Radziwiłł
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[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 216479318 by [[Special:Contributions/MelonBot|MelonBot]] ([[User talk:MelonBot|talk]])
{{foreignchars|[[ł]]|Radziwill}}
'''Radziwiłł''' ({{lang-lt|Radvila}}; {{lang-de|Radziwill}}; {{lang-be|Радзівіл, Radzivił}}; {{lang-la|Radvil}}) is a family of [[Nobility|high nobility]] which has been powerful and important for centuries, first in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] and later in the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. The Radziwiłł family received the title of ''[[Reichsfürst]]'' (Prince, {{lang-be|князь, kniaź}} {{lang-lt|kunigaikštis}}, {{lang-pl|książę}}) from the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
[[Image:Herb Radziwiłłów.PNG|thumb|right|[[Trąby Coat of Arms]]. As Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, the '''Radziwiłł Coat of Arms''' uses The Trąby in the center of a Black Eagle in a Golden Shield.]]<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:radziwill.jpg|thumb|right|Radziwill Coat of Arms. Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.]] -->[[Image:Mikołaj Radziwiłł Czarny.JPG|right|thumb|Mikołaj Radziwiłł the Black, perhaps the most influential member of Radziwiłł family. Mikołaj Radziwiłł rallied opposition to [[Lublin union|the union]] between Lithuania and Poland]]
== Coat of arms and motto ==
Family motto: ''The Lord is Our Counsel'' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Bóg nam radzi'', [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]: ''Бог нам раіць'', ''Boh nam rajić''),
== History ==
Recent research suggests that the Radziwill family descended from Lithuanian [[Lithuanian nobility|bajorai]]-ducal [[courtier]]s, lesser [[nobility]], who advanced considerably in the [[15th century]]. They are descendants from old Lithuanian [[Astikai]] family, that had possessions near [[Kernavė]]. Radziwiłł family's known ancestor has been a Lithuanian noble [[Radvila Astikas]]. His father [[Kristinas Astikas]] was the first to receive [[Trąby Coat of Arms]] after the [[Union of Horodlo]] in [[1413]], which became the coat of arms of the family. The first person to use [[Radvila]] as a family name was a son of [[Radvila Astikas]], [[Mikalojus Radvila]], whose sons became the progenitors of the three known Radziwiłł family lines.
In [[Polish language|Polish]], the name has been spelled ''Radziwiłł'' now for several centuries, but it originally comes from the Lithuanian name, spelled in {{lang-lt|Radvila}}, plural ''Radvilos''. The name is spelled in {{lang-be|Радзівіл, Radzivił}} (plural ''Радзівілы'', ''Radziviły'').
The Radziwiłł family kept its importance and [[szlachta]]rial status for over five centuries. They acquired and maintained great wealth and influence from [[15th century]]-[[16th century]] until the beginning of [[Second World War]] in [[1939]]. The family has produced many outstanding politicians, military commanders, clergymen, cultural benefactors and entrepreneurs who left a significant mark on [[history of Poland|Polish]], [[history of Belarus|Belarusian]], [[history of Lithuania|Lithuanian]] and European history and culture.
A branch of Radvila Astikas' descendants became powerful [[magnates]] and their name is remembered as one of the most famous [[magnate]] families in [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] (later, the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]). The Radziwiłł family reached the heights of its importance and power during the [[Polish Golden Age|Golden Age]] of the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] in the [[16th century]]. Lithuanian Radziwiłłs were elevated to the title of ''Reichsfürst'' (Prince of the Empire), granted by [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor]] after the [[First Congress of Vienna|Jagiellonian-Habsburg congress]] at [[Vienna]] in [[1515]]. This title was very unusual among [[szlachta]] (Polish-Lithuanian nobility).
The main seat of [[Biržai]]-[[Dubingiai]] Radziwiłł family line was [[Dubingiai Castle]] and since the second half of the 17th century - [[Biržai Castle]] (both in [[Lithuania]]). This line became extinct after the death of [[Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł]] in 1695. Since the 18th century all Radziwiłłs are descendants of the Nieśwież-Ołyka Radziwiłł family line, which had its main residence at [[Niasvizh Castle]] (Nieśwież) in present-day [[Belarus]]. Other residences and properties included [[Mir Castle]], [[Ołyka]], [[Biržai]], [[Kėdainiai]], [[Szydłowiec]], [[Taujėnai]], [[Połoneczka]] and [[Radziwiłłów]].
Due to the activities of [[Janusz Radziwill (1612-1655)|Janusz Radziwilłł]] during [[The Deluge (Polish history)|The Deluge]], the family lost much of its wealth and power.
== Members ==
[[Image:Herb Radziwiłłów.JPG|thumb|The Coat of Arms granted in 1547 by the Holy Roman emperor]]
[[Image:Ludwika Carolina tile.jpg|thumb|A 17th c. tile with the Coat of Arms and initials of [[Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł]] from [[Biržai Castle]]]]
[[Image:Radvilos Church.jpg|thumb|290 px|The remains of the Reformers' church (c. 1620) in [[Dubingiai]], [[Lithuania]], which was intended to become a Radziwill family mausoleum]]
The Radziwiłł family members include:
* [[Mikalojus Radvila]], c. 1450-1509, [[voivode]], [[kanclerz|chancellor]]
* [[Mikolaj Radziwiłł (1470-1521)|Mikolaj Radziwiłł]], 1470-1521, chancellor
* [[Jerzy Radziwiłł]], 1480-1541, hetman, [[voivode]], [[castellan]], [[marshal]]
* [[Mikołaj III Radziwiłł]], c. 1492-1530, Bishop of [[Samogitia]]
* [[Mikołaj "the Red" Radziwiłł]], 1512-1584, [[hetman]], [[chancellor]]
* [[Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł]], 1515-1565, [[marshal]], chancellor, [[Count palatine|palatine]]
Since 1515 both Mikolajs and the Radziwill family were elevated to [[Reichsfürst]]en of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]
* [[Barbara Radziwiłł]], 1520-1550, [[Queen of Poland]]
* [[Mikołaj VII Radziwiłł]], 1546-1589, chamberlain
* [[Krzysztof Mikołaj "the Lightning" Radziwiłł]], 1547-1603, hetman
* [[Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł]] 1549-1616, voivode, marshall, castellan, prince
* [[Grzegorz Radziwill|Grzegorz Radziwiłł]] 1558-1600, [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] of [[Kraków]] 1591-1600
* [[Krystyna Radziwiłł]], 1560-1580
* [[Grzegorz IV Radziwill|Grzegorz Radziwiłł]], 1578-1613, castellan
* [[Janusz Radziwiłł (1579-1620)|Janusz Radziwiłł]], 1579-1620, castellan
* [[Krzysztof Radziwill|Krzysztof II Radziwiłł]], 1585-1640, hetman
* [[Albert III Radziwill|Albert III Radziwiłł]], 1589-1636, castellan
* [[Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł]], 1595-1656, chancellor
* [[Janusz Radziwiłł (1612-1655)|Janusz Radziwiłł]], 1612-1655, hetman, voivode
* [[Bogusław Radziwiłł]] 1620-1669
* [[Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł]], 1625-1680, hetman, chancellor
* [[Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł]], 1667-1695
* [[Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł (1669-1719)|Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł]], 1669-1719, Grand Chancellor of Lithuania
* [[Katarzyna Barbara Radziwiłł]], 1693-1730
* [[Michal Kazimierz Rybenko Radziwill|Michał Kazimierz 'Rybeńko' Radziwiłł]], 1702-1762
* [[Karol Stanisław "Panie Kochanku" Radziwiłł]], 1734-1790, voivode of [[Vilnius]] and Marshal of the [[Bar Confederation]]
* [[Antoni Radziwill|Antoni Henryk Radziwiłł]], 1775-1833, [[statholder]]
* [[Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł]], 1778-1850, senator, general
* [[Elisabeth Radziwill]], cousin and desired bride of [[Wilhelm I, German Emperor]]
* [[Catherine Radziwill]], 1858-1941, Polish princess, stalked and ruined the career of [[Cecil Rhodes]]
* [[Janusz Franciszek Radziwiłł|Janusz Radziwiłł]] 1880-1967, senator
* [[Stanisław Albrecht Radziwiłł]] 1914-1976, married [[Lee Radziwill|Caroline Lee Bouvier]], younger sister of [[First Lady]] [[Jacqueline Kennedy]].
* [[Anna Radziwiłł]], b. 1939, Polish senator, minister, secretary of state
* [[George Andrew Dominique Jerome Peter Leon Radziwill]] (1942 - 2001)
* [[Konstanty Radziwiłł]] b. 1958 r., Polish doctor
* [[Anthony Radziwill]] 1959-1999, American filmmaker
* Anna Christina Radziwill b. 1960, Daughter of Stanislas Radziwill and Caroline Lee Bouvier (Lee Radziwill), sister of Anthony
* [[Carole Radziwill]] b. 1968, widow of Anthony Radziwill, author
* [[Roza XVI Radziwill]], now Roza Broel-[[Plater]] b. December 25., 1934. Polish Princess.
* [[Krzysztof Konstanty Radziwill]]
== See also ==
* [[Noble's Democracy]]
* [[Radziwiłł Chronicle]]
== External links ==
* [http://www.radziwill.com/ Radziwill Family Links and Genealogy]
* [http://www.szlachta.org/2radziwill.htm Short history of the Radziwill Family]
* [http://www.angelfire.com/mi4/polcrt/radziwill.html The Radziwill Dynasty: From Pagan Times to the 1960's]
* [http://www.radziwill.com/genealogy.htm Short Radziwill Genealogy]
* [http://www.openit.com.ua/reportage.php?id=95#1 Radziwill's castle in Olyka, Ukraine]
* {{pl icon}} [http://www.muzeum.slupsk.pl/radziwillowie/default.htm RADZIWIŁŁOWIE pędzlem i piórkiem JÓZEFA MEHOFFERA] - History and gallery from exhibition at Słupsk Museum
* {{lt icon}} [http://mok.splius.lt/~sventupis/biblioteka/Radvilos/index.htm Radziwill family website]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radziwill}}
[[Category:Belarusian nobility]]
[[Category:Lithuanian nobility]]
[[Category:Polish surnames]]
[[Category:Radziwiłł family| ]]
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