Respiratory burst
1647815
214639490
2008-05-24T15:09:13Z
DOI bot
6652755
Citation enhancement. IN TRIAL: please check edit and [[User:DOI_bot/bugs|report any bugs]]. Any concerns? Please [[User_talk:Smith609|Contact the bot's operator]].
'''Respiratory burst''' (is sometimes called '''oxidative burst''') is the rapid release of [[reactive oxygen species]] (superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide) from different types of cells.
Usually it denotes the release of these chemicals from immune cells, e.g., [[neutrophil granulocyte|neutrophil]]s and [[macrophage]]s, as they come into contact with different [[bacterium|bacteria]] or [[fungus|fungi]]. They are also released from the [[ovum]] of higher animals after the ovum has been [[fertilized]]. These substances can also be released from [[plant cell]]s.
Respiratory burst plays an important role in the immune system. It is a crucial reaction that occurs in phagocytes to degrade internalized particles and bacteria.
[[NADPH oxidase]], an enzyme family in the vasculature (particularly in vascular disease), produces [[superoxide]], which spontaneously recombines with other molecules to produce reactive [[free radical]]s. The superoxide reacts with NO, resulting in the formation of peroxynitrite, reducing the bioactive NO needed to dilate terminal arterioles, feed arteries and resistance arteries. Superoxide anion, peroxynitrite, and other reactive oxygen species also lead to pathology via peroxidation of proteins and lipids, and via activation of redox sensitive signaling cascades and protein nitrosylation. NADPH oxidase activation has been suggested to depend on prior [[Protein kinase C|PKC]] activation.<!--
--><ref name="pmid12874436">{{cite journal |author=Inoguchi T, Sonta T, Tsubouchi H, Etoh T, Kakimoto M, Sonoda N, Sato N, Sekiguchi N, Kobayashi K, Sumimoto H, Utsumi H, Nawata H |title=Protein kinase C-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in vascular tissues of diabetes: role of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase |journal=J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. |volume=14 |issue=8 Suppl 3 |pages=S227–32 |year=2003 |pmid=12874436 |doi=10.1097/01.ASN.0000077407.90309.65}} [http://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/content/full/14/suppl_3/S227 Free full text]</ref><!--
--> [[Myeloperoxidase]] uses one of these free radicals, [[hydrogen peroxide]], to produce hypochlorous acid. Many vascular stimuli, including all those known to lead to insulin resistance, activate NADPH oxidase via both increased gene expression and complex activation mechanisms.
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
==External links==
* {{MeshName|Respiratory+burst}}
{{med-stub}}
[[Category:Immune system]]
[[Category:Leukocytes]]
[[de:Oxidativer Burst]]