] took Quebec from [[France]], and the [[Citadelle of Quebec]], a [[Canadian Forces]] installation and the [[Governor General of Canada|federal vice-regal secondary residence]]. The [[National Assembly of Québec|National Assembly]], Quebec's provincial legislature, is also near the [[Citadelle]].
Near the Château Frontenac is [[Notre-Dame de Québec Cathedral]], mother church of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec]]. It is the first church in the [[New World]] to be raised to a [[basilica]] and is the [[primate (religion)|primatial]] church of Canada.
{{clr}}
==Government==
[[Image:Hoteldevilledequebec.jpg|thumb|right|City Hall of Quebec City]]
[[Image:L'Assemblée Nationale du Québec.jpg|thumb|right|[[National Assembly of Quebec|National Assembly]], Quebec City]]
The current [[mayor]] of Quebec City is [[Régis Labeaume]], who was elected in a special election on [[December 2]], [[2007]] following the death in office of [[Andrée Boucher|Andrée P. Boucher]], an independent, on [[August 24]]. [[Jacques Joli-Coeur]] of the [[Renouveau municipal de Québec]] party served as interim mayor between Boucher's death and the by-election.
The current leader of the Renouveau municipal de Québec party, and leader of the majority group on [[Quebec City Council]], is [[Jean-Marie Matte]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Party
! scope="col" | Initial
! scope="col" | Chief
! scope="col" | Governorship
! scope="col" | Opposition
! scope="col" | Seats
|-
| style="background: white;" | [[Renouveau municipal de Québec]]
| style="background: white;" | R.M.Q.
| style="background: white;" | [[Jean-Marie Matte]]
| style="background: white;" | 1989 - 2005
| style="background: white;" | 2005 - 2007
| style="background: white;" | '''23'''
|-
| style="background: white;" | [[Action civique de Québec]]
| style="background: white;" | A.C.Q.
| style="background: white;" | Claude Larose
| style="background: white;" | N/A
| style="background: white;" | N/A
| style="background: white;" | '''5'''
|-
| style="background: white;" | Parti Vision Québec
| style="background: white;" | V.Q.
| style="background: white;" | [[Marc Bellemare]]
| style="background: white;" | N/A
| style="background: white;" | N/A
| style="background: white;" | '''0'''
|-
| style="background: white;" | Option Capitale
| style="background: white;" | O.C.
| style="background: white;" | Pierre Coté
| style="background: white;" | N/A
| style="background: white;" | N/A
| style="background: white;" | '''0'''
|-
| style="background: white;" | Independent
| style="background: white;" | Ind.
| style="background: white;" | X
| style="background: white;" | X
| style="background: white;" | X
| style="background: white;" | '''9'''
|-
| style="background: white;" | Vacant
| style="background: white;" | X
| style="background: white;" | X
| style="background: white;" | X
| style="background: white;" | X
| style="background: white;" | '''0'''
|-
| '''Total'''
|
|
|
|
| '''37'''
|}
==Demographics==
[[Image:Ville de Québec vu de Lévis.jpg|thumb|right|Quebec City, as seen from Lévis]]
According to the 2006 census, there were 491,142 people residing in Quebec City proper, and 715,515 people in the city's [[census metropolitan area]]. Of this total, 48.2% were male and 51.8% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 4.7% of the resident population of Quebec City. This compares with 5.2% in the province of Quebec, and 5.6% for Canada overall.
While Montreal is considered by many to be a ''bilingual'' city, with many of its residents having a working knowledge of both French and English, Quebec City and its surrounding region is largely [[Francophone]]. The large majority of city residents are native [[French language|French]]-speakers. At the English community's peak during the 1860s, 40% of Quebec City's residents were [[Anglophone]]. <ref>{{cite web | author= Morrin Centre|publisher= Literary and Historical Society of Quebec|title= Anglos in Québec|accessdate=2007-03-15 |url=http://www.morrin.org/pages/anglos.php}}</ref> Today, Anglophones only make up 1.5% of both the city and metropolitan area's population . <ref>{{cite web | publisher= Voice of English-speaking Québec|title= Voice of English-speaking Québec: A Portrait of the English-speaking Community in Quebec| date=2007|accessdate=2007-03-15 |url=http://www.veq.qc.ca/enter/pages/portrait.htm}}</ref>
In mid-2001, 13.0% of the resident population in Quebec City was of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 13.2% in Canada. The average age is 39.5 years of age compared to 37.6 years of age for Canada as a whole.
In the five years between 1996 and 2001, the population of Quebec City grew by 1.6%, compared with an increase of 1.4% for the province of Quebec as a whole. Population density of Quebec City averaged 216.4 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 5.3, for the province of Quebec as a whole.
At the time of that May 2001 census, the population of the Quebec City authority was 682,757, but was 710,700 when encompassing the Greater Quebec City Area, compared with a resident population in the province of Quebec of 7,237,479 people.
According to the 2001 census, over 90% of the population was [[Roman Catholic]], along with very small [[Jewish]] and [[Protestant]] populations.
<center>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | 1931
! scope="col" | 1941
! scope="col" | 1951
! scope="col" | 1961
! scope="col" | 1971
! scope="col" | 1981
! scope="col" | 1991
! scope="col" | 2001
! scope="col" | 2006
|-
| style="background: white;" | 131 000
| style="background: white;" | 151 000
| style="background: white;" | 289 000
| style="background: white;" | 379 000
| style="background: white;" | 481 000
| style="background: white;" | 576 000
| style="background: white;" | 645,550<ref name="StatCan1996">[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/Profil/Details/details1.cfm?SEARCH=BEGINS&ID=223&PSGC=24&SGC=42100&DataType=1&LANG=E&Province=All&PlaceName=Quebec&CMA=421&CSDNAME=Qu%C3%A9bec&A=&TypeNameE=Census%20Metropolitan%20Area Statistics Canada.] Community Profile - Quebec City -1996</ref>
| style="background: white;" | 686 569<ref name="StatCan2">.</ref>
| style="background: white;" | 715 515<ref name="StatCan2">.</ref>
|}
'''Mother tongue language'''
<br>
from [[Canada 2006 Census]]<ref name="StatCan1">.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Language
! Population
! Percentage (%)
|-
| [[French language|French]]
| 456,225
| 94.55%
|-
| [[English language|English]]
| 7,030
| 1.46%
|-
| Both English and French
| 1,460
| 0.3%
|-
| Other languages
| 17,825
| 3.69%
|}
</center>
==Culture==
{{See also|List of events in Quebec City}}
===Tourism===
[[Image:Montmorency.JPG|thumb|right| [[Montmorency Falls]]]]
Quebec City is known for its [[Quebec Winter Carnival|Winter Carnival]] and for its [[Fete nationale du Québec|Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day]] celebrations.
Tourist attractions located near Quebec City include [[Montmorency Falls]] and the [[Basilica of Sainte-Anne-de-Beaupré]].
====Natural science sites====
[[Jardin zoologique du Québec]], reopened in 2002 after two years of restorations but closed in 2006 after a political decision. It featured 750 specimens of 300 different species of animals. The zoo specialized in winged fauna and garden themes, but also presented several species of mammals. While it emphasizes the indigenous fauna of Quebec, one of its principal attractions was the Indo-Australian greenhouse, featuring fauna and flora from these areas.
[[Parc Aquarium du Québec]], reopened in 2002 on a site overlooking the [[St. Lawrence River]], presents more than 10,000 specimens of mammals, reptiles, fish and other aquatic fauna of North America and the [[Arctic]]. [[Polar bear]]s and various species of [[Pinniped|seal]]s of the Arctic sector and the "Large Ocean", a large basin offering visitors a view from underneath, form part of the principal attractions.
====Museums====
{{Prose|date=April 2008}}
* [http://www.mnba.qc.ca/Afficher.aspx?page=1113&langue=en Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec]
* [http://www.mcq.org/index_en.html Musée de la civilisation]
* [http://www.mcq.org/en/maf/ Musée de l'Amérique française]
* [http://www.felixleclerc.com/ Espace Félix Leclerc]
* [http://www.mnq-nmq.org/enter.html Musée naval de Québec]
* [http://www.chocomusee.com/ Choco-Musée Erico]
* Musée des Ursulines de Québec (See [[Ursulines of Quebec]])
* [http://www.lacitadelle.qc.ca/section.php?lang=en&id=4 La Citadelle de Québec/The Royal 22<sup>e</sup> Régiment Museum]
* [http://www.musee-abeille.com/en/default.html Musée de l'Abeille]
*[http://www.ccbn-nbc.gc.ca Plains of Abraham Exhibition Center]
===Sport===
{{Prose|date=February 2008}}
{{Split|Sport in Quebec City}}
====Teams====
*[[Quebec Kebs]] of the [[Premier Basketball League]]
*[[Québec Remparts]] of the [[Quebec Major Junior Hockey League]]
*[[Québec Radio X]] of the [[Ligue nord-américaine de hockey]]
*[[Quebec Capitales]] of the [[Canadian-American Association of Professional Baseball]]
*[[Laval Rouge-et-Or|Laval University Rouge-et-Or]] of the [[Canadian Interuniversity Sport]] men's football
*[[Quebec City Monarks]] of the [[Ligue de football majeur du Québec]]
*[[Quebec City Rebelles]] of the [[Ligue de football majeur du Québec]]
*[[FC Quebec]] of the [[Canadian Soccer League]]
*[[Quebec Phoenix]] of the [[Canadian Women's Hockey League]]
====Former teams====
*[[Quebec Bulldogs]] of the [[National Hockey League]]
*[[Quebec Nordiques]] of the [[National Hockey League]] and [[World Hockey Association]]
*[[Quebec Aces]] of the [[American Hockey League]]
*[[Quebec Citadelles]] of the [[American Hockey League]]
*[[Atlanta Knights|Québec Rafales]] of the [[International Hockey League (1945-2001)|International Hockey League]]
*Quebec Caribous of the [[National Lacrosse League (1974-75)]]
*Québec Carnavals of baseball's [[Eastern League (baseball)|Eastern League]]
====Sporting events====
*[[Bell Challenge|Challenge Bell]], a [[women]]'s [[Women's Tennis Association|WTA]] [[tennis]] tournament.
*[[Pee-Wee|Quebec City International Pee-Wee Tournament]], a major [[minor hockey]] tournament.
The [[Quebec Nordiques]] played in the [[World Hockey Association]] (WHA) from 1972 to 1979 and then in the [[National Hockey League]] (NHL) from 1979 to 1995, maintaining a strong rivalry with the [[Montreal Canadiens]], and the [[Buffalo Sabres]]. Due to financial problems, the team moved to [[Denver, Colorado]] in 1995, becoming [[Colorado Avalanche]]. There has been discussion of bringing a team back to the city, but former mayor [[Andrée Boucher]] had not supported the project. It is generally expected that Quebec City will need to build a new arena to get a new team, replacing the [[Colisée Pepsi]], as well as organizing an ownership group.
There have been discussions around getting a [[Canadian Football League]] team. Quebec City is expected to be in competition with [[Moncton]] and [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]] for the franchise, though a new stadium would likely be needed as well. The local football team, the [[Laval Rouge-et-Or|Rouge & Or]] of the [[Université Laval]] remains very popular.
Quebec City was appointed, together with [[Halifax Regional Municipality|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]], co-host of the [[2008 IIHF World Championship]]. Quebec City played host to various games (Group A and Group D) and the semi-finals, the bronze game and the finals. The [[IIHF]] World Championships were last held in North America in 1962, by [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]] and [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]].
Quebec City was the host of the [[Special Olympics Canada|Special Olympics Canada National Winter Games]], held from [[February 26]] to [[March 1]], [[2008]]. This event brought together over 1,000 athletes, coaches and mission staff members from Canada’s 10 provinces and 3 territories as well as more than 600 volunteers. Competitions were held throughout the week in the following sports: curling, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing , downhill skiing, floor hockey, figure skating and speed skating. The snowsoeing and cross-country events were held on the [[Plains of Abraham]], one of [[Canada]]'s most historic sites. The athletes selected for the Games strove for a place in Team Canada’s training group at the [[Special Olympics World Games|2009 Special Olympics World Winter Games]].
===Media===
{{main|Media in Quebec City}}
==Education==
[[Université Laval]] is located in the western end of the city, in the borough of [[Sainte-Foy, Quebec|Sainte-Foy]]. However, the school of architecture of Université Laval is located in Old Quebec. The central campus of the [[Université du Québec]], originally in Sainte-Foy, is also, since the amalgamation, located in Quebec City, as are the Université du Québec's [[École nationale d'administration publique]], [[Institut national de la recherche scientifique]] and [[Télé-université]] divisions.
Numerous [[CEGEP]]s are located in Quebec city, including Cégep François-Xavier-Garneau, Cégep O'Sullivan, [[Cégep Limoilou]], [[Cégep de Sainte-Foy]] and [[Champlain-St. Lawrence College]], as well as private institutions such as Collège Notre-Dame-de-Foy, Collège Mérici, Collège Bart, [[CDI College|Collège CDI]] and Collège Multihexa
Quebec City has the oldest educational institution for women in North America, the [[Ursulines of Quebec]] monastery, located at 12 Rue Donnacona.
==Infrastructure==
[[Image:Quebec-wharf.jpg|thumb|The [[Seaport|port of Quebec City]] in the 19th century]]
[[Image:Quebec City 03.jpg|right|thumb|The Lower Town by the river]]
===Air and sea===
Quebec City is served by [[Québec/Jean Lesage International Airport|Jean Lesage International Airport]], located in the West of the city.<ref>[http://www.aeroportdequebec.com/index_en.php Quebec city's Jean Lesage International Airport official website]</ref>
The city also has a large major [[Seaport|port]] on the St-Lawrence in the first, fifth and sixth boroughs.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.portquebec.ca/en/00.php |title=Port of Quebec |accessdate=2007-08-12}} </ref>
===Roads===
Three bridges, the [[Quebec Bridge]] and [[Pierre Laporte Bridge]] connect the city with the south shore of the [[Saint Lawrence River]], as does a [[ferry]] service to [[Lévis]], and [[Île d'Orléans Bridge|Orleans Island Bridge]] connects Quebec City with [[Île d'Orléans|the Orleans Island]]. The city is a major hub in the Quebec provincial road network, fanning out from both sides of the river with an extensive [[autoroute]] system.
Several important motorways of the Quebec road network pass by Quebec City, of which [[Quebec Autoroute 40|Autoroute 40]] connects it towards the west to Montreal and [[Quebec Route 175|Route 175]] connects it towards the north to [[Chicoutimi]].
Three principal expressways cross the agglomeration from the north to the south (starting from the west): [[Quebec Autoroute 573|Autoroute Henri-IV]], [[Quebec Autoroute 740|Autoroute Robert-Bourassa ]], and [[Quebec Autoroute 73|Autoroute Laurentienne]]. Three other motorways cross the western part of town (from north to south): [[Quebec Autoroute 40|Autoroute Félix Leclerc]] (known by the inhabitants as "Autoroute de la Capitale"), [[Quebec Autoroute 440 (Quebec City)|Autoroute Charest]], as well as Champlain Boulevard, which goes along the river to the Downtown area, then another Autoroute called [[Quebec Autoroute 440 (Quebec City)|Dufferin-Montmorency]] allows easier access to the extreme east of the city.
{{clr}}
===Public transit===
The [[Réseau de transport de la Capitale]] is responsible for public transit in the region. The RTC operates a fleet of buses and will eventually implement articulated buses. The RTC is studying the return of a [[tram]] system to help ease overcrowding on its busiest lines as well as attract new users to public transit. The $700-million revitalization project needs approval from higher levels of government since the city does not have the financial resources to fund such an ambitious project on its own.
Rail transport is operated by [[VIA Rail]] at the ([[Gare du Palais]]). The station is the eastern terminus of the railway's main [[Quebec City-Windsor Corridor]].
An inter-city bus station, with connections to the provincial long-distance bus network, is adjacent to the train station.
=== Public safety ===
Quebec City is protected by [[Service de police de la Ville de Québec]] and [[Service de protection contre les incendies de Québec]]. Quebec City has one of the lowest crime rates in Canada. The city reported no murders in 2007, a streak that stretched back to October 31, 2006.<ref>[http://www.nationalpost.com/news/canada/story.html?id=203698 Quebec City closing in on a year without murder<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
==Sister cities==
{{Unreferencedsection|date=February 2008}}
<!--Source: http://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/fr/exploration/partenariats.shtml-->
*{{flagicon|United States}} '''[[Albany, New York|Albany]]''', [[United States]]
*{{flagicon|Lebanon}} '''[[Beirut]]''', [[Lebanon]] <ref name="twins">{{cite web| url=http://www.beirut.gov.lb/MCMSTest/Menu-Pages/SisterCitiesEN.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRORIGINALURL=%2fwww%2ebeirut%2egov%2elb%2fMCMSEN%2fTwinning%2bthe%2bCities%2f&NRNODEGUID=%7b18839037-0140-436E-A1AF-7F8F3693C3E6%7d&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#| title=Twinning the Cities| publisher=City of Beirut| accessdate=2008-01-13}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|France}} '''[[Bordeaux]]''', [[Aquitaine]], [[France]] ''(since 1962)''
*{{flagicon|Canada}} '''[[Calgary]]''', [[Alberta]], [[Canada]] ''(since 1956)''
*{{flagicon|France}} '''[[Cannes]]''', [[France]]
*{{flagicon|China}} '''[[Changchun]]''', [[China]]
*{{flagicon|Romania}} '''[[Iaşi]]''', [[Romania]]
*{{flagicon|Mexico}} '''[[Guanajuato, Guanajuato]]''', [[Mexico]] ''(since 2002)''
*{{flagicon|Vietnam}} '''[[Huế]]''', [[Vietnam]] ''(since 2005)''
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} '''[[Liège]]''', [[Belgium]] ''(since 2002)''
*{{flagicon|Uruguay}} '''[[Montevideo]]''', [[Uruguay]] ''(since 2000)''
*{{flagicon|Belgium}} '''[[Namur (city)|Namur]]''', [[Belgium]] ''(since 1999)''
*{{flagicon|Burkina Faso}} '''[[Ouagadougou]]''', [[Burkina Faso]] ''(since 2000)''
*{{flagicon|France}} '''[[Paris]]''', [[France]] ''(since 2003)''
*{{flagicon|Tunisia}} '''[[Sousse]]''', [[Tunisia]] ''(since 2004)''
*{{flagicon|Russia}} '''[[St. Petersburg]]''', [[Russia]] ''(since 2002)''
*{{flagicon|China}} '''[[Xi'an]]''', [[China]] ''(since 2001)''
== References ==
{{Sisterlinks|Quebec City}}
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
<!-- NOTE: External links sections on Wikipedia are NOT meant to serve as detailed or exhaustive web directories of every website remotely related to the topic; only primary and official pages about Quebec City itself should be listed here. -->
* [http://www.ville.quebec.qc.ca/en/accueil/index.shtml Official website of Quebec City]
* [http://www.regiondequebec.com/e/ Official website of Quebec City Tourism]
* [http://www.monquebec2008.com/MonQuebec2008/index.php?lang=en-ca Québec 2008 (400th Anniversary)]
<!--Templates-->
<br/>{{Quebec City}}
{{Administrative divisions of Quebec region|Capitale-Nationale}}
{{Greater Quebec}}
{{Subdivisions of Quebec|regions=yes|cities=yes}}
{{Canada capitals}}
{{World Heritage Sites in Canada}}
{{Host Cities of the Francophonie Summits}}
{{CoorHeader|46|48|58|N|71|13|27|W|type:city}}
[[Category:Quebec City| ]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in Canada]]
[[Category:Cities on the Saint Lawrence River]]
[[Category:Settlements established in 1608]]
[[Category:Port cities in Canada]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Canada]]
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[[sr:Квебек (град)]]
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[[zh:魁北克市]]