Raleigh, North Carolina 57845 226156143 2008-07-17T02:02:25Z PhilKnight 1812441 [[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 226152716 by [[Special:Contributions/PhilKnight|PhilKnight]] ([[User talk:PhilKnight|talk]]) {{Refimprove|date=October 2007}} {{dablink|For other uses of this name, see [[Raleigh]].}} {{Infobox Settlement |official_name = City of Raleigh |settlement_type = [[City]] |nickname = City of Oaks |image_skyline = Downtown-Raleigh-from-South-Saunders-20080325.jpeg |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = Downtown Raleigh |motto = You Can See the Whole State from Here |image_caption = |image_flag = RaleighNC.png |image_seal = RaleighNCseal.png |image_map = Raleigh map.png |mapsize = 250x200px |map_caption = Map of [[Wake County, North Carolina]] <!-- Location --> |subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |subdivision_name = [[United States]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[North Carolina]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in North Carolina|Counties]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake]], [[Durham County, North Carolina|Durham]] |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Charles Meeker]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) |established_title = Founded |established_date = [[1792]] <!-- Area --> |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 299.3 |area_land_km2 = 296.8 |area_water_km2 = 2.5 |area_total_sq_mi = 115.6 |area_land_sq_mi = 114.6 |area_water_sq_mi = 1.0 <!-- Population --> |population_as_of = [[2008]] |population_footnotes = |population_total = 374,320 |population_metro = 1,510,000 |population_density_km2 = 930.2 |population_density_sq_mi = 3183.4 <!-- General information --> |timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]] |utc_offset = -5 |timezone_DST = EDT |utc_offset_DST = -4 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 96 |elevation_ft = 315 |latd = 35 |latm = 49 |lats = 8 |latNS = N |longd = 78 |longm = 38 |longs = 41 |longEW = W <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_codes = [[Area code 919|919]] [[984]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 37-55000{{GR|2}} |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 1024242{{GR|3}} |website = [http://www.raleigh-nc.org City of Raleigh] |footnotes = }} '''Raleigh''' (pronounced {{IPAEng|ˈrɔːliː}} ''raw-lee'' or {{IPAEng|ˈrɑːliː}} ''rah-lee'') is the [[capital]] of the [[North Carolina|State of North Carolina]] and the [[List of North Carolina county seats|county seat]] of [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]], USA. Raleigh is known as the “City of Oaks” for its many [[oak tree]]s. It is the second most populous city in North Carolina (after [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]]).<ref>[http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/Cat-1C-20051006-152447-Raleigh_Demographics.html City of Raleigh | Raleigh Demographics<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The estimated population on [[January 1]], [[2008]] was 374,320.<ref>[http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/Cat-1C-20051006-152447-Raleigh_Demographics.html City of Raleigh | Raleigh Demographics<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Raleigh is the 15th fastest growing city in the [[United States]]<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/258_fastest_growing_cities/index.htm The 258 fastest growing U.S. cities - Jun. 27, 2007<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. In February of 2008, the [[News & Observer]], the major news daily of the region, reported that Raleigh's population had surpassed that of Minneapolis to become the 49th largest city in the U.S. In 2006-2007, Raleigh's population surpassed those of Tampa, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh and St. Louis. Raleigh, [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], and [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]] make up the three primary cities of the [[Research Triangle]] metropolitan region. The regional name originated after the 1959 creation of the [[Research Triangle Park]], located midway between the cities of Raleigh and Durham. The Research Triangle region encompasses the [[Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau's]] [[Combined Statistical Area|Combined Statistical Area (CSA)]] of Raleigh-Durham-[[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]] in the central Piedmont. The estimated population of the Raleigh-Durham-Cary CSA was 1,635,974 as of [[July 1]], [[2007]], with the Raleigh-Cary [[United States metropolitan area|Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)]] portion estimated at 994,551 residents.<ref name=PopEstCBSA>{{cite web | url = http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/CBSA-EST2006-01.csv | title = Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (CBSA-EST2006-01) | format = [[comma-separated values|CSV]] | work = 2006 Population Estimates | publisher = [[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division | date = [[2007-04-05]] | accessdate = 2007-04-05}}</ref> While almost all of Raleigh is located within [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]], a small portion of the city extends into neighboring [[Durham County, North Carolina|Durham County]]<ref name"map1">[http://www.raleighnc.gov/publications/Planning/Maps/Raleigh_Durham_Annexation_Agreement_Lines.pdf Raleigh Durham Annexation Agreement Lines]</ref>. The towns of [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]], [[Garner, North Carolina|Garner]], [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest]], [[Apex, North Carolina|Apex]], [[Holly Springs, North Carolina|Holly Springs]], [[Clayton, North Carolina|Clayton]], and [[Knightdale, North Carolina|Knightdale]] are some of Raleigh's primary nearby [[suburbs]]. In 2008, ''[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes]]'' magazine named Raleigh no. 1 out of the "Top 200 Best Places For Business And Careers."<ref name="forbesmag">{{cite news | url=http://www.forbes.com/bestplaces | title= Best Places For Business And Careers. | publisher=FORBES Magazine | date=2008 | accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref> ==History== ===18th century=== In December 1770, [[Joel Lane House|Joel Lane]] petitioned the [[North Carolina General Assembly]] to create a new county. A month later, the bill authorizing the formation of Wake County passed. The county was formed from portions of [[Cumberland County, North Carolina|Cumberland]], [[Orange County, North Carolina|Orange]] and [[Johnston County, North Carolina|Johnston]] counties and named after Margaret Wake Tryon, the wife of Governor [[William Tryon]]. The first county seat was Bloomsbury. Raleigh was chosen as the site of a new state capital in [[1788]], and it was officially established in [[1792]] as both the new county seat and the new state capital. The city was named in November 1792 for [[Sir Walter Raleigh]], sponsor of the [[Colony of Roanoke]], the "Lost Colony," commemorated at the [[Fort Raleigh National Historic Site]] on [[Roanoke Island]], North Carolina. The city's location was chosen, in part, for being within ten miles (16 km) of Isaac Hunter's Tavern, which was known to be popular with the [[State legislature (United States)|state legislators]] of the time. No known city or town had existed on the site before it was chosen as the capital. Raleigh is among the few cities in the United States that was planned and built specifically to serve as a [[state capital]]. Its original boundaries were formed by North, East, West and South streets. The [[North Carolina General Assembly]] first met in Raleigh in December 1794, and within one month, the legislators officially granted the city a [[charter]], with a board of seven appointed [[commissioners]] (elected by the city after 1803) and an "[[Intendant]] of Police" (which would eventually become the office of [[List of mayors of Raleigh, North Carolina|Mayor]]) to govern it. In 1799, the ''N.C. Minerva and Raleigh Advertiser'' became the first newspaper published in Raleigh. <ref name="cityhistory">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=City of Raleigh Years (1587 - 1844)| work=| publisher=City of Raleigh| date=| url=http://www.raleigh-nc.org/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/History_of_Raleigh/Cat-2CA-2006109-095008-History_of_Raleigh__1587.html| accessdate=2008-03-17}}</ref> [[John Haywood]] was the first Intendant of Police.<ref name="haywood">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=About John Haywood| work=| publisher=NSCDA| date=| url=http://haywoodhall.org/Haywood/haywood.html| accessdate=2006-09-07}}</ref> ===19th century=== [[Image:Raleigh1872 BIG.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Raleigh, North Carolina in 1872]] In 1808 [[Andrew Johnson]], the nation’s seventeenth [[President of the United States|President]], was born at Casso’s Inn (since moved to the [[Mordecai House|Mordecai]] Square Historic Park) located between Morgan, Fayetteville and Wilmington streets. His father, [[Jacob Johnson (father of Andrew Johnson)|Jacob Johnson]], was a porter at the [[State Bank of North Carolina]], the oldest surviving commercial building in Raleigh. The city's first [[water supply network]] was completed in 1818, although due to system failures the project was abandoned. The next year saw the arrival of Raleigh's first volunteer [[Firefighter|fire company]] and in 1821 a full-time fire company was formed. On [[June 23]], [[1831]] a fire destroyed the [[North Carolina State Capitol|State Capitol]]. Reconstruction began two years later with quarried [[granite]] being delivered by the first railroad in the state. Raleigh celebrated the completions of the new Capitol and new [[List of Seaboard Air Line Railroad precursors|Raleigh & Gaston Railroad Company]] in 1840. In 1853, the first [[North Carolina State Fair|State Fair]] was organized by the North Carolina Agricultural Society and held at a site east of Raleigh. The first institution of higher learning in Raleigh, [[Peace College]], was established in 1858. The [[Peace College Main Building]] was used as a [[military hospital]] during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. After the War began, Governor [[Zebulon Baird Vance]] ordered the construction of [[Breastwork (fortification)|breastworks]] around the city as protection from [[Union Army|Union]] troops. During General [[William Tecumseh Sherman|Sherman's]] [[Carolinas Campaign]], Raleigh was captured by Union [[cavalry]] under the command of General [[Hugh Judson Kilpatrick]] on [[April 13]], [[1865]]. After the [[Confederate Army|Confederate]] calvary retreated west to move their wounded soldiers and remaining supplies, the Union soldiers followed, leading to the [[Battle of Morrisville]].<ref name="The Battle of Morrisville">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=The Battle of Morrisville| work=| publisher=Ernest Dollar| date=| url=http://www.mindspring.com/~nixnox/history2.html| accessdate=2008-03-17}}</ref> The city was spared significant destruction during the War, but due to the economic problems of the post-war period and [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]], it grew little over the next several decades. [[Image:NC State Capitol 1861.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[North Carolina State Capitol]], c 1861. Governor [[David S. Reid]] is in the foreground]] [[Image:NC State Treasurer's Office.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[North Carolina State Treasurer]]s Office in State Capitol, c 1890s]] With emancipation after the war, [[African-American]]s in Raleigh were able to be educated and became involved in local politics. With the help of the [[Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands|Freedmen's Bureau]], whose regional offices were housed at Peace College's Main Building, many [[freedmen]] migrated from rural areas to Raleigh to have a chance at city opportunities and live in a community. [[Shaw University]], began classes in 1865, making it the first historically black college established in the South. Located in the [[East Raleigh-South Park Historic District]], it was chartered in 1875. Shaw's [[Estey Hall]] was the first building constructed for the [[higher education]] of black women. Established in 1881, [[Leonard Hall (Shaw University)|Leonard Medical Center]] of Shaw University was the first four-year [[medical school]] in the country for African-Americans, as well the first four-year medical school in North Carolina. With the government and educational institutions, a substantial black professonal class began to develop in the city. In 1867, [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] clergy founded [[St. Augustine's College (Raleigh)|St. Augustine's College]] for the education of [[Free Negro|freedmen]]. In 1869 the Reconstruction state legislature approved setting up the nation’s first school for blind and deaf African Americans, which opened in Raleigh. In 1868 Governor [[William Woods Holden]] appointed new Raleigh Commissioners, including the first African Americans who served in that position: James Henry Harris, editor of the ''North Carolina Republican'' and Handy Lockhart. Black professionals began to build homes in the area, then known as the Third Ward. The [[Pope House Museum|Pope House]], built by Dr. Pope, is one of the few remaining examples of these homes. [[St. Paul A.M.E. Church]], built in 1884, was the first independent [[Wiktionary:congregation|congregation]] of African Americans in Raleigh. It is the oldest black church in Wake County.<ref name="St. Paul history">{{cite web| last=| first=| title="St. Paul AME Church" | work=| publisher=[[National Park Service]]| date=| url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/raleigh/stp.htm| accessdate=2008-03-20}}</ref> In 1874, the first [[Federal government of the United States|Federal Government]] project in the South following the Civil War was the [[Federal Building (Raleigh, North Carolina)|Federal Building]] constructed in downtown Raleigh. In 1880, the ''News'' and ''Observer'' combined to form ''[[The News & Observer]]''. During the 1880s, [[Fayetteville Street (Raleigh)|Fayetteville Street]] was paved, land was donated for [[Pullen Park]], and the Raleigh [[Chamber of Commerce]] was formed. Additional educational institutions were added in the late 19th century, helping build the middle class in Raleigh. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts (now known as [[North Carolina State University]]) was founded in 1887 as a [[land-grant college]]. In 1894, [[Rex Hospital]] opened, with a nursing school that was the first in the state. Baptist Female University (now known as [[Meredith College]]) opened in 1891. As a sign of its self-promotion, in 1899 Raleigh adopted a city flag. The city flag was created as a reciprocal gift to the [[USS Raleigh (C-8)|USS Raleigh]], after the crew of the cruiser presented the city with a small cannon captured during the [[Spanish-American War]]. The cannon now sits on the front lawn of the Fire Department’s Keeter Training Center.<ref name="cityhistory">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=City of Raleigh Years (1848 - 1888)| work=| publisher=City of Raleigh| date=| url=http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/History_of_Raleigh/Cat-2CA-2006109-112025-Years__1848___1888_.html| accessdate=2008-03-17}}</ref> Raleigh residents flocked to see another sign of progress with construction of the city's first [[skyscraper]], the Tucker Building. In 1900 the white-dominated state legislature followed the example of other [[Southern United States|Southern]] states and passed a new [[State constitution (United States)|constitution]], with provisions for voter registration that effectively [[Disfranchisement|disfranchised]] most blacks and many poor whites. Added to earlier statutory restrictions, the state succeeded in reducing black voting to zero by 1908. Among the numerous ill effects was that after a decade of white supremacy, whites lost memory of and appreciation for the thriving [[black middle class]] that was developing in cities such as Raleigh.<ref>[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=224731 Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", ''Constitutional Commentary'', Vol.17, 2000, pp.12-13], accessed 10 Mar 2008</ref> It was not until 1965 that most blacks in North Carolina would again be able to vote, sit on juries and serve in local offices. ===20th century=== [[Image:Fayetteville and Martin Streets Raleigh.jpg|thumb|right|Intersection of [[Fayetteville Street (Raleigh)|Fayetteville]] and Martin Streets, c 1908]] [[Image:Fayetteville Street Raleigh.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Fayetteville Street during the 1910s. The North Carolina State Capitol can be seen in the background]] [[Image:Commercial National Bank Raleigh.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Construction of the Commercial National Bank building, c 1912]] [[Image:Martin Street Raleigh.jpg|thumb|right|200pc|Martin Street business district, c 1915]] In 1912, Bloomsbury Park opened with the now historic [[Pullen Park Carousel|carousel]] being the most popular ride. The next year Raleigh citizens adopted the [[commission]] form of government. During the [[World War I]] time period, an [[influenza]] epidemic killed 288 citizens in Raleigh and the state lost a total of 5,799 men in the War, the third highest in the nation. In 1922, WLAC signed on from then-N.C. State College (now N.C. State University) as the city's first radio station, though it left the air two years later. WFBQ signed on in 1924, became WPTF in 1927 and is Raleigh's oldest continuous radio broadcaster. Curtiss-Wright Flying Field opened in 1929, making it the first airport in the city. That same year, the [[Stock market crash#Wall Street Crash of 1929|stock market crash]] that led to the [[Great Depression]] resulted in six Raleigh banks closing.<ref name="cityhistory">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=City of Raleigh Years (1889 - 1930)| work=| publisher=City of Raleigh| date=| url=http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/History_of_Raleigh/Cat-2CA-2006109-122719-Years__1889___1930.html| accessdate=2008-03-17}}</ref> During the difficult 1930s, the city provided recreational and educational programs, and hired people for public works projects. In 1932, [[Progress Energy Center for the Performing Arts|Raleigh Memorial Auditorium]] was dedicated. The [[North Carolina Symphony]], founded the same year, performed in its new home with [[Cab Calloway]] and his orchestra playing at the dedication. The [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] constructed the Crabtree Creek Recreational Demonstration area (now known as [[William B. Umstead State Park]]) from 1934 to 1937. In 1939 the General Assembly chartered the Raleigh-Durham Aeronautical Authority to build a larger airport to be convenient for both Raleigh and Durham. The result was [[Raleigh-Durham International Airport]], where the first commercial flight took off on [[May 1]], [[1943]] by [[Eastern Air Lines]]. As a center of government, businesses and colleges, Raleigh had long had an educated and politically sophisticated black middle class. Despite state constitutional provisions that had disfranchised most black voters since the early 1900s, the Negro Voters League was formed in 1931 to promote black voter registration; by 1946 they had succeeded in getting 7,000 black voters in the city registered.<ref> name="Election news">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=Lightner's Election Was News| work=| publisher=''News & Observer''| date=2002-07-14| url=http://www.newsobserver.com/625/story/257484.html| accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> In 1947, Raleigh citizens adopted a [[Council-manager government|council-manager]] form of government, the current form. Although located a few hours from the coast, Raleigh still experienced significant damage from [[Hurricane Hazel]] in 1954. Two years later, [[WRAL-TV]] became the first local television station. With the opening of the [[Research Triangle Park]] in 1957, Raleigh began to experience a faster population increase and by the end of the decade the population was reaching 100,000.<ref name="cityhistory">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=City of Raleigh Years (1931 - 1965)| work=| publisher=City of Raleigh| date=| url=http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/History_of_Raleigh/Cat-2CA-2006109-131835-Years__1931___1965.html| accessdate=2008-03-17}}</ref> As the [[Raleigh City Museum]] states: :<blockquote>No other national event impacted Raleigh more profoundly than the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and '60s. After years of [[Jim Crow laws|Jim Crow]] rule in the South, local students and activists - through marches, lunch counter sit-ins and public protests - helped give rise to fundamental social change as new laws were enacted to protect the rights of all citizens.</blockquote><ref>[http://www.raleighcitymuseum.org/history.shtml "History of Raleigh", Raleigh City Museum Website], accessed 25 Mar 2008</ref> Following passage of the [[Voting Rights Act of 1965]], political participation and voting by African Americans increased rapidly. In 1967 [[Clarence Lightner|Clarence E. Lightner]], a well-regarded community leader, was elected to the City Council. In October 1973 Lightner was elected Raleigh’s first mayor by popular vote. He was also the first African American elected mayor of a southern state capital, and the first African American elected mayor by an electorate that was predominantly white (84 percent of the population.)<ref> name="Election news">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=Lightner's Election Was News| work=| publisher=''News & Observer''| date=2002-07-14| url=http://www.newsobserver.com/625/story/257484.html| accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> After 10 years of discussions, the Raleigh City and Wake County schools merged in 1976 to become the [[Wake County Public School System]], now the largest school system in the state and 19th largest in the country. Population increases led to highway construction to try to improve traffic flow. During the 1970s and 1980s, the [[Interstate 440 (North Carolina)|I-440]] beltline was constructed, easing traffic congestion and providing access to most major roads throughout the city. The first [[Raleigh Convention Center]] (replaced in 2008) and Fayetteville Street Mall were both opened in 1977. Fayetteville Street was turned into a pedestrian-only street to try to spur business growth, but the plan was flawed and business declined.<ref name="cityhistory">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=City of Raleigh Years (1966 - 1990)| work=| publisher=City of Raleigh| date=| url=http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/History_of_Raleigh/Cat-2CA-2006109-140652-Years__1966___1990.html| accessdate=2008-03-17}}</ref> In 1991 the two largest skyscrapers in Raleigh were completed, First Union Capital Center and Two Hanover Plaza. In addition, the [[Walnut Creek Amphitheatre]] opened and First Night Raleigh, an annual New Year's Eve celebration, was first celebrated. Two years later, the city suffered a major drought that resulted in [[Falls Lake]], the primary source of water for Raleigh, to reach its all-time low. In 1996, the [[Olympic Torch]] spent the night in Raleigh while on its way to the [[1996 Summer Olympics]] in [[Atlanta, Georgia]] and was welcomed with a large celebration. That same year, [[Hurricane Fran]] struck the area, causing massive flooding and structural damage. In 1999, The [[RBC Center]] arena opened in to provide a venue for the [[National Hockey League|National Hockey League's]] [[Carolina Hurricanes]] and [[NC State Wolfpack men's basketball]] team.<ref name="cityhistory">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=City of Raleigh Years (1991 - 1999)| work=| publisher=City of Raleigh| date=| url=http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/History_of_Raleigh/Cat-2CA-2006109-150347-Years__1991___1999.html| accessdate=2008-03-17}}</ref> ===21st century=== Raleigh started out the new millennium with a storm that dropped 25.7 inches of snow, the largest snowfall in the city's recorded history. In 2001, the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium complex was expanded with the addition of the [[Business Telecom, Inc.|BTI]] Center for the Performing Arts, Meymandi Concert Hall, Fletcher Opera Theater, Kennedy Theatre, Betty Ray McCain Gallery and Lichtin Plaza.<ref name="cityhistory">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=City of Raleigh Years (1999 - 2002)| work=| publisher=City of Raleigh| date=| url=http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/History_of_Raleigh/Cat-2CA-2006109-155646-Years__1999___2002.html| accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> Fayetteville Street was reopened to vehicular traffic in 2006, and the main street was also developed with the 34-story RBC Bank Tower, multiple condo projects and several new restaurants. Additional skyscrapers are in the planning phase. In 2008, the [[Fayetteville Street Historic District]] was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. During the first eight years of the new decade, Raleigh's population grew by 100,000 people (35%), causing increased traffic problems and school shortages. With the opening of parts of [[Interstate 540 (North Carolina)|I-540]], a new 70-mile loop around Wake County, traffic congestion was eased, although the complete loop will not be finished for at least another 15 years. To address the school shortage, many public schools were switched to [[Year-round school|year-round]] schedules and temporary [[Portable classroom|buildings]] were constructed to accommodate the nearly 7,000 new public school students enrolling each year.<ref name="cityhistory">{{cite web| last=| first=| title=2006 Year in Review| work=| publisher=City of Raleigh| date=| url=http://www.raleighnc.gov/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_306_202_0_43/http%3B/pt03/DIG_Web_Content/category/Resident/Raleigh_At_A_Glance/History_of_Raleigh/Cat-MCH-20061228-122854-2006_Year_In_Review.html| accessdate=2008-03-18}}</ref> ==Law and government== [[Image:North Carolina State Capitol, Raleigh.jpg|thumb|250px|[[North Carolina State Capitol]]]] Raleigh operates under a [[council-manager government]]. The city council consists of eight members; all seats, including the mayor's, are open for election every two years. Five of the council seats are district representatives and two seats are citywide representatives elected [[at-large]]. Historically, Raleigh voters have tended to elect [[conservative Democrats]] in local, state, and national elections, a holdover from their one-party system of the late 19th century. ===City Council=== *[[Charles Meeker]] Mayor *Nancy McFarlane (District A, north-central Raleigh) *Rodger Koopman (District B, northeast Raleigh) *James West (District C, mayor pro tem, southeast Raleigh) *Thomas Crowder (District D, southwest Raleigh) *Philip Isley (District E, west and northwest Raleigh) *Russ Stephenson (at-large) *Mary-Ann Baldwin (at-large) {{seealso|List of mayors of Raleigh, North Carolina}} ===Crime=== In 2007, 22 [[murders]] or non-negligent cases of [[manslaughter]] were reported within Raleigh's [[city limits]], per the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]'s [[Uniform Crime Reports]]. Mayor [[Charles Meeker]] is a member of the [[Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.mayorsagainstillegalguns.org/html/about/members.shtml| title=Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members}}</ref>, a [[bi-partisan]] group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets." The coalition is co-chaired by [[Boston]] Mayor [[Thomas Menino]] and [[New York City]] Mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]]. Raleigh averages a rate of 469.2 [[motor vehicle theft]]s per year per 100,000 residents, below the average rate of 528.4 motor vehicle thefts per year per 100,000 residents for all [[North Carolina census statistical areas|metropolitan areas in North Carolina]]. According to the Uniform Crime Reports, crime in Raleigh has steadily decreased in recent years. In [[2004]], there were 580 reported incidents of [[violent crime]] and 3,768 reported incidents of [[property crime]] reported per 100,000 population. Nationally there were 466 violent crimes and 3,517 property crimes reported per 100,000 population, while U.S. cities with a population between 250,000 and 500,000 residents reported 978 violent crimes and 5,631 property crimes per 100,000 population, all well above Raleigh's reported rate.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} ==Geography== According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Raleigh occupies a total area of 115.6&nbsp;[[square mile]]s (299.3&nbsp;[[km²]]), of which 114.6&nbsp;square miles (296.8&nbsp;km²) is dry land and 1.0&nbsp;square miles (2.5&nbsp;km²)(0.84%) is covered by water. Raleigh is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the [[Piedmont (United States)|North American Piedmont]] and [[Atlantic Coastal Plain]] regions meet. This area is known as the "[[fall line]]" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. As a result, most of Raleigh features gently rolling hills that slope eastward toward the state's flat coastal plain. Its central Piedmont location situates Raleigh about three hours west of [[Atlantic Beach, North Carolina|Atlantic Beach]], North Carolina, by car and four hours east of the [[Great Smoky Mountains]] of the [[Appalachian Mountains|Appalachian range]]. The city is {{convert|145|mi|km|0}} south of [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Virginia]]; {{convert|232|mi|km|0}} south of [[Washington, D.C.]]; and {{convert|143|mi|km|0}} northeast of Charlotte, North Carolina. ===Climate=== Raleigh enjoys a temperate [[subtropical climate]], with moderate temperatures in spring, autumn, and winter. Summers are typically hot with high [[humidity]]. Winter highs generally range in the low 50s[[Fahrenheit|°F]] (10 to 13[[Celsius|°C]]) with lows in the low-to-mid 30s°F (-2 to 2°C), although an occasional 60°F (15°C) or warmer winter day is not uncommon. Spring and autumn days usually reach the low-to-mid 70s°F (low 20s°C), with lows at night in the lower 50s°F (10 to 14°C). Summer daytime highs often reach the upper 80s to low 90s°F (29 to 35°C). The region's rainiest months are July and August. Raleigh receives an average of 4.6" of [[snow]] in winter. [[Freezing rain]] and [[sleet]] also occur most winters, and occasionally the area experiences a major damaging [[ice storm]]. The region may also suffer from occasional [[drought]]s, during which the city sometimes has restricted water use for residents. {{Raleigh climatebox}} ===Cityscape=== [[Image:Raleigh 1909 Panorama LOC.jpg|thumb|center|600px|Downtown Raleigh panorama, from 1909]] {{main|Raleigh Neighborhoods}} Raleigh is divided into seven major geographic areas, each of which use a Raleigh address and a [[ZIP code]] that begins with the digits 276. [[Image:Fayetteville Street-27527.jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Fayetteville Street (Raleigh)|Fayetteville Street in downtown Raleigh.]]]] '''Old Raleigh''' ("Inside the Beltline") is home to historic neighborhoods and buildings such as the [[Sir Walter Raleigh Hotel]] built in the early 20th century, the restored City Market, the [[Fayetteville Street (Raleigh)|Fayetteville Street]] downtown business district, as well as the [[North Carolina Museum of History]], [[North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences]], [[North Carolina State Capitol]], [[Peace College]], the [[Raleigh City Museum]], [[Raleigh Convention Center]], [[Shaw University]], and [[Saint Augustine's College]]. The neighborhoods in Old Raleigh include Cameron Park, Boylan Heights<ref>[http://www.boylanheights.org/ Historic Boylan Heights Neighborhood Main Page<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>, Country Club Hills, Coley Forest, Five Points, Glenwood-Brooklyn, Hayes Barton, Moore Square, Mordecai, Belvidere Park, Woodcrest, and Oakwood. '''East Raleigh''' is situated roughly from Capital Boulevard near the [[Interstate 440 (North Carolina)|I-440]] beltline to New Hope Road. Most of East Raleigh's development is along primary corridors such as [[U.S. Route 1]] (Capital Boulevard), New Bern Avenue, Poole Road, Buffaloe Road, and New Hope Road. Neighborhoods in East Raleigh include Brentwood, New Hope, and Wilder's Grove. The area is bordered to the east by the suburban town of [[Knightdale, North Carolina|Knightdale]]. [[Image:Downtown Raleigh.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Downtown Raleigh]] '''West Raleigh''' lies along [[Hillsborough Street]] and Western Boulevard. The area is bordered to the west by suburban [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]]. It is home to [[North Carolina State University]], [[Meredith College]], [[Pullen Park]], [[Pullen Memorial Baptist Church]], [[Cameron Village]], Lake Johnson, the [[North Carolina Museum of Art]] and historic [[Saint Mary's School (Raleigh, North Carolina)|Saint Mary's School]]. Primary thoroughfares serving West Raleigh, in addition to Hillsborough Street, are Avent Ferry Road, Blue Ridge Road, and Western Boulevard. '''North Raleigh''' is an expansive, diverse, and fast-growing suburban area of the city that is home to a large number of established neighborhoods to the south along with many newly built [[subdivisions]] and [[exurb]]s along its northern fringes. The area generally falls North of Millbrook Road. It is primarily suburban with numerous large shopping areas. Primary neighborhoods and subdivisions in North Raleigh include Bedford, Bent Tree, Brookhaven, Crossgate, Falls River, North Ridge, Stonebridge, Stone Creek, Stonehenge, Wakefield, Windsor Forest, and Wood Valley. The area is served by numerous primary transportation corridors including Glenwood Avenue (U.S. Route 70), Wake Forest Road, Millbrook Road, Lynn Road, [[Six Forks Road]], Spring Forest Road, [[Creedmoor Road]], Leesville Road, and Strickland Road, as well as the Interstate-540 Northern Wake Expressway. '''Midtown Raleigh''', which used to be considered a part of North Raleigh, lies just to North of the I-440 Beltline. It is framed by Lead Mine Road on the West, Wake Forest Road on the East, and Millbrook Road to the North. It includes the recently renovated [[North Hills (Raleigh)|North Hills Mall]] and the [[Crabtree Valley Mall]]. With the growth of Raleigh in the last 10 years, Midtown is now a centrally-located part of the city. '''South Raleigh''' is located along [[U.S. Route 401|U.S. 401]] South toward [[Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina|Fuquay-Varina]] and along [[U.S. Route 70|US 70]] into suburban [[Garner, North Carolina|Garner]]. This area is the least developed and least dense area of Raleigh (much of the area lies within the [[Swift Creek Township, Wake County, North Carolina|Swift Creek]] [[drainage basin|watershed]] district, where development regulations limit housing densities and construction), South Raleigh is home to the only remaining [[gristmill]] in [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]], the historic [[Yates Mill]]. The area is bordered to the west by [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]], to the east by [[Garner, North Carolina|Garner]], and to the southwest by [[Holly Springs, North Carolina|Holly Springs]]. Neighborhoods in South Raleigh include Lake Wheeler, Swift Creek, Riverbrooke, and Enchanted Oaks. '''Southeast Raleigh''' is bounded by downtown on the west, [[Garner, North Carolina|Garner]] on the southwest, and rural [[Wake County, North Carolina|Wake County]] to the southeast. The area includes areas along Rock Quarry Road, Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, and New Bern Avenue. This area is very diverse, with new suburban developments to poor inner-city neighborhoods. Many of the older neighborhoods are historically African American and date back to the end of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. Primary neighborhoods include Chavis Heights, Raleigh Country Club, Southgate, and Biltmore Hills. [[Walnut Creek Amphitheatre|Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion]] (formerly Alltel Pavilion and Walnut Creek Amphitheatre) is one of the region's major outdoor concert venues and is located on Rock Quarry Road. ==Economy== Raleigh's industrial base includes electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; and pharmaceuticals. Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research parks and a major center in the United States for [[high-tech]] and [[biotech]] research, as well as advanced [[textile]] development.<ref>[http://www.rtp.org/main/ The Research Triangle Park<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The city is a major retail shipping point for eastern North Carolina and a wholesale distributing point for the grocery industry. These companies are based in Raleigh or have significant facilities and operations in the city: *[[Alcatel-Lucent]] *[[Siemens]] Power Transportation & Distribution Division *[[Progress Energy Inc|Progress Energy]] *[[Red Hat]] *[[IBM|IBM Corporation]] *[[ABB Asea Brown Boveri]] *[[First Citizens Bank]] *[[Golden Corral]] *[[RBC Centura|RBC Centura Bank]] *[[Lenovo]] *[[Cisco|Cisco Systems]] *[[Carquest]] *[[Nortel Networks]] *[[Martin Marietta Materials]] *[[Eaton Corporation]] ==Demographics== {| class="toccolours" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 95%;" |- ! colspan=2 bgcolor="#ccccff" align="center"| Historical populations |- ! align="center"| Census<br/>year !! align="right"| Population |- | colspan=2|<hr> |- | align="center"| 1800 || align="right"| 699 |- | align="center"| 1900 || align="right"| 13,643 |- | align="center"| 1910 || align="right"| 19,218 |- | align="center"| 1920 || align="right"| 24,418 |- | align="center"| 1930 || align="right"| 37,379 |- | align="center"| 1940 || align="right"| 46,879 |- | align="center"| 1950 || align="right"| 65,679 |- | align="center"| 1960 || align="right"| 93,931 |- | align="center"| 1970 || align="right"| 122,830 |- | align="center"| 1980 || align="right"| 150,255 |- | align="center"| 1990 || align="right"| 212,092 |- | align="center"| 2000 || align="right"| 276,093 |- | align="center"| 2007 || align="right"| 374,320 |} As of the 2000 United States [[census]]{{GR|2}}, there were 276,093 persons and 61,371 families residing in Raleigh. The [[population density]] was 2,409.2 people per square mile (930.2/km²). There were 120,699 housing units at an average density of 1,053.2/sq&nbsp;mi (406.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 63.31% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 27.80% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.36% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 3.38% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.04% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.24% of [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.88% of two or more races. Residents who described themselves as [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race represented 7.01% of the population. There were 112,608 [[households]] in the city in 2000, of which 26.5% included children below the age of 18, 39.5% were composed of [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.4% reported a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% classified themselves as nonfamily. In addition, 33.1% of all households were composed of individuals living alone, of which 6.2% was someone 65 years of age or older. The average household size in Raleigh was 2.30 persons, and the average family size was 2.97 persons. Age-wise, Raleigh's population in 2000 was evenly distributed with 20.9% below the age of 18, 15.9% aged 18 to 24, 36.6% from 25 to 44, and 18.4% from 45 to 64. An estimated 8.3% of the population was 65 years of age or older, and the median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males; for every 100 females aged 18 or older, there were 96.6 males aged 18 or older. The median [[household income in the United States|household income]] in the city was $46,612 in 2000, and the median [[family income]] was $60,003. Males earned a median income of $39,248, versus $30,656 for females. The median [[per-capita income]] for the city was $25,113, and an estimated 11.5% of the population and 7.1% of families were living below the [[poverty line]]. Of the total population, 13.8% of those below the age of 18, and 9.3% of those 65 and older, were living below the poverty line. {{clr}} ==Education== {{FixBunching|beg}} [[Image:NCSU DH HILL Library.png|thumb|[[D.H. Hill Library]] at [[North Carolina State University]]]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:NCSU Belltower.png|thumb|125px|[[Memorial Bell Tower]] at [[North Carolina State University]] ]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:Estey-Hall-20080321.jpeg|thumb|125px|[[Estey Hall]] on the campus of [[Shaw University]]]] {{FixBunching|mid}} [[Image:Peace-College-20080321.jpeg|thumb|125px|[[Peace College Main Building|Main Building]] on the campus of [[Peace College]]]] {{FixBunching|end}} ===Higher education=== ====Public==== *[[North Carolina State University]] *[[Wake Technical Community College]] ====Private==== *[[Meredith College]] *[[Peace College]] *[[Shaw University]] *[[St. Augustine's College (Raleigh)|St. Augustine's College]] In addition, the [[Campbell University]] [[Norman Adrian Wiggins School of Law]] has announced that it will move to downtown Raleigh from the nearby town of [[Buies Creek, North Carolina|Buies Creek]] by 2009.<ref>[http://www.newsobserver.com/news/higher_education/story/726874.html newsobserver.com | Friends helped Campbell law school find home<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ====Private, for profit==== *[[ECPI College of Technology]] *[[School of Communication Arts]] *[[Strayer University]] ===Primary and secondary education=== ====Public schools==== Public schools in Raleigh are operated by the [[Wake County Public School System]]. Observers have praised the Wake County Public School System for its innovative efforts to maintain a socially, economically and racial balanced system by using income as a prime factor in assigning students to schools.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/25/education/25raleigh.html?_r=1&oref=slogin As Test Scores Jump, Raleigh Credits Integration by Income], Alan Finder, 1:1 September 25, 2005, New York Times</ref> ====Charter schools==== The State of North Carolina provides for a legislated number of [[charter school]]s. These schools are administered independently of the Wake County Public School System. Raleigh is currently home to nine such charter schools: *Casa Esperanza [[Montessori method|Montessori]] School (K-6) *Hope Elementary School (K-5) *[[John Baker, Jr.|John H. Baker, Jr.]], High School (9-12) *[[Magellan Charter School]] (3-8) *PreEminent Charter School (K-8) *Quest Academy (K-8) *[[Raleigh Charter High School]] (9-12) *SPARC Academy (K-8) *Torchlight Academy (K-6) ====Private and religion-based schools==== {| style="background: none;" |valign="top"| *Al-Iman Islamic School (K-8) *Bonner Academy (5-8) *[[Cardinal Gibbons High School (Raleigh)|Cardinal Gibbons Catholic High School]] (9-12) *Follow the Child Montessori School (K-6) *The Franciscan School (Catholic, K-8) *Friendship Christian School of Raleigh (Baptist, 1-12) *Gethsemane [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-Day Adventist]] School (K-8) *Maass Jewish Community Day School (K-5) *Montessori School of Raleigh (K-9) *Neuse Baptist Christian School (K-12) *[[North Raleigh Christian Academy]] (K-12) *Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic School (K-8) *[[Raleigh Christian Academy]] (Baptist, K-12) *Raleigh Latin High School (9-12) |width="50"|&nbsp; |valign="top"| *[[Raleigh School|The Raleigh School]] (K-5) *[[Ravenscroft School]] (K-12) *[[St. David's School (Raleigh, North Carolina)|Saint David's Episcopal School]] (K-12) *Saint Mary's Episcopal High School (9-12) *[[Saint Thomas More Academy|Saint Thomas More Academy (Catholic, 9-12)]] *Saint Timothy's Episcopal School (K-8) *The Trilogy School (2-12) *[[Trinity Academy of Raleigh]] (Christian, K-12) *Wake Christian Academy (K-12) |} ==Cultural resources== ===Museums=== * African American Cultural Complex * Contemporary Art Museum *[[North Carolina Museum of Art]] *[[North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences]] *[[North Carolina Museum of History]] *[[Raleigh City Museum]] *[[Marbles Kids Museum]] *[[J.C. Raulston Arboretum]] *[[Joel Lane House]] *[[Mordecai House]] *[[Pope House Museum]] ===Performing arts=== The [[Walnut Creek Amphitheatre|Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion at Walnut Creek]] hosts major international touring acts. The [[Progress Energy Center for the Performing Arts]] complex houses the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium, the Fletcher Opera Theater, the Kennedy Theatre, and the Meymandi Concert Hall. During the [[NC State Fair|North Carolina State Fair]], [[Dorton Arena]] hosts headline acts. Theater performances are also offered at the [[Raleigh Little Theatre]], [[Long View Center]], [[Theatre In The Park]], and Stewart Theater at North Carolina State University. Raleigh is home to several professional arts organizations, including the [[North Carolina Symphony]], the Opera Company of North Carolina, the [[North Carolina Theatre]], Broadway Series South and the [[Carolina Ballet]]. The numerous local colleges and universities significantly add to the options available for viewing live performances. ===Visual arts=== [[North Carolina Museum of Art]], occupying a large suburban campus on Blue Ridge Road near the [[North Carolina State Fair]]grounds, maintains one of the premier public art collections located between Washington, D.C., and Atlanta. In addition to its extensive collections of [[Visual arts of the United States|American Art]], [[Western art history|European Art]] and [[ancient art]], the museum recently has hosted major exhibitions featuring [[Auguste Rodin]] (in 2000) and [[Claude Monet]] (in 2006-07), each attracting more than 200,000 visitors. <ref>[http://www.artscapemedia.com/podcasts/archives/2006/09/dr_lawrence_whe.html ARTSCAPE: Dr. Lawrence Wheeler, Director, North Carolina Museum of Art, 8-25-06<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/1137143/ Monet Exhibit Sets New Attendance Record at N.C. Museum of Art :: WRAL.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Unlike most prominent public museums, the North Carolina Museum of Art acquired a large number of the works in its permanent collection through purchases with public funds. The museum's outdoor park is one of the largest such [[sculpture park|art parks]] in the country. The museum facility is currently undergoing a major expansion, scheduled for completion in 2008. ==Sports and leisure== ===Professional=== [[Image:RBC Center.jpg|right|thumb|250px|The [[RBC Center]] in Raleigh]] The [[National Hockey League|National Hockey League's]] [[Carolina Hurricanes]] franchise moved to Raleigh in [[1997]] from [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]], [[Connecticut]] (where it was known as the [[Hartford Whalers]]). The team played its first two seasons in the nearby city of [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], while its home arena, Raleigh's [[RBC Center]] was under construction. The Hurricanes are the only major league ([[NFL]], [[NHL]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]], [[MLB]]) professional sports team in North Carolina to have won a championship, winning the [[Stanley Cup]] in [[2006]], over the [[Edmonton Oilers]]. In addition to the Hurricanes, the [[Carolina Railhawks]] of the [[USL First Division|United Soccer Leagues]] play in suburban Cary to the west; the [[Carolina Mudcats]], a [[Minor league baseball#Extant farm system|AA]] [[minor league baseball]] team, play in the city's eastern suburbs; and the [[Durham Bulls]], the [[Minor league baseball#Extant farm system|AAA]] [[minor league baseball]] team made internationally famous by the movie ''[[Bull Durham]]'', play in the neighboring city of Durham. Several other professional sports leagues have had former franchises (now defunct) in Raleigh, including the [[Arena Football League]]; the [[World League of American Football]]; the [[Raleigh Cougars]] of the [[United States Basketball League]]; and most recently, the [[Carolina Courage]] of the [[Women's United Soccer Association]] (in suburban Cary), which won that league's championship Founders Cup in 2002. The Research Triangle region has hosted the [[PGA|Professional Golfers' Association (PGA)]] [[Nationwide Tour]] [[Rex Hospital Open]] since [[1994]], with the current location of play at Raleigh's [[Wakefield Plantation]]. ===Amateur=== The [[North Carolina Tigers]], an [[Australian Rules football]] club in the [[USAFL|United States Australian Football League (USAFL)]] and competing in the [[EAFL|Eastern Australian Football League (EAFL)]], are based in Raleigh. Raleigh is also home to the [[Carolina Rollergirls]], an all-women flat-track [[roller derby]] team that is a competing member of the [[WFTDA|Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA)]]. The Carolina Rollergirls compete at [[Dorton Arena]] at the [[North Carolina State Fair]]grounds. In addition, the [[Carolina ANZACs]]<ref>http://www.carolinaanzacs.org</ref> [[cricket]] and social group is based in the Raleigh area and participates in tournaments throughout the country as part of the [[Mid Atlantic Cricket Conference]], a member league of the [[USACA|United States of America Cricket Association (USACA)]]. ===Recreation=== The Raleigh Parks and Recreation Department offers a wide variety of leisure opportunities at more than 150 sites throughout the city, which include: {{convert|8100|acre|km2|0}} of park land, {{convert|54|mi|km|0}} of [[greenway (landscape)|greenway]], 22 staffed [[community center]]s, a [[BMX]] championship-caliber race track, 112 tennis courts among 25 locations, 5 public lakes, and 8 public aquatic facilities. The [[J. C. Raulston Arboretum]], an 8 acre (32,000 m&sup2;) [[arboretum]] and [[botanical garden]] in west Raleigh administered by [[North Carolina State University]], maintains an impressive year-round collection that is open daily to the public without charge. ==Transportation== ===Air=== ====Raleigh-Durham International Airport==== {{main|Raleigh-Durham International Airport}} {{airport codes|RDU|KRDU|RDU}} Raleigh-Durham International Airport, the region's primary airport and the second-largest in North Carolina, is located northwest of downtown Raleigh via Interstate-40 between Raleigh and [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], serves the city and greater Research Triangle metropolitan region, as well as much of eastern North Carolina. It is a focus airport for [[American Airlines]] and a hub for [[American Eagle Airlines]]. The airport offers service to more than 45 domestic and international destinations and serves approximately 10 million passengers a year.<ref>[http://rdu.com/news/2008/release_011708.htm Raleigh-Durham International Airport<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The airport also offers facilities for [[general aviation]]. The airport authority currently is tripling the size of its Terminal C, planned for completion in 2010. ====Private airports==== Several licensed private [[general aviation|general-aviation]] airports operate in Raleigh's immediate suburban areas: * Bagwell Airport {{airport codes|||NC99}}, [[Garner, North Carolina|Garner]] * Ball Airport {{airport codes|||79NC}}, [[Louisburg, North Carolina|Louisburg]] * Cox Airport {{airport codes|||NC81}}, [[Apex, North Carolina|Apex]] * Deck Airpark Airport {{airport codes|||NC11}}, [[Apex, North Carolina|Apex]] * Field of Dreams Airport {{airport codes|||51NC}}, [[Zebulon, North Carolina|Zebulon]] * Fuquay/Angier Field Airport {{airport codes|||78NC}}, [[Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina|Fuquay-Varina]] * North Raleigh Airport {{airport codes|||00NC}}, [[Louisburg, North Carolina|Louisburg]] * Peacock Stolport Airport {{airport codes|||4NC7}}, [[Garner, North Carolina|Garner]] * Raleigh East Airport {{airport codes|||9NC0}}, [[Knightdale, North Carolina|Knightdale]] * Triple W Airport {{airport codes||K5W5|5W5}}, Raleigh ====Heliports==== The following licensed [[heliport]]s serve the Raleigh area: * Garner Road Heliport {{airport codes|||3NC2}}, Raleigh—publicly owned; state government service * Sky-5 Heliport {{airport codes|||3NC2}}, Raleigh—private, owned by [[WRAL-TV]] * Wake Medical Center Heliport {{airport codes|||0NC4}}, Raleigh—publicly owned; medical service * Western Wake Medical Center Heliport {{airport codes|||04NC}}, [[Cary, North Carolina|Cary]]—publicly owned; medical service A number of [[helipad]]s (i.e. marked landing sites not classified under the [[FAA]] [[LID]] system) also serve a variety of additional medical, private, corporate and governmental interests, throughout the area. ===Freeways and primary designated routes=== ;[[Interstate Highway]]s: *[[Interstate 40|I-40]] traverses the southern part of the city. Connects Raleigh to Durham and Chapel Hill to the west, and Wilmington to the southeast. *[[Interstate 440 (North Carolina)|I-440 Beltline]] makes a [[beltway|loop]] around the central part of the city. The I-440 route labeling formerly encompassed the entire loop around the city, co-numbered though south Raleigh with I-40. In 2002, the NCDOT removed the I-440 designation from the co-numbered I-40 (southern and southwestern) sections of the loop, and the directional signage on the remaining I-440 portion was changed from [[Inner/Outer labeling|Inner/Outer]] to East/West. As of 2008, many of the signs slated for updating have yet to be replaced, however. The route designation changes were made to avoid driver confusion over the Inner/Outer designations, especially with Raleigh's new "Outer Loop," as I-540 has become known. *[[Interstate 540 (North Carolina)|I-540/NC 540]] is currently under development. It is a partially completed outer beltway that will run around the outer edges of Wake County and into a small portion of southeast Durham county. The route is complete and currently open between the [[North Carolina Highway 55|NC 55]] interchange in Apex and the [[Knightdale Bypass|US-64/US-264]] interchange in Knightdale. ;[[U.S. Highway system|United States Highways]]: *[[U.S. Route 1]] enters the city from the north along Capital Boulevard, joins I-440 around the west side of Raleigh, and leaves the city to the southwest as the US 1/US 64 expressway in Cary. *[[U.S. Route 64]] is the main east-west route through Raleigh; all segments share routes with another highway. East of the city, US-64/US-264 is known as the [[Knightdale Bypass]]. US 64 follows I-440 (as a wrong way concurrency) and I-40 along southern Raleigh, and US 1 to the southwest. *[[U.S. Route 70]] runs roughly northwest-southeast through Raleigh. North of downtown, the route follows Glenwood Avenue into Durham. South of Raleigh, the route (along with US 401 and NC 50) follows South Saunders and South Wilmington Streets into Garner. Through downtown, US 70 uses small segments of several streets, including Wade Avenue, Capital Boulevard, Dawson, and McDowell Streets. *[[U.S. Route 264]] cosigned with US 64 through East Raleigh. *[[U.S. Route 401]] north of downtown Raleigh it follows Capital Boulevard and Louisburg Road. South of downtown it is cosigned with US 70 from Wade Avenue southward. ;[[North Carolina Highways]]: *[[North Carolina Highway 54|N.C. Route 54]] follows Chapel Hill Road and [[Hillsborough Street]] in West Raleigh. The route ends at its interchange with [[Interstate 440 (North Carolina)|I-440]]. *[[North Carolina Highway 50|N.C. Route 50]] is a north-south route through Raleigh. North of Raleigh it follows Creedmoor Road. NC 50 joins US 70 and later US 401 in downtown Raleigh. The three routes remain together through south Raleigh. *[[North Carolina Highway 98|N.C. Route 98]], known as Durham Road in North Raleigh, traverses the extreme northern parts of the city. ===Intercity rail=== [[Image:RaleighAmtrakStation.jpg|thumb|Amtrak's Carolinian, pulling into Raleigh's downtown train station]] [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Carolinian and Piedmont|Carolinian, Piedmont]]'' and ''[[Silver Star (Amtrak)|Silver Star]]'' offer daily service between Raleigh and: *[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]], with intermediate stops including Cary, Durham, [[Burlington, North Carolina|Burlington]] and [[Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], North Carolina. *[[New York City]], with intermediate stops including [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Virginia]]; [[Washington, D.C.]]; [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore]]; and [[Philadelphia]]. *[[Miami, Florida|Miami]], with intermediate stops including [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]], [[South Carolina]], and [[Savannah, Georgia|Savannah]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]; as well as [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] and [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Florida]]. See [http://www.bytrain.org NCDOT ByTrain] for more information. ===Public transit=== Public transportation in and around Raleigh is provided by the [http://www.raleigh-nc.org/transit/ CAT], [[Capital Area Transit (Raleigh)|Capital Area Transit (CAT)]], which operates 37 bus fixed routes and an historic trolley line within the city, and the [[Triangle Transit Authority|Triangle Transit Authority (TTA)]], which offers scheduled, fixed-route regional and commuter bus service between Raleigh and the metropolitan region's other principal cities of Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill (where TTA connects with the respective local urban transit systems), as well as to and from the [[Raleigh-Durham International Airport]], [[Research Triangle Park]] and several of the region's larger suburban communities. TTA also coordinates an extensive [[vanpool]] and [[carpool|rideshare]] program that serves the region's larger employers and commute destinations. Raleigh city planners, in conjunction with other government agencies throughout the metropolitan area, currently are conducting a [[feasibility study]] on whether or not to construct a [[light rail]] and/or [[commuter rail]] system for the Research Triangle region.<ref>[http://wral.com/traffic/story/2351932/ Local Leaders Turn to Charlotte for Transportation Insights :: WRAL.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> An attempt was made to gain support for such a proposal earlier in the decade, however in 2006 the TTA announced those plans had been placed on indefinite hold due to a lack of local funds and a recommended denial by the [[Federal Transit Administration|Federal Transit Administration (FTA)]] to Congress for matching federal funding.<ref>[http://www.ridetta.org/Regional_Rail/Overview/3-07LatestTransitNeeds.htm 3-07LatestTransitNeeds<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.wral.com/news/local/story/1659323/ Commuter Rail System Coming to the Triangle? :: WRAL.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The Special Transit Advisory Commission (STAC) has proposed raising the local sales tax by a half cent to fund the project.<ref>[http://wral.com/traffic/story/2291218/ Panel: Sales Tax Could Pay for Regional Transit :: WRAL.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://wral.com/news/local/story/1075639/ New Panel Will Develop Vision For Triangle Transit :: WRAL.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The STAC estimates the population of the Triangle region will double in size over the next 20 to 25 years, and that rail transit is among the solutions to the inevitable continued increase in traffic volumes and congestion due to the region's burgeoning population growth and continuing sprawl.<ref>[http://www.wral.com/traffic/story/2393859/ Regional Mass Transit System Inches Closer to Reality :: WRAL.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ===Bicycle=== The ''mountains-to-the-sea'' [[North Carolina Bicycle Route 2]] travels through the city of Raleigh, as does the [[Maine]]-to-[[Florida]] [[U.S. Bicycle Route 1]]. [[North Carolina Bicycle Route 5]], ''the Cape Fear run,'' connects nearby suburban [[Apex, North Carolina|Apex]] to the coastal city of [[Wilmington, North Carolina|Wilmington]], North Carolina, and closely parallels the route of the [[Randonneurs USA|Randonneurs USA (RUSA)]] 600km [[brevet (military)|brevet]] route. <ref>[http://www.unc.edu/~alanj/600_kilometers.htm 600 Kilometers<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. Most public buses are equipped with bicycle racks, and some roads have dedicated bicycle-only lanes. Bicyclists also may use Raleigh's extensive [[greenway]] system, with trails throughout the city. ==Media== ===Print=== There are several printed newspapers and periodicals that serve the Raleigh market: *''[[The News & Observer]]'', a large daily newspaper owned by the [[McClatchy Company]] *''[[Independent Weekly]]'', a free weekly newspaper (published in nearby Durham) *''Carolina Journal'', a free monthly newspaper *''Raleigh Downtowner'', a free monthly magazine *''The Blotter'', a free monthly literary journal ===Television=== {{main|The Triangle (North Carolina)#Television}} ====Broadcast==== Raleigh is part of the Raleigh-Durham-[[Fayetteville, North Carolina|Fayetteville]] [[Designated Market Area]], the 28th largest broadcast television market in the United States. The following stations are licensed to Raleigh and/or have significant operations and viewers in the city: *[[WUNC-TV]] (4, [[PBS]]) licensed to Chapel Hill, owned by the University of North Carolina *[[WRAL-TV]] (5, [[CBS]]): [[city of license|licensed]] to the city of Raleigh, owned by [[Capitol Broadcasting Company]] *[[WLFL-TV]] (22, [[The CW Television Network|CW]]): licensed to the city of Raleigh, owned by [[Sinclair Broadcasting|Sinclair Broadcast Group]] *[[WRAZ-TV]] (50, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]]): licensed to the city of Raleigh, owned by Capitol Broadcasting Company *[[WNCN-TV]] (17, [[NBC]]): studios located in Raleigh, licensed to the city of [[Goldsboro, North Carolina|Goldsboro]] southeast of Raleigh; owned by [[Media General]] *[[WTVD-TV]] (11, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]): licensed to the city of Durham. News bureau located located in Raleigh. owned by ABC ([[Walt Disney Company]]) *[[WRDC-TV]] (28, [[My Network TV]]) licensed to Durham, owned by [[Sinclair Broadcasting]] *[[WRAY-TV]] (30, Independent/Jewelry TV) licensed to Wilson, owned by Multicultural Broadcasting *[[WUVC-TV]] (40, [[Univision]]) licensed to Fayetteville, owned by Univision. ====Subscriber==== Raleigh is home to the Research Triangle Region bureau of the regional cable news channel [[News 14 Carolina]]. ===Internet-only=== *''RTP-TV, Research Triangle Park online television (defunct)'': The Raleigh region hosted North Carolina's first online television station, which broadcasted news and programs of regional interest over the Internet until ceasing operations in 2006.{{Fact|date=March 2008}} *''The Raleigh Chronicle'', a free locally owned online daily newspaper *''New Raleigh'', a free locally owned online daily news magazine ===Broadcast radio=== ====Public and listener-supported==== *[[WKNC|WKNC-FM]] ([[College rock]]), operated by students of [[North Carolina State University]] *[[WSHA|WSHA-FM]] ([[Jazz]]), operated by [[Shaw University]] *[[WCPE|WCPE-FM]] ([[Classical Music|Classical]]) *[[WUNC-FM]] ([[NPR|National Public Radio]], [[North Carolina Public Radio]]) operated by the [[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill]] ====Commercial==== *[[WDCG-FM]] *[[WQDR-FM]] *[[WBBB-FM]] *[[WRAL-FM]] *[[WWMY]]-FM *[[WPTF]]-AM *[[WRBZ]]-AM *[[WQOK]]-FM *[[WFXC]]-FM *[[WFXK]]-FM *[[WRVA]]-FM *[[WKSL]]-FM *[[WRDU]]-FM *[[WNNL]]-FM ==Sister cities== Raleigh is [[town twinning|twinned]] with several cities: * {{flagicon|France}} [[Compiègne]], [[France]]. * {{flagicon|England}} [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]], [[England]]. * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Rostock]], [[Germany]]. ==Notable Raleighites== {| * [[Ryan Adams]], [[singer/songwriter]] * [[Alesana]], a [[post-hardcore]] band * [[Clay Aiken]], [[popular music|pop]] singer * [[Loy Allen Jr.]], [[NASCAR]] driver * [[The Annuals]], [[indie rock]] band * [[The Rosebuds]], [[indie rock]] band * [[Bowerbirds_(band)]], [[nu-folk]] band * [[Pivot_(US_band)]], [[Rock Band]] * Tony Avent, internationally acclaimed [[Master Gardener Programs|master gardner]] and [[horticulture|horticultural]] writer * [[John Baker Jr.]] ([[1935]] - [[2007]]), [[NFL]] athlete and longtime Wake County [[sheriff]] * [[Between The Buried And Me]], [[progressive metal]] band * [[Andrew Britton]] ([[1981]] - [[2008]]), novelist * [[Juliana Royster Busbee]] (died 1962) and Jaques Busbee (died 1947), artists and founders of [[Jugtown Pottery]] * [[Jason Michael Carroll]], [[country music|country]] musician * Everett Case ([[1900]] - [[1966]]), [[NC State University]] Men's [[Basketball]] Coach, member N.C. Sports Hall of Fame and [[College Basketball Hall of Fame]] * [[Travis Cherry]], music producer * [[Godfrey Cheshire III]], film writer, director and critic, former chairman of the [[New York Film Critics Circle]] * [[The Connells]], [[1980s]] [[indie rock]] band * [[Corrosion of Conformity]], [[heavy metal]] band * [[Bill Cowher]], former [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] head coach * [[Josephus Daniels]] ([[1862]] - [[1948]]), [[newspaper]] editor and publisher, United States [[Secretary of the Navy]] * [[Daylight Dies]], Doom Metal band * [[John Edwards]], [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]], 2004 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nominee for [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] and 2008 Presidential Candidate * [[David Eichenberger]], emerging visual artist * [[The Embers (beach music band)|The Embers]], popular [[beach music|beach-music]] band * [[James A. Forbes]], prominent evangelist preacher, radio host and distinguished senior minister emeritus of [[The Riverside Church]] in [[New York City]] * [[Ron Francis]], NHL player ([[Carolina Hurricanes]]), member [[Hockey Hall of Fame]] * [[Charles Frazier]], novelist * [[Paul Friedrich]], emerging visual artist and cartoonist, co-founder of [[SparkCon]] * [[Justin Gatlin]], [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] athlete * Matt Gellatly, [[Canadian Hockey League]] player for the [[Saginaw Spirit]] ([[Michigan]]) * [[Kaye Gibbons]], writer * [[Michael C. Hall]], actor * [[Josh Hamilton]], [[baseball]] player * [[Matt Hardy]], [[Professional wrestler]] * [[Rufus Harley]] ([[1936]] - [[2006]]), [[jazz]] musician * [[Antwan Harris]], NFL athlete ([[New England Patriots]] [[Super Bowl]] Team) * [[Jesse Helms]], [[U.S. Senator]] ([[retired]]) * [[Gene Hobby]], [[NASCAR]] [[Winston Cup]] Driver * [[Richard Jenrette]], former chairman of the [[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]] and international [[philanthropist]], awarded the French [[Légion d'honneur|Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur (National Order of the Legion of Honor)]] in [[1996]] * [[Andrew Johnson]] ([[1808]] - [[1875]]), 17th [[President of the United States]] * [[Kamau Kambon]], bookstore owner and [[racist]] proponent of [[genocide]] * [[Lauren Kennedy]], [[Broadway theater|Broadway]] actress and singer * [[Sharon Lawrence]], actress * [[Little Brother]], [[rap]] artist * James Lytle (died [[1987]]), athlete, coach and [[athletic director]] at [[Shaw University]], member [[CIAA]] Hall of Fame * [[Pete Maravich]] ([[1947]] - [[1988]]), [[NBA]] athlete * [[Armistead Maupin]], writer * [[Daniel McFadden]], economist * [[Nate McMillan]], NBA athlete and [[Coach (sport)|coach]] * [[Tift Merritt]], singer/songwriter * [[Chuck Nevitt]], NBA athlete * [[Martha Nichols]], choreographer and dance instructor * [[Petey Pablo]], [[hip hop music|hip-hop]] artist * [[Brandon Phillips]], second baseman for the [[Cincinnati Reds]] * [[Emily Procter]], actress * [[Shavlik Randolph]], NBA athlete ([[Philadelphia 76ers]]) * [[Peyton Reed]], television and film director * [[Tom Regan]], [[philosopher]] and noted [[animal-rights]] advocate * [[Vermont C. Royster]] ([[1914]] - [[1996]]), journalist * [[Amy Sedaris]], actress, writer and [[satirist]] * [[David Sedaris]], writer, [[humorist]] and satirist * [[Julie Shea-Graw]], [[Athletics (track and field)|track-and-field]] athlete, [[1980]] [[Honda-Broderick Cup|Broderick Cup]] winner * [[Paul Shuey]], baseball player * [[Norman Sloan]] ([[1926]] - [[2003]]), [[NC State University]] Men's [[Basketball]] athlete and coach (with [[1974]] [[NCAA]] title) * [[Lee Smith (author)|Lee Smith]], writer * [[Jim Valvano]] ([[1946]] - [[1993]]), [[NC State University]] Men's [[Basketball]] Coach (with [[1983]] [[NCAA]] title), [[ESPY Awards|ESPY Award]] winner * [[Reginald VelJohnson]], actor * [[Whiskeytown]], 1990s [[alt country]] band * [[Chris Wilcox]], NBA athlete * [[Evan Rachel Wood]], actress * [[Kristi Yamaguchi]], [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] athlete * [[Kay Yow]], [[NC State University]] Women's [[Basketball]] Coach, [[ESPY Awards|ESPY Award]] winner, member [[Women's Basketball Hall of Fame]] ==See also== *[[The Triangle (North Carolina)|Research Triangle Metropolitan Region ("The Triangle")]] *[[I-85 Corridor]] *[[Capital Area Transit (Raleigh)|Capital Area Transit (CAT)]] *[[Triangle Transit Authority|Triangle Transit Authority (TTA)]] *[[Raleigh-Durham International Airport]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commonscat|Raleigh, North Carolina}} * [http://www.raleighnc.gov Official website of Raleigh, NC] * [http://www.raleighchamber.org/ Raleigh Chamber of Commerce] * [http://www.godowntownraleigh.com/ Downtown Raleigh Alliance] * [http://raleighcvb.org/ Greater Raleigh Convention and Visitor's Bureau] * [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/raleigh/ Raleigh: A Capital City, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary] * [http://www.visitraleigh.com Visit Raleigh Website] * [http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/dimp/digital/rhp/index.html From Crossroads to Capital: the Founding and Early History of Raleigh] * [http://msweb01.co.wake.nc.us/realestate/ Wake County Real Estate Records] * [http://www.newsobserver.com/ The News & Observer] * [http://www.raleigh2.com/ The Raleigh Chronicle] * [http://www.indyweek.com/ The Independent Weekly] * [http://www.beautifulbrentwood.com/ Brentwood Neighborhood] * [http://www.boylanheights.org/ Boylan Heights Neighborhood] {{Wake County, North Carolina}} {{North Carolina}} {{Triangle, NC}} {{United States state capitals}} [[Category:Settlements established in 1792]] [[Category:Raleigh, North Carolina| ]] [[Category:Cities in North Carolina]] [[Category:Planned cities]] [[Category:County seats in North Carolina]] [[Category:The Triangle, North Carolina| ]] [[ar:رالي، كارولاينا الشمالية]] [[bg:Роли (Северна Каролина)]] [[ca:Raleigh]] [[cs:Raleigh]] [[da:Raleigh]] [[de:Raleigh (North Carolina)]] [[et:Raleigh]] [[es:Raleigh (Carolina del Norte)]] [[eo:Raleigh (Norda Karolino)]] [[eu:Raleigh]] [[fa:رالی (کارولینای شمالی)]] [[fr:Raleigh]] [[gl:Raleigh, Carolina do Norte]] [[ko:롤리 (노스캐롤라이나 주)]] [[io:Raleigh, Norda-Karolina]] [[id:Raleigh, North Carolina]] [[ia:Raleigh, North Carolina]] [[it:Raleigh (Carolina del Nord)]] [[he:ראלי (קרוליינה הצפונית)]] [[pam:Raleigh, North Carolina]] [[ku:Raleigh]] [[lt:Rolis]] [[nl:Raleigh (North Carolina)]] [[ja:ローリー (ノースカロライナ州)]] [[no:Raleigh]] [[oc:Raleigh]] [[pl:Raleigh (Karolina Północna)]] [[pt:Raleigh (Carolina do Norte)]] [[ro:Raleigh, North Carolina]] [[ru:Роли (Северная Каролина)]] [[simple:Raleigh, North Carolina]] [[sk:Raleigh]] [[fi:Raleigh]] [[sv:Raleigh]] [[ta:ராலீ]] [[th:ราลี]] [[uk:Ралі]] [[vo:Raleigh (North Carolina)]] [[zh:罗利 (北卡罗来纳州)]]