Renaissance painting
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{{for|general developments in Italy|Italian Renaissance painting}}
[[Image:Tizian 029.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Titian]], ''[[Sacred and Profane Love]]'', c. 1513-1514]]
'''Renaissance painting''' bridges the period of [[European art history]] between the [[Medieval art|art of the Middle Ages]] and [[Baroque art]]. [[Painting]] of this era is connected to the "rebirth" (''renaissance'' in French) of classical antiquity, the impact of [[Renaissance humanism|humanism]] on artists and their patrons, new artistic sensibilities and techniques, and, in general, the transition from the [[Medieval]] period to the [[Early modern]] age.
In the [[visual art]]s, significant achievements occur around 1400 in both [[Italy]] and north of the [[Alps]]. [[Masaccio]]'s art and the writings of [[Leon Battista Alberti]] helped establish [[linear perspective]] and the idealisation of the human body as primary ideas of Italian Renaissance painting in the early 15th century. Likewise, [[Early Netherlandish artist]]s such as [[Jan van Eyck]] were innovators in [[oil painting]] and intuitive spatial compositions. The brief [[High Renaissance]] (c. 1500–1520) centred around [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[Michelangelo]] and [[Raphael]] in Florence and [[Rome]], was a culmination of the Italian achievements, while artists like [[Albrecht Dürer]] brought a similar level of intellectual and artistic innovation to northern Europe. Late Renaissance painting, from about 1520 until the end of the 16th century, is marked by various [[Mannerist]] tendencies that spread from Italy through the rest of France.
==Themes and symbolism==
Renaissance artists painted a wide variety of themes. Religious [[altarpiece]]s, [[fresco]] cycles, and small works for private devotion were very popular. For inspiration, painters in both Italy and northern Europe frequently turned to [[Jacobus de Voragine]]'s ''[[Golden Legend]]'' ([[1260]]), a highly influential source book for the lives of [[saint]]s that had already had a strong influence on Medieval artists. The rebirth of classical antiquity and [[Renaissance humanism]] also resulted in many [[Mythology|Mythological]] and [[history painting]]s. [[Ovidian]] stories, for example, were very popular. Decorative [[Ornament (architecture)|ornament]], often used in painted architectural elements, was especially influenced by classical Roman motifs.
==Techniques==
{{Renaissance}}
*The use of [[Perspective (graphical)|perspective]]: The first major treatment of the painting as a window into space appeared in the work of [[Giotto di Bondone]], at the beginning of the 14th century. True linear perspective was formalized later, by [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] and [[Leon Battista Alberti]]. In addition to giving a more realistic presentation of art, it moved Renaissance painters into painting more paintings.
*Balance and Proportion: proper sizes and the use of airy, bright colors. The human anatomy wasn't as idealized as during the ancient times.
==Italian artists==
{{Main|Italian Renaissance painting}}
* [[Leone Battista Alberti]] (1404-1472)
* [[Fra Angelico]] (c.1395-1455)
* [[Biagio d'Antonio]]
* [[Giotto di Bondone]] (1267-1337)
* [[Donatello]]
* [[Sandro Botticelli]]
* [[Masaccio]]
* [[Domenico Veneziano]]
* [[Filippo Lippi]]
* [[Andrea del Castagno]]
* [[Piero di Cosimo]]
* [[Paolo Uccello]]
* [[Antonello da Messina]]
* [[Pisanello]]
* [[Andrea Mantegna]]
* [[Luca Signorelli]]
* [[Alessio Baldovinetti]]
* [[Piero della Francesca]]
* [[Masolino]]
* [[Andrea del Verrocchio]]
* [[Domenico Ghirlandaio]]
* [[Benozzo Gozzoli]]
* [[Carlo Crivelli]]
==Artists of the Low Countries==
''Main articles: [[Early Netherlandish painting]] for 15th century artists, [[Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting]] for 16th century artists''
* [[Jean Bellegambe]] (c.1470-1535)
* [[Hieronymus Bosch]] (c.1450-1516)
* [[Dirk Bouts]]
* [[Robert Campin]] (c.1380-1444)
* [[Petrus Christus]] (1410/1420-1472)
* [[Jacques Daret]]
* [[Gerard David]] (c.1455–1523)
* [[Hubert van Eyck]] (1366?-1426)
* [[Jan van Eyck]] (1385?-1440?)
* [[Geertgen tot Sint Jans]]
* [[Hugo van der Goes]]
* [[Adriaen Isenbrant]] (c.1490-1551)
* [[Limbourg brothers]]
* [[Quentin Matsys]] (1466-1530)
* [[Hans Memling]] (c.1430-1494)
* [[Joachim Patinir]]
* [[Roger van der Weyden]] (Rogier de la Pasture)
[[Image:eyck.hubert.lamb.750pix.jpg|thumb|350px|"The Ghent Altarpiece: The Adoration of the Lamb" (interior view) painted 1432 by Jan van Eyck.]]
==German artists==
<h4>
* [[Albrecht Altdorfer]] (c.1480-1538)
* [[Hans Baldung]] (c.1480-1545), [[Alsatian]]
* [[Lucas Cranach the Elder]] (1472-1553)
* [[Lucas Cranach the Younger]] (1515-1586)
* [[Albrecht Dürer]] (1471-1528)
* [[Matthias Grünewald]] (c.1470-1528)
* [[Hans Holbein the Elder]] (c.1460-1524)
* [[Hans Holbein the Younger]] (c.1497–1543)
* [[Ambrosius Holbein]] (1494-1519)
==French artists==
* [[Jean Fouquet]]
* [[Jean Clouet]]
* [[Francois Clouet]]
* [[Barthélemy d'Eyck]] (born Netherlands),
* [[Nicolas Froment]]
* [[Jean Hey]] (formerly known as the Master of Moulins)
* [[Simon Marmion]]
* [[Enguerrand Quarton]]
==Spanish Artists==
* [[Bartolomé Bermejo]]
* [[Ayne Bru]]
* [[Juan de Flandes]]
* [[Jaume Huguet]]
* [[Pablo de San Leocadio]]
==Works==
* [[Ghent Altarpiece]], by Hubert and Jan van Eyck
* [[The Arnolfini Portrait]], by Jan van Eyck
* The [[Portinari Triptych]], by Hugo van der Goes
==Major collections==
::General Collections:
* [[National Gallery, London]]
* [[Louvre]], Paris
* [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington
* [[Gemäldegalerie, Berlin]]
* [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City]]
::Netherlandish:
* Musee Communal des Beaux-Arts, [[Bruges]], [[Belgium]]
* [[Groeningemuseum]], [[Bruges]], Belgium
* [[Museo del Prado]], [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] - for works of [[Hieronymus Bosch]]
::Italian:
* [[Uffizi]], [[Florence]]
==See also==
* [[Italian Renaissance painting]]
* [[History of painting]]
* [[International Gothic]]
* [[Danube school]]
* [[Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects]]
[[Category:Renaissance art]]
[[Category:Painting]]
[[Category:Renaissance]]
[[Category:art history]]
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[[es:Pintura renacentista]]
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[[nl:Vroege renaissance (schilderkunst)]]
[[ja:ルネサンス美術]]
[[pl:Malarstwo renesansu]]
[[pt:Pintura do Renascimento]]
[[ru:Изобразительное искусство Возрождения]]