RAI
420162
225765996
2008-07-15T08:41:08Z
87.19.40.75
/* Digital */
{{Infobox Company
| company_name = RAI - Radiotelevisione Italiana S.p.a.
| company_logo = [[Image:RAI_logo.svg|200px]]
| company_type = [[Public Company]]
| genre = Italian Public Broadcasting Service
| foundation = 1954 <!-- this parameter modifies "Founded" -->
| founder = [[Rome]]
| location_city = {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Rome]]|
| location_country = [[Italy]]
| location = <!-- this parameter modifies "Headquarters" -->
| origins =
| key_people =
| area_served =
| industry =
| products =
| services =
| revenue = [[Euro|€]]3144 million (2006)<ref name="RAI Annual Report 2006 (Consolidated)">[http://www.bilancio2006.rai.it/uk/bilancio/cons02.htm "RAI Annual Report 2006"] {{en icon}} Retrieved on [[2008]]-[[06-16]]</ref>
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| num_employees = 13248 (2008)<ref name="Rai, l'orgia del potere">[http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio/Rai-lorgia-del-potere/2025919&ref=hpstr1 "Rai, l'orgia del potere"] {{it icon}} Retrieved on [[2008]]-[[07-09]]</ref>
| parent =
| divisions = Rai Cinema<br>Rai Corporation<br>Rai Way<br>Sipra<br>Rai Trade<br>Rai Net<br>Rai Click<br>Rai Teche<br>Rai Fiction<br>Rai Eri<br>Rai Vaticano<br>Rai Quirinale<br>Rai Sat (95% RAI - 5% [[RCS MediaGroup]])
| subsid =
| owner = Min. of Economy & Finance
| slogan = ''Rai, di tutti di più''
| homepage = [http://www.rai.it rai.it] [http://www.rai.tv/ rai.tv]
| dissolved =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana''', known until 1954 as '''Radio Audizioni Italiane''',<ref>[http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/storia_radio.html La radio in Italia cronologia] {{it icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[11-28]]</ref> is the [[Italy|Italian]] [[Public broadcasting|public service]] [[Broadcasting|broadcaster]]. It operates three terrestrial [[television]] channels and three [[radio]] channels, in addition to several satellite and digital terrestrial offerings. Created as URI in 1924, it started television broadcasts on [[January 3]], [[1954]]. RAI was one of the 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the [[European Broadcasting Union]] in 1950.
A very controversial plan to partly [[privatization|privatise]] RAI, by selling 20% of the public broadcaster, was suspended in October 2005.
Half of RAI's revenues come from the broadcast [[licence fee]], half from [[advertising]].<ref name="Min. of Communications1">[http://www.comunicazioni.it/news/pagina198.html "Basta con il governo padrone, così cambierà la Tv pubblica"] {{it icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[10-10]]</ref><ref name="Min. of Communications2">[http://www.comunicazioni.it/news/pagina242.html " DDL Riforma Rai"] {{it icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[10-10]]</ref> RAI has a relatively high [[audience]] share of 43.55%<ref name="relazione sulla gestione 2005">[http://www.bilancio2005.rai.it/ita/relazione/rel06b.htm ::: RAI - Bilancio 2005 :::] {{it icon}} Retrieved on [[2007]]-[[12-29]]</ref>. The fact that [[Berlusconi]]'s government pushed for a sale of [[Mediaset]]'s public service rival had caused a very heated debate, with some of the critics claiming that [[Mediaset]] could become the buyer and thus increase its dominant position even further. However, in October 2005 it was announced that the privatisation plan had been suspended, following the revelation that the company would make a loss of €80m ($96m, £54m) during 2006.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} "RAI's privatisation is ''de facto'' suspended", its new director general, Alfredo Meocci, told a parliamentary watchdog committee. [http://www.ofcomwatch.co.uk/2005/11/rai-privatization-stopped] [https://registration.ft.com/registration/barrier?referer=http://www.ofcomwatch.co.uk/2005/11/rai-privatization-stopped&location=http%3A//news.ft.com/cms/s/4ff81270-474e-11da-b8e5-00000e2511c8.html]
RAI broadcasts three main terrestrial channels: [[Rai Uno]], [[Rai Due]] and [[Rai Tre]].
==Early history==
RAI started off as a privately owned company. The ''Unione Radiofonica Italiana'' (URI) was formed in 1924 by private entrepreneurs and part of the [[Marconi Company|Marconi]] group. Granted a monopoly of radio broadcasts in 1924, ''URI'' made its first broadcast — a [[Joseph Haydn|Haydn]] quartet — on the [[24 October]] of that year.
In 1927, URI was renamed ''Ente Italiano Audizioni Radiofoniche'' (EIAR). It survived until 1944 when, under [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] pressure, it was reborn as ''Radio Audizioni Italiane'', or RAI. Still a privately owned company, it operated two radio networks: Rete Rossa (red) and Rete Azzurra (blue), with Rossa playing more serious music and Azzurra featuring occasional variety shows.
It was not until 1954 that RAI took on its modern form. In this year the state-controlled holding company [[IRI]] became the sole shareholder, and RAI finally began a regular television service. The first day’s schedule featured a report on the opening of RAI’s studio in [[Milan]], sporting events of the day, and an early evening film.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}
The first few decades of programming were focused on strictly educational programming. During Reconstruction, programs like ''Non è mai troppo tardi'' and ''Un viaggo al Po'' were able to take people from their villages and small communities and see what life was like in other parts of Italy. The dialects of Italy also made it difficult for people to communicate, so RAI was instrumental in building a national, common language.
==Management==
RAI is governed by a nine member Administrative Council. Seven of its nine members are elected by parliamentary committee, the remaining two (one of which includes the President) are nominated by the largest shareholder — that is, the '''Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze'''. The Council appoints the director-general. Both director-general and members of the administrative council are appointed for a renewable term of three years.
===Presidents of RAI===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Took office !! Left office
|-
| Arturo Carlo Jemolo || [[April 20]], [[1945]] || [[August 9]], [[1946]]
|-
| Giuseppe Spataro || [[August 9]], [[1946]] || [[May 17]], [[1951]]
|-
| Cristiano Ridomi || [[May 17]], [[1951]] || [[March 11]], [[1954]]
|-
| Antonio Carrelli || [[June 3]], [[1954]] || [[January 4]], [[1961]]
|-
| Novello Papafava || [[January 4]], [[1961]] || [[March 25]], [[1964]]
|-
| Pietro Quaroni || [[May 29]], [[1964]] || [[April 12]], [[1969]]
|-
| Aldo Sandulli || [[April 23]], [[1969]] || [[February 18]], [[1970]]
|-
| Umberto delle Fave || [[March 24]], [[1970]] || [[April 22]], [[1975]]
|-
| Beniamino Finocchiaro || [[May 23]], [[1975]] || [[January 20]], [[1977]]
|-
| Paolo Grassi || [[January 20]], [[1977]] || [[June 12]], [[1980]]
|-
| Sergio Zavoli || [[June 12]], [[1980]] || [[October 23]], [[1986]]
|-
| Enrico Manca || [[October 23]], [[1986]] || [[February 19]], [[1992]]
|-
| Walter Pedullà || [[February 19]], [[1992]] || [[July 13]], [[1993]]
|-
| Claudio Demattè || [[July 13]], [[1993]] || [[July 12]], [[1994]]
|-
| [[Letizia Moratti]] || [[July 12]], [[1994]] || [[April 24]], [[1996]]
|-
| Giuseppe Morello || [[April 24]], [[1996]] || [[July 10]], [[1996]]
|-
| [[Enzo Siciliano]] || [[July 10]], [[1996]] || [[January 21]], [[1998]]
|-
| Roberto Zaccaria || [[February 3]], [[1998]] || [[February 17]], [[2000]]
|-
| Roberto Zaccaria <small>[1]</small> || [[February 17]], [[2000]] || [[February 16]], [[2002]]
|-
| Vittorio Emiliani || [[February 16]], [[2002]] || [[February 22]], [[2002]]
|-
| Antonio Baldassarre || [[March 5]], [[2002]] || [[February 26]], [[2003]]
|-
| [[Paolo Mieli]] || [[March 7]], [[2003]] || [[March 13]], [[2003]]
|-
| [[Lucia Annunziata]] || [[March 13]], [[2003]] || [[May 4]], [[2004]]
|-
| [[Francesco Alberoni]] <small>[2]</small> || [[May]], [[2004]] || [[May]], [[2005]]
|-
| Sandro Curzi <small>[2]</small> || [[June 1]], [[2005]] || [[July 30]], [[2005]]
|-
| Claudio Petruccioli || [[July 31]], [[2005]] || ''present''
|}
<small>[1]</small> Second term
<small>[2]</small> Temporary
===Directors-general of RAI===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Took office !! Left office
|-
| Salvino Sernesi || [[1949]] || [[1953]]
|-
| Giovan Battista Vicentini || [[1954]] || [[1955]]
|-
| Rodolfo Arata || [[1956]] || [[1960]]
|-
| Ettore Bernabei || [[January 5]], [[1961]] || [[September 18]], [[1974]]
|-
| Michele Principe || [[May 23]], [[1975]] || [[January 25]], [[1977]]
|-
| Giuseppe Glisenti || [[January 26]], [[1977]] || [[June 17]], [[1977]]
|-
| Pierantonino Bertè || [[July 12]], [[1977]] || [[June 18]], [[1980]]
|-
| Villy De Luca || [[June 19]], [[1980]] || [[July 21]], [[1982]]
|-
| Biagio Agnes || [[July 29]], [[1982]] || [[February 1]], [[1990]]
|-
| Gianni Pasquarelli || [[February 5]], [[1990]] || [[July 23]], [[1993]]
|-
| Gianni Locatelli || [[July 23]], [[1993]] || [[August 3]], [[1994]]
|-
| Gianni Billia || [[August 3]], [[1994]] || [[December 31]], [[1994]]
|-
| Raffaele Minicucci || [[January 16]], [[1995]] || [[February 29]], [[1996]]
|-
| Aldo Materia <small>[3]</small> || [[March 6]], [[1996]] || [[July 15]], [[1996]]
|-
| Franco Iseppi || [[July 15]], [[1996]] || [[February 8]], [[1998]]
|-
| Pier Luigi Celli || [[February 9]], [[1998]] || [[February 17]], [[2000]]
|-
| Pier Luigi Celli <small>[4]</small> || [[February 17]], [[2000]] || [[February 9]], [[2001]]
|-
| Claudio Cappon || [[February 9]], [[2001]] || [[March 19]], [[2002]]
|-
| Agostino Saccà || [[March 19]], [[2002]] || [[March 27]], [[2003]]
|-
| Flavio Cattaneo || [[March 27]], [[2003]] || [[August 5]], [[2005]]
|-
| Alfredo Meocci || [[August 5]], [[2005]] || [[June 20]], [[2006]]
|-
| Claudio Cappon || [[June 22]], [[2006]] || ''present''
|-
|}
<small>[3]</small> Vice Director-general acting as Director-general
<small>[4]</small> Second term
==Television==
RAI broadcasts three main terrestrial channels. [[Rai Uno]] is the main channel, and targets the family market. [[Rai Due]] has in recent years lacked clear focus, but now attempts to focus on a slightly younger audience than Rai Uno. [[Rai Tre]] is the ‘alternative’ channel, with a definite public service remit. Rai Due has been broadcasting since [[November 4]], [[1961]] (it was called the "Secondo Programma", while Rai Uno was the "Programma Nazionale") and Rai Tre first went on air on [[December 15]], [[1979]] as "TV3".
===Terrestrial channels===
====Analogue====
*'''[[Rai Uno]]''' (also on [[DTT]] and on [[Hotbird]], [[Astra]], [[Atlantic Bird]] and [[Hispasat]])
*'''[[Rai Due]]''' (also on [[DTT]] and on [[Hotbird]], [[Astra]], [[Atlantic Bird]] and [[Hispasat]])
*'''[[Rai Tre]]''' (also on [[DTT]] and on [[Hotbird]], [[Astra]], [[Atlantic Bird]] and [[Hispasat]])
*'''[[Sender Bozen|Rai Sender Bozen]]''' (German-language opt-out of Rai Tre for the province of [[Autonomous Province of Bolzano-Bozen|Bolzano-Bozen]])
====Digital====
*'''[[RaiNews 24|Rai News 24]]''' ''all news'' (also on [[Hotbird]])
*'''[[Rai Sport Satellite|Rai Sport Più]]''' ''sport'' (also on [[Hotbird]])
*'''Rai Gulp''' ''kids and teens'' (also on [[Hotbird]])
*'''Rai Edu 1''' ''education, culture and entertainment'' (also on [[Hotbird]])
*'''Rai 4''' ''youth entertainment''
*'''''Rai 5''''' ''(coming soon)''
===Satellite channels===
====Free-to-air====
*'''[[Rai News 24]]'''
*'''[[Rai_Sport_Satellite|Rai Sport Più]]'''
*'''[[Rai Gulp]]''' (from [[1 June]] [[2007]])
*'''Rai Edu 1'''
*'''Rai Edu 2'''
*'''Rai Nettuno Sat 1'''
*'''Rai Nettuno Sat 2'''
*'''Rai Med''' (news in [[Italian language|Italian]] and [[arabic|Arabic language]], relays [[Rai News 24]] and Raitalia)
*'''Camera dei Deputati'''
*'''Senato Italiano'''
====On [[SKY Italia]]====
*'''[[Raisat Extra]]''' ''entertainment''
*'''Raisat Premium''' ''entertainment''
*'''[[Raisat Cinema]]''' ''cinema''
*'''Raisat Gambero Rosso Channel''' ''cooking''
*'''Raisat Smash''' ''teens''
*'''Raisat YOYO''' ''babies'' (from November 2006)
===IPTV channels===
====On [[Alice Home TV]]====
*'''Rai Fiction'''
*'''Viva la Rai''' ''entertainment''
*'''Rai Supercult''' ''entertainment''
*'''Rai Magazine'''
*'''Rai Storia'''
*'''Rai Ritratti'''
*'''Rai Junior'''
====On [[Tiscali TV (Italy)|Tiscali TV]]====
*'''Rai Teen'''
*'''Rai di Più'''
===International===
*'''[[RAI International]]''' — Broadcasts the best of RAI to International audiences
===Defunct Channels===
*'''RaiSat Album''' ([[30 June]][[2003]])
*'''RaiSat Art''' ([[30 June]][[2003]])
*'''RaiSat Fiction''' ([[30 June]][[2003]])
*'''Rai Doc''' ''cultures, styles'' ([[31 May]] [[2007]])
*'''Rai Futura''' ''technologies, games, etc.'' ([[1 February]] [[2007]], broadcasted on the same frequences of Rai Doc at settled times)
*'''[[Rai Sport Satellite]]''' ''sports'' ([[11 May]] [[2008]], changes his name in ''Rai Sport Più'')
*'''Rai Utile''' ([[1 January]] [[2008]])
==Radio channels==<!-- This section is linked from [[Orchidea De Santis]] -->
*'''[[RAI Radio1|Rai Radio Uno]]''' - News/information
*'''[[RAI Radio2|Rai Radio Due]]''' - Adult Contemporary
*'''[[RAI Radio3|Rai Radio Tre]]''' - Classical
*'''FD4 Leggera''' (also known as IV Canale) - broadcasting pop music
*'''FD5 Auditorium''' (also known as V Canale or Classica) - broadcasting classic and opera music
*'''GR Parlamento''' - a radio station broadcasting the [[Italian Parliament]]
*'''Isoradio''' - a radio station designed for [[motorway]] users
*'''Radio Trst A''' - a radio station for the [[Slovenes|Slovene]] minority in [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
==News==
*'''[[TG 1 - Telegiornale Uno]]''' ([[News broadcasting]])
*'''[[TG 2 - Telegiornale Due]]''' ([[News broadcasting]])
*'''[[TG 3 - Telegiornale Tre]]''' ([[News broadcasting]])
*'''[[TG Regionale]]''' ([[Local]] [[News broadcasting]])
*'''GR 1''' ([[Radio]] [[News broadcasting]])
*'''GR 2''' ([[Radio]] [[News broadcasting]])
*'''GR 3''' ([[Radio]] [[News broadcasting]])
*'''GR Regionale''' ([[Radio]] [[Local]] [[News broadcasting]])
*'''[[Tagesschau (Bolzano)|Tagesschau]]''' (German speaking news from [[Bolzano]])
*''Meteo Rai'' ([[Weather]])
*''Sports''
==Other programmes==
*''[[Sanremo Music Festival]]'' (''Festival della canzone italiana'')
*''[[Uno Mattina]]'' — morning magazine programme (Rai Uno) (Hosted by Eleonora Daniele and the journalist [[Luca Giurato]])
*''[[Affari Tuoi]]'' (Italian version of [[Deal or No Deal]]?) - shown every day at 8.35pm on [[Rai Uno]]. The show is hosted by [[Flavio Insinna]].
*''[[Domenica In]]'' — Sunday show (Rai Uno) hosted by [[Pippo Baudo]], Lorena Bianchetti, Massimo Giletti and [[Luisa Corna]].
*''[[L'Isola dei Famosi]]'' (Italian version of [[Celebrity Survivor]]) shown on [[Rai Due]] on 9.00pm every Wednesday night and hosted by [[Simona Ventura]]
*''[[Che Tempo Che Fa]]'' talk show ([[Rai Tre]]) hosted by Fabio Fazio and the comedian Luciana Littizzetto. It's one of the most seen talk shows in Rai networks.
*''[[DS - Domenica Sportiva]]'' and ''[[90° minuto]] (90th minute)'' sport programming blocks shown on Saturday and Sunday respectively on [[Rai Tre]] and [[Rai Due]]. ''90th minute'' deals with Italian [[Serie B]], the second Italian [[football (soccer)]] championship.
==Foreign Series==
*''[[McLeod's Daughters]]'' - shown on [[Rai Uno]]
*''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[Friends]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[The District]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[Charmed]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[JAG]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[The Practice]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[Without a Trace]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[Desperate Housewives]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[Cold Case]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[Lost (TV series)|Lost]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
*''[[Rome (TV series)|Rome]]'' — shown on [[Rai Due]]
==Other satellite TV programmes==
*''[[The Late Show with David Letterman]]'' — shown on [[RaiSat Extra]]
*''[[Dallas (TV series)]]'' - shown on RaiSat Premium
*''[[Mujeres]]'' - shown on RaiSat Premium
==Foreign programmes no longer broadcast==
*''[[Eurovision Song Contest]]'' (since [[1997]])
*''[[The Tonight Show with Jay Leno]]'' (since [[2005]])
==See also==
*[[List of Italian language television channels]]
*[[Prix Italia]]
==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*[http://www.rai.it/ Official website]
*[http://www.rai.tv/ Rai Web Tv]
*[http://www.raiclick.it/ Raiclick Tv]
*[http://www.radio.rai.it/ Official website of Radio Rai]
*[http://www.rai1.info/ Site of Rai Uno]
*[http://www.rai2.info/ Site of Rai Due]
*[http://www.rai3.info/ Site of Rai Tre]
*[http://www.radio1.rai.it/ Site of Radio Rai Uno]
*[http://www.radio2.rai.it/ Site of Radio Rai Due]
*[http://www.radio3.rai.it/ Site of Radio Rai Tre]
*[http://www.grr.rai.it/ Site of Giornale Radio]
*[http://www.grparlamento.rai.it/ Site of GR Parlamento]
*[http://www.isoradio.rai.it Site of Isoradio]
*[http://www.filodiffusione.rai.it Site of Filodiffusione]
*[http://www.youtube.com/user/rai Rai] on [[YouTube]]
*[http://www.youtube.com/user/Rainews24 Rai News 24] on [[YouTube]]
*[http://www.youtube.com/user/redazioneraisport Rai Sport] on [[YouTube]]
{{RAI}}
{{Italian television stations}}
{{Template:European Broadcasting Union Members}}
[[Category:Italian television networks]]
[[Category:Publicly funded broadcasters]]
[[Category:Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana|*]]
{{coor title dms|41|55|4|N|12|27|59|E|type:landmark|region:IT}}
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