Reintroduction 477117 210839322 2008-05-07T16:54:52Z Mikael Häggström 2615838 +header and move from Extinct in the wild {{Globalize/UK}} '''Reintroduction''' is the deliberate release of species into the wild, from [[captive breeding|captivity]] or relocated from other areas where the species survives. It usually involves species that are [[endangered species|endangered]] or [[extinct in the wild]]. Because reintroduction involves native species that have become (locally) extinct, some prefer the term <nowiki>"</nowiki>'''re-establishment'''<nowiki>"</nowiki>. == Survival skills == It may be very hard to reintroduce EW species into the wild, even if their natural habitats were restored. A main reason may be that the survival techniques, which are normally passed from parents to offspring during parenting, are lost. In other words it may be explained by that the [[genetics]] of the species is saved, but the natural [[memetics]] of the species is lost. Beginning in the 1980s, biologists have learned that many [[mammal]]s and [[bird]]s need to learn a lot in order to survive in the wild. Thus, reintroduction programmes have to be planned carefully, ensuring that the animals have the necessary survival skills. It is also necessary to study the animals after the reintroduction. The goals of this study include learning whether the animals are surviving and breeding, and what effects the reintroduction is having on the [[ecosystem]], and to learn how to improve the process. Still, it may require a reintroduction of a very vast number of animals into the wild in order to be sure that an adequate number of them succeed in learning how to survive. For instance, in the reintroduction of [[Houbara Bustard]]s into the wild in the [[United Arab Emirate]]s, more than 5,000 birds per year are used. <ref>[http://www.uaeinteract.com/docs/Houbara_bustard_reintroduced_into_the_wild/29383.htm uaeinteract.com - Houbara bustard reintroduced into the wild</ref> ==IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group== The IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group (RSG)<ref>[http://www.iucnsscrsg.org/downloads.html IUCN/SSC Reintroduction Specialist Group’s Re-introduction Guidelines: 1) IUCN Position Statement on the Translocation of Living Organism; 2) Guidelines for Re-introduction.]</ref> is one of the over 100 Specialist groups of the Species Survival Commission (SSC), which is one of the six IUCN Commissions, with its headquarters in Gland, Switzerland. The RSG is one of the few disciplinary Specialist Groups (e.g. Veterinary, Conservation Breeding) as opposed to the majority which are taxon based (e.g. Crocodile, Cat, Orchid). The role of the RSG is to promote the re-establishment of viable populations in the wild of animals and plants. The need for this role was felt due to the increased demand from re-introduction practitioners, the global conservation community and increase in re-introduction projects worldwide. Increasing numbers of animal and plant species are becoming rare, or even extinct in the wild. In an attempt to re-establish populations, species can – in some instances – be re-introduced into an area, either through translocation from existing wild populations, or by re-introducing captive-bred animals or artificially propagated plants. ==Ongoing or successful reintroduction programmes in the UK== *[[Northern Goshawk]] – the existing [[UK]] population is believed to be derived from a mixture of escaped [[Falconry|falconer]]s' birds and deliberate introductions - (successful) *[[Large Blue]] butterfly in the west and south-west of [[England]] - (successful and ongoing) *[[Red Kite]] in the [[Chiltern Hills]], [[Black Isle]], [[Northamptonshire]], [[Dumfries and Galloway]], [[North Yorkshire]], [[Perth and Kinross]] and [[Gateshead]] - (successful) *[[Osprey]] to [[Rutland Water]] - (successful) *[[White-tailed Eagle]] to the [[Outer Hebrides]] - (successful) *[[Glanville Fritillary]] butterfly to [[Somerset]] - (successful) *[[Heath Fritillary]] butterfly to [[Essex]] - (successful) *[[Great Bustard]] to [[Salisbury Plain]] - (ongoing) *[[Black Grouse]] to [[Derbyshire]] - (ongoing) *[[Corncrake]] to [[Cambridgeshire]] - (ongoing) *[[Wild Boar]] to several places in [[England]] - (accidental), (successful) *[[Red Squirrel]] to [[Anglesey]] - successful and ongoing<ref>[http://www.redsquirrels.info]</ref> ==Planned or proposed reintroduction programmes in the UK== *[[Common Crane]] to [[England]] (proposed, due to commence 2008) *[[European Beaver]] in [[Scotland]] (proposed) *[[Wolf]] in [[Scotland]] (proposed) *[[White-tailed Eagle]] to [[England]] and [[Wales]] (proposed, due to be reintroduced to [[Suffolk]] as soon as 2008) *[[Silver-washed Fritillary]] to [[Essex]] *[[European Lynx]] in [[England]] and [[Scotland]] (proposed) ==Rejected reintroduction proposals in the UK== *[[The Wild Beasts Trust]] *[[European Beaver]] in Scotland (2005) ==Planned or proposed reintroduction programmes around the world== * [[Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project]] of [[Asiatic Lion]] to [[Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary]] from their only home presently in the world at [[Gir Forest National Park]]. Kuno Wildlife Sanctuary is the chosen site for re-introducing and establishing the world's second completely separate population of the wild free ranging Asiatic Lions in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India. ==Ongoing or successful reintroduction programmes in other countries== *[[Black-footed Ferret]] in the [[United States|USA]] and [[Mexico]] *[[Brush-tailed Bettong]] in [[Australia]] (ongoing) *[[California Condor]] in [[California]] ([[United States|USA]]) and [[Mexico]] (ongoing) *[[European Beaver]] in several places in [[Europe]] (successful) *[[European Otter]] in the [[Netherlands]] (ongoing) *[[European Lynx]] in [[Switzerland]] (successful), and other parts of Europe (ongoing) *[[European Black Vulture]] in the [[Massif Central]] in [[France]] *[[Griffon Vulture]] in the [[Massif Central]], [[France]] (successful), Central [[Apennine Mountains|Apennines]], [[Italy]], and Northern and Southern [[Israel]] (ongoing) *[[Lammergeier]] in the [[Alps]] (successful) *[[Lesser Kestrel]] in [[Spain]] *[[Lesser White-fronted Goose]] in [[Sweden]] and [[Germany]] (ongoing) *[[Musk ox]] in [[Alaska]] ([[United States|USA]]) (successful) *[[Northern Bald Ibis]] in [[Austria]] and [[Italy]] (ongoing) *[[Nubian Ibex]] in [[Israel]] (successful) *[[Père David's Deer]] in [[China]] (ongoing) *[[Peregrine Falcon]] in [[Germany]], [[Poland]], [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]] *[[Persian Fallow Deer]] in [[Israel]] (ongoing) *[[Przewalski's Horse]] in [[Mongolia]] (ongoing) *[[Red Kite]] in [[Ireland]]<ref>http://www.environ.ie/en/Heritage/NationalParksandWildlife/News/MainBody,5384,en.htm</REF> *[[Golden Eagle]] in [[Ireland]] (ongoing) *[[Wisent]] in [[Poland]], [[Belarus]] (successful) and other parts of [[Europe]] (ongoing) *[[Wolf]] in [[Wyoming]] ([[United States|USA]]) (successful) *[[Arabian Oryx]] in the Sultanate of [[Oman]] (successful) ==See also== *[[Reintroduction of wolves]] *[[Translocation (Wildlife conservation)]] *[[Wildlife management]] *[[Wildlife conservation]] *[[World Conservation Union]] (IUCN) ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.iucnsscrsg.org/ IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group] *[http://www.iucnsscrsg.org/downloads.html IUCN/SSC Re-introduction Specialist Group's NEWSLETTER: "Re-introduction NEWS" (IUCN/SSC)] *[http://www.iucn.org/ The World Conservation Union (IUCN)] *[http://www.cbsg.org/reports/mammals.php Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, IUCN: CBSG “PHVA” Reports (Population and Habitat Viability Assessment)] *[http://www.cbsg.org/index.php Conservation Breeding Specialist Group, IUCN] *[http://www.goldeneagle.ie/index.html Reintroduction of Golden Eagle to Ireland] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/gloucestershire/4380276.stm BBC News release on Beaver reintroduction in England] *[http://www.scotsbeavers.org/ Scottish Beavers Network - campaigning for Beaver reintroduction in Scotland] *[http://www.treemail.nl/takh/ Reintroduction of Przewalski's Horse to Mongolia] *[http://www.greatbustard.com Reintroduction of Great Bustard to England] *[http://www.asiatic-lion.org/kuno.html Kuno: Asiatic Lion’s second home in making] *[http://www.redsquirrels.info/squirrelcam.html Red Squirrel Reintroduction in the UK] [[Category:Species extinct in the wild| ]] [[Category:Conservation biology]] [[de:Auswilderung]] [[fr:Réintroduction]] [[he:השבת בעלי חיים לטבע]] [[nl:Herintroductie]]