Restoration Movement
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{{portal|Christianity}}
:''This article is about the Stone-Campbell Restoration Movement and churches that have a historical and/or theological connection to it (e.g., [[Churches of Christ]], [[Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ|Christian Churches]], and the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]].''
:''For more general information about other religious movements that attempted to restore the Christian church, see [[Restorationism]].''
:''For information related to [[Dispensationalism|dispensational]] Christian views regarding Jews in the [[end times]], see [[Supersessionism#Restorationism|restorationism (supersessionism)]].''
:''For information relating to the restoration movement established by Joseph Smith, Jr., see [[Latter Day Saint movement]].''
The '''Restoration Movement''' (also known historically as the "Stone-Campbell Movement") is a Christian reform movement traced to the 18th and 19th centuries in the [[United States]] during the [[Second Great Awakening]]. [[Barton W. Stone]] and [[Alexander Campbell (Restoration movement)|Alexander Campbell]] were leading figures of four independent movements with like principles who merged together into two religious movements of significant size. These churches have a total population of about 3,000,000 in the United States.{{fact|date=April 2008}} [[Restorationism]] sought to renew the whole Christian church, on the pattern set forth in the [[New Testament]], without regard to the creeds developed over time in [[Catholicism]], [[Orthodoxy]], or [[Reformed theology|Reformed]] [[Protestantism]], which allegedly kept Christianity divided. Churches are now found throughout the globe, claiming to "concentrate on the essential aspects of the Christian faith, allowing for a diversity of understanding with non-essentials." Basically, there are those whose beliefs and doctrines may differ on minor subjects, but who believe in Jesus Christ the Son as the savior and authority of the church. Among key practices are the weekly celebration of the [[Eucharist|Lord's Supper]] on the [[Sunday|first day of each week]] and a commitment to [[believer's baptism]] by immersion in water.
== Modern branches ==
Three modern North American religious groups trace their heritage back to roots in the Stone-Campbell Restoration movement:
* The [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]] - about 723,000 members in the United States and Canada.
* The [[Churches of Christ]] (''a cappella'') - about 1,500,000 members in the U.S.[http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/population/religion/]
:The branch that considers itself the conservative branch, generally goes by the name Church of Christ. It differs from other Christian churches in that it believes that Biblical silence is prohibitive. The most obvious difference due to Bible silence is that they do not use instruments in worship. Since they see no direct or indirect teaching about instrumental music in the New Testament, it is forbidden.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
:They insist on Bible names for Bible things. Elders/Pastors/Bishops are used for the leaders of the church, with Evangelist or Preacher reserved for the one who gives weekly sermons. Deacons are the servants, who assist the church more in its mundane functions while Elders deal more with the spiritual leadership of the church. Some Preachers will take on a leadership role with the other elders and at that point the title of pastor would not be unheard of, because pastor is just another name for the shepherds of the flock. The Lord's Supper is often used instead of Communion or Eucharists. They also may tend to use the phrase "Godhead" instead of Trinity to attempt to be consistent with Bible titles instead of non biblical titles.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
* The (instrumental) [[Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ]] - about 6,000 congregations, about 1,150,000 members worldwide; approx. 700,000 members in the United States as of 2001 {{Fact|date=June 2007}} .
This group is identical with the Churches of Christ in most all respects except for the use of instrumental music. This group does not view silence as prohibitive, but puts matters that the Bible does not address into the category of opinion. They are also more comfortable with national conventions and missionary societies. Though, both groups do not want to be a centralized denomination, the Independent Christian Churches think that working broadly with like minded churches is still a safe and beneficial practice.{{Fact|date=May 2008}}
Since the 1980s many of the autonomous congregations have become increasingly more evangelical in their orientation and style. Their autonomy has also catalyst in the growth of some 52 megachurches <ref> Christian Standard 2007 Megachurches</ref>(averaging 2000+ attendance), some among the largest in the US: Southeast Christian in Louisville (18,000+) and Central Christian Church in Las Vegas (11,000). This growth has been noticed by the larger Evangelical network and in recent years [[Willow Creek Community Church]] (the flagship megachurch) has added two Christian Church ministers to its teaching staff.<ref>www.willowcreek.org</ref> This growing interaction with Evangelicalism in an increasingly "post-denominational" American society presents a great growth opportunity for the brotherhood, but also threatens the loose ties that bind these congregations together.
The other large groups of the movement are:
* The [[Churches of Christ in Australia]]
* The [[United Reformed Church]] in the [[United Kingdom]] (also affiliated with the [[Reformed Church]] movement)
* The [[Fellowship of Churches of Christ]] in the [[United Kingdom]]
* The [[Associated Churches of Christ in New Zealand]]
Although they disassociate themselves from the Stone-Campbell Movement and have the least in common with the other branches, the [[Christadelphians]] share a heritage from the movement.
The Christian — Churches of Christ — Disciples of Christ family of Churches are linked through the [[World Convention of Churches of Christ]]. They will meet for the [http://www.worldconvention.org XVIIth World Convention of Churches of Christ] in [[Nashville]], [[Tennessee]] in July-August 2008. Also see [[Jesse Moren Bader|Jesse Moran Bader]]
Christ's Church Fellowship Inc was formed in 1988 as Charismatic Stone-Campbell organization [http://www.ccfinc.org Christ's Church Fellowship Inc.]
<!-- == Religious Context ==
The Restoration Movement was born in period of religious turmoil shaped by the aftermath of the [[Protestant Reformation]] and the American [[Second Great Awakening]].
=== In the wake of the Protestant Reformation ===
=== In the wake of the American Second Great Awakening ===
-->
== Pioneers of the movement ==
Although Barton W. Stone, Thomas and Alexander Campbell, and Walter Scott were to become the best-known and most influential early leaders of the movement, others preceded them and laid the foundation for their work.
* [[Barton W. Stone]] (1772-1844) [http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/people/bstone.html - Texts]
* [[Thomas Campbell (Restoration movement)|Thomas Campbell]] (1763-1854) [http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/people/tcampbell.html - Texts]
* [[Alexander Campbell (Restoration movement)|Alexander Campbell]] (1788-1866) [http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/people/acampbell.html - Texts]
* Walter Scott (1796-1861) [http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/people/wscott.html - Texts]
* [[James O'Kelly]] (1735?-1826), Durham, North Carolina [http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/people/jokelley.html - Texts]
* Rice Haggard (1769-1819) [http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/people/rhaggard.html - Texts]
* Elias Smith (1764-1846) [http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/people/esmith.html - Texts]
* Abner Jones (1772-1841) [http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/people/ajones.html - Texts]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Keeble Marshall Keeble] (1878-1948) His successful preaching career notably bridged a racial divide in the Restoration Movement prior to the American Civil Rights Movement.
* Scholars such as C. Leonard Allen at Abilene Christian University say that, besides the New Testament, the Restoration Movement was also influenced by the philosophy of [[John Locke]] and Scottish common sense philosophy.
== Early churches ==
According to the records of the Old Philadelphia congregation of the Church of Christ, this congregation came into existence in 1804. The records are in the possession of the church in Warren County, Tennessee. In 1807, a congregation gathered at Antioch in the Alabama Territory and moved, in 1847, two miles south to Rocky Springs, Jackson County, Alabama near where Bridgeport, Alabama is now. The records are in the possession of the Church of Christ at Rocky Springs. There were people who wanted to form a central control of congregations but this did not materialize.
The first congregation in this movement to take the name "Church of Christ" was established in June of 1834 at [[Knob Creek Church of Christ|Knob Creek]], in southern Graves County, Kentucky. This church is still in active existence.
Churches of Christ in Europe arose separately from the American RM and during the 1840s onwards various movements came into fellowship. The Restoration Movement in the United Kingdom started before the Campbell/Stone movement in the USA. In England churches of Christ flourished in the 1600s and before; eventually many became Baptist.[http://www.traces-of-the-kingdom.org.uk]
== Key principles ==
* [[Christianity]] should not be divided, [[Christ]] intended the creation of ''one'' church.
* Creeds divide, but Christians should be able to find agreement by standing on the Bible itself (from which they believe all creeds are but human expansions or constrictions) instead of on the opinions of people ''about'' the [[Bible]].
* Ecclesiastical traditions divide, but [[Christian]]s should be able to find common ground by following the practice (as best as it can be determined) of the early church.
* Names of human origin divide, but Christians should be able to find common ground by using biblical names for the church (i.e., "Christian Church," "Church of God" or "Church of Christ" as opposed to "Methodist" or "Lutheran", etc.). It is in this vein that conservative members of the Churches of Christ object to the phrase "Stone-Campbell Movement."
==The Christian Connection==
{{main|Christian Connection}}
Inextricably related to and intertwined with the Restoration Movement is the Christian Connection (sometimes spelled as Connexion). This religious movement began in several places and were secessions from three different denominations during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In 1792, [[James O'Kelly]], dissatisfied with the role of bishops in the [[Methodist Episcopal Church]], separated from this body. O’Kelly’s movement, centering in [[Virginia]] and [[North Carolina]], was originally called Republican Methodists.
The denominational name was dropped in 1794 in favor of the name “Christian” and a commitment to use the Bible as the only “rule of faith and practice.”
During the first several years of the 19th century, two [[Baptist]] ministers in [[New England]] espoused similar views to O’Kelly and began exclusively using the name “Christian.” Working independently at first, Elias Smith of [[Vermont]] and Abner Jones of [[New Hampshire]] joined together in their efforts.
In 1801, the [[Cane Ridge Revival]] in [[Kentucky]] would plant the seed for a movement in [[Kentucky]] and the [[Ohio River]] valley to disassociate from denominationalism. [[Barton W. Stone]] and four others separated from the [[Springfield Presbytery]] in 1804 preferring to be known only as “Christians.” Rice Haggard who suggested that the Republican Methodists use only the name Christian was the impetus behind Stone's western group doing the same.
By 1808, O’Kelly’s followers and the Smith/Jones movement were united; Stone’s Christians in Kentucky would soon follow suit. This loose fellowship of churches was called by the names “Christian Connection/Connexion” or “Christian Church.”
When Stone and [[Alexander Campbell]]’s Reformers (also known as Disciples and Christian Baptists) united in 1832, only a minority of Christian Churches participated. The participating churches largely were from [[Kentucky]], [[Indiana]], and southern [[Ohio]]. Those who did not unite with Campbell continued to use the name Christian Church as did the Disciples — thus beginning the confusion over names among the various factions of the Restoration Movement which continues today.
The Christian Church merged with the [[Congregational Churches]] in 1931 to form the [[Congregational Christian Churches]]. The [[Evangelical and Reformed Church]] formed in 1934 as a merger of the Reformed Church in the United States and the Evangelical Synod of North America. In 1957, the Congregational Christian Church and the Evangelical and Reformed Church, after twenty years of discussion, forged the [[United Church of Christ]].
In 1989, the UCC and the [[Disciples of Christ]] agreed to participate in full communion with each other, while remaining separate denominations.
'''Sources'''
Murch, James DeForest. <u>Christians Only</u>. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing, 1962.
Jennings, Walter Wilson. <u>Origin and Early History of the Disciples of Christ</u> Cincinnati: Standard Publishing, 1919.
Morrill, Milo True. <u>History of the Christian Denomination in America</u>. Dayton: The Christian Publishing Association, 1912.
[http://www.ucc.org/aboutus/shortcourse/chrchu.html A Short Course in UCC History: The Christian Churches]
[http://www.ucc.org/ecumenical/partnership.htm UCC-Disciples Ecumenical Partnership]
[http://www.ucc.org/aboutus/shortcourse/conchr.html A Short Course in UCC History: The Congregational Christian Churches]
[http://www.ucc.org/aboutus/shortcourse/evaref.html A Short Course in UCC History: The Evangelical and Reformed Church]
==Churches of Christ/Disciples of Christ split==
<!-- The paragraph that is written here (was?) incorrect. There was no agreement of the type described in this paragraph. The decision to list the members separately was a decision of the U.S. Census. While it may or may not be true that the "Disciples of Christ" organization agreed to this, the Church of Christ did not. Secondly, it is incorrect and biased to say that the Churches of Christ split away. The decision to form the [[American Christian Missionary Society]] was a presumptuous decision which resulted in the Disciples/Christian churches creating an organization which was intolerable by the Churches of Christ. Thus it was the Disciples/Christian churches that split away not vice versa. Clearly, Church historians must sort out the truth of these claims. Name choice in and of itself should not indicate change.
<!-- actually, the ACMS was a joint effort of segments of the whole movement at the time, although each congregation and person was of course at liberty to participate or not. The division had more to do with the Civil War (even more so than instrumental music) because of the location of the convention being in Ohio. Those from the South were no longer able to attend the convention for obvious reasons historically and the division then brewed.-->
<!-- (the following is highly questionable) All unbiased observers agree that the Disciples group was the larger of the two at the time. Therefore it will forever be observed that the smaller body was a split from the larger, rather than the reverse, regardless of the actual facts and merits of the matter.-->
<!-- While the U.S. Census Department made the decision to list the Churches of Christ as a separate body, this was at the insistence of James Walton Shepherd, a Church of Christ minister, who along with others instigated this change. Shepherd continued to rally that the churches of Christ be listed separate from the Disciples during the next religious census in 1926; see Religious Bodies: 1926. Vol. II. Separate Denominations: Statistics, History, Doctrine, Organization, and Work. United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1929. Pp. 396-400. In this report, Shepherd noted that the dividing line between the two groups was not clearly defined in 1906; however, by 1926 these demarcations now were clearly in place. Therefore, since the separate listing was at the insistence of those of the churches of Christ, the terminology of "splitting" from the Disciples is semantically correct. The reasons are not important as the churches of Christ largely ceased fellowshipping with the Disciples not vica versa. The same can be said about the Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ who also left the Disciples for some (albeit not all) of the same reasons. The Disciples' did not drop these congregations from their yearbook; the individual congregations petitioned the Disciple's Convention to be removed. A couple of points of correction here. Campbell and Stone did not unite until 1832 – they only met for the first time in 1824. Regarding the music question, Daniel Sommer and Sand Creek Declaration of 1889 is not mentioned. This was important rallying point towards separation on the grounds that the Disciples' "innovations and corruptions" had contaminated New Testament Christianity.-->
In 1906 the [[Church of Christ|Churches of Christ]] and the [[Disciples of Christ]] split over many issues that ran back to the Campbell-Stone Union in 1824. Actually, it is more correct to say that a split which had been brewing for decades was formalized in 1906, when the U.S. [[Census Bureau]] listed the groups separately for the first time in its religious census. One of the issues that lead to the split was congregationalism. In 1836 Campbell and Stone noticed a growing "furious zeal for orthodoxy." This manifested itself in two ways: pleas for unity by the group that would become the Disciples of Christ and pleas for congregational autonomy by the group that would become the Churches of Christ. In the majority of [[U.S. Northern States|Northern]] churches, the call for unity prevailed; in the majority of the [[U.S. Southern states|Southern]] churches, the calls for congregational purity prevailed. In the American South, churches of the Restoration tradition tend to identify themselves with the name Church of Christ and argue that it was their faction that remained true to the original principles of the Restoration Movement, not vice versa.
{{Wikisourcepar|Last Will and Testament of The Springfield Presbytery}}
On [[October 23]], [[1849]], a group of individuals <!--acting without the consent of the other churches of Christ,--> met in [[Cincinnati, Ohio]] with the intention of creating a "general church organization for the furtherance of the work by the church collectively." This action caused immediate disagreements among the churches, because such organizations had previously been abolished. Barton W. Stone himself had in fact taken part in the abolition of the [[Springfield Presbytery]], and authored at that time a very influential document, ''[[Last Will and Testament of The Springfield Presbytery|The Last Will and Testament of the Springfield Presbytery]]'', which contained within it the idea that the existence of all such bodies was necessarily divisive and hence sinful. <!-- "L. L. Pendleton" is a common error found on various web pages. Douglas Foster's book, The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement, identifies the person in the paragraph that follows as "L. L. Pinkerton" (page 410), as do various web pages. I've changed Pendleton to Pinkerton. --><!-- The previous authors have the instrument in question as a piano; however, Walter Wilson Jennings in Origin and Early History of the Disciples of Christ (pg. 312) identifies the instrument as a melodeon – a keyboard instrument which was related to the pump organ and is more portable than either an organ or a piano. James M. Owston -->
About a decade later, L. L. Pinkerton, who was a member of the [[Midway, Kentucky]] church brought a [[melodeon]] into the church building. One of the elders of that assembly removed the melodeon that evening but it was soon replaced by another. Until that time all singing in the churches had been [[a cappella]]. Generally speaking, the bulk of the [[urban area|urban]] congregations, particularly in the Northern states, were not totally averse to this development, which was also gaining momentum in the other religious groups around them, while [[rural]] congregations, particularly in the [[Southern United States]], tended to oppose this trend.
Approximately forty years later, the U.S. Census Bureau, in consultation with the leaders of the two groups, decided to list the members of these two movements separately. There were many factors involved in the split. Other issues revolving around [[baptism]], plus the missionary society and instrumental music issues noted above, also contributed to the split. In most Churches of Christ, it is maintained that the prime issue was that of instrumental music in services of worship.
After the split the Churches of Christ generally became more congregational, while the Disciples of Christ became more denominational. The Churches of Christ remained more literal in biblical interpretation, while the Disciples of Christ became closer to "[[Mainline (Protestant)|mainline]]" Protestant groups. In fact, Disciples of Christ have been very cooperative with other Protestant denominations, dismissing the exclusive quality what was once a part of the entire movement. Churches of Christ have maintained a more exclusive stance, although the lack of a "clearinghouse" for determining acceptable doctrine has led to myriad manifestations that the movement may credit as heresy.
By 1926 a split began to form within the Disciples over the future direction of the church. Conservatives within the group began to have problems with the perceived liberalism of the leadership, upon the same grounds described earlier in the accepting of instrumental music in worship. In 1927 they held the first [[North American Christian Convention]], and the [[Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ]] began to emerge as a distinct group from the Disciples, although the break was not totally formalized until the late 1960s. By this time the decennial religious census was a thing of the past and it is impossible to use it as a delineation as it was in 1906.
The Disciples of Christ today are still not totally devoid of the conservative-liberal tension. A related movement known as the Disciple Heritage Fellowship<http://www.disciple-heritage.org> (originally "Disciples Renewal"), has been particularly critical of perceived liberalism in the denomination and purports to call the church back to its Restorationist roots. It is closely related to the [[Confessing Movement]] found in several other mainline denominations.
==Church of Christ schisms and fellowship efforts==
After the distinction between the [[Churches of Christ|Church of Christ]] and the [[Disciples of Christ]] movements, other issues would later distinguish various Churches of Christ from one another.
Since the members of the Churches of Christ agreed that there was no scriptural basis for a hierarchal government or a [[synod]] for congregations, the churches were all independent and [[Wiktionary:Autonomy|autonomous]]. All disagreements in doctrine were handled locally, although open discussion was encouraged on a national or international basis. Many issues were discussed by the publishers of religious [[periodicals]], who used their periodicals to present their own views and to debate the views of others. Between 1920 and 1960, various doctrinal issues were promoted that divided fellowship between some congregations in various locales. Some critics charged, and many within Churches of Christ voiced concerns, that the Churches of Christ had in some ways become a series of denominations within the body. This situation still exists to some extent today in some circles while many in Churches of Christ also extend fellowship to others regardless of a person's or a congregation's stand on various issues.
===Largest subgroups===
The most notable subgroups outside the mainstream Churches of Christ are:
*The "One Cup" churches, made up of those who consider the use of only one cup during the [[Lord's Supper]] to be acceptable. Most commonly in Churches of Christ, multiple cups are used.
*The non-Sunday school churches, made up of those who believe that [[Sunday School]] is wrong, since it is mentioned nowhere in the Bible and unheard of prior to the 18th century (this view is also held by many [[primitive Baptist]] churches).
::There is a considerable overlap between the first two groups listed. Almost all of the "one-cup" belief churches reject Sunday School, while around half of the non-class churches take the "one-cup" position. Almost all of congregations of one of these persuasions also reject institutions, though they have little association with churches classified in the third group (see below). These groups largely divided from the mainstream churches in the early twentieth century. Non-class churches in the United States number around 1100 (8% of Churches of Christ, or around 2% of membership), while about half these are also one-cup groups.
::Some of the churches in those groups (and others to a much lesser extent) have been at odds over whether to hire a full-time "minister" for a congregation. They asked whether this was in fact an acceptance and endorsement of the extra-Biblical concept of [[clergy]]. Many of them believe that preaching is properly done by male members of the church, perhaps occasionally reinforced by a travelling evangelist engaged only for a specific event or series of events. There has also been discussion in some churches about whether anyone now living truly meets what are seen as the [[New Testament]] requirements for the office of [[Elder (religious)|elder]].
* The [[The churches of Christ (non-institutional)|"Non-institutional"]] churches (sometimes pejoratively referred to as "anti" churches within institutional Churches of Christ) objected to various forms of centralization, including church-sponsored institutions such as orphanages and fund-pooling plans called "sponsoring churches." Adherents of this view contend that the Bible does not authorize such practices and thus prohibits the use of a congregation's money for collective ministry ventures. There are about 2,000 of these congregations (around 15% of churches and 9% of membership of the Churches of Christ).
*Premillennialist churches - While [[Premillennialism]] is mainstream doctrine in many [[Protestant]] denominations, it has never been so in Churches of Christ, but has had enough adherents that they were a visible subgroup. Division over this issue began in 1915 when [[Robert Henry Boll]] was front-page editor of the ''[[Gospel Advocate]]'', but the division subsided somewhat until flaring again mostly in the 1930s after the [[Foy E. Wallace|''Neal-Wallace Discussion on the Thousand-Years Reign'']], a debate in [[Winchester, Kentucky]]. Churches espousing the premillennial position numbered around 80 when in 1989 Mac Lynn published the first edition ''Churches of Christ in the United States''. Nonetheless, the tension in the fissure has lessened considerably, and the second edition of Lynn's list, published in 2000, deliberately counted the premillennialist congregations as part of the mainline—a practice which Lynn continued in the 2006 edition (ISBN 0890983224).
===Other issues===
At one time, [[pacifism]] was an issue of serious concern. Prominent Church of Christ leaders before [[World War II]] such as [[David Lipscomb]], J.W. McGarvey, Moses E. Lard, Robert Milligan, and [[Tolbert Fanning]] held pacifist positions. Post-World War II, the pacifist faction has largely died out as a recognizable subgroup.
Another schism was the ''Crossroads Movement'' which started in the 1960s and 1970s (also called the "Boston Movement" or "Discipling Movement"). The Crossroads Movement was an evangelistic effort (originated by [[International Churches of Christ#Crossroads Church of Christ|Chuck Lucas]]) that started in Gainseville, Florida as a campus outreach to the University of Florida. It later spread into some other Churches of Christ. The Crossroads Church of Christ used informal Bible Studies, called "Soul Talks" to evangelize entire campuses. They also believed in the use of "Prayer Partners" which paired believers together to work on spiritual issues. The Soul Talk Leaders held weekly meetings to discuss the spiritual development of the brothers and sisters in their small groups. The Crossroads Movement started at the 14th Street Church of Christ in [[Gainesville, Florida]], which became known as "Crossroads Church of Christ", an incubator for the future [[International Churches of Christ]]. In the early 1980s, the focus of the movement moved to Boston, Massachusetts where [[Kip McKean]] and the Boston Church of Christ became prominently associated with the trend. It was there that the International Churches of Christ became a distinct denomination, officially dissociated from Churches of Christ and the Restoration Movement. This new designation in actuality made a distinction that was already in existence between those involved with the Crossroads/Boston Movement and Churches of Christ. Much of the outside literature during this period refers to it as the "Boston Movement" or occasionally the "Discipling Movement," after the practice of assigning each new church member a mentor who was to "disciple" the newer member through prayer and advice about a wide range of day-to-day decisions. This movement appears to be directly related to the [[Shepherding Movement]] that was gaining influence in the wider Evangelical world at the time.
== Christian Churches and Churches of Christ Reunion Efforts ==
These two traditions within the Restoration Movement are practically identical in doctrine, church structure, and worship, with the exception of instruments being used in Christian Churches. Therefore, there is a significant amount of interaction that occurs between several of these members and congregations in various places. Also, special efforts were made on the national scene in 2006 to create more intentional fellowship between Christians from both branches. This was in conjunction with the one hundredth anniversary of the "official" designation of these being two religious groups by the U.S. Census in 1906. One evidence of the renewed affinity between the two groups was the hosting, by [[Abilene Christian University]] (also founded in 1906), of the annual Restoration Forum, as part of ACU's annual Bible Lectureship.[http://www.acu.edu/news/2006/060216_Lectureship.html] During the program Don Jeanes, president of [[Milligan College]] and Royce Money, president of ACU, jointly gave a presentation on the first chapter of the [[Gospel of John]].
Additionally, the compilation and publication of ''[[Douglas A. Foster|The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement]]'' (see [[Douglas A. Foster|Foster]], Blowers, Dunavant, & Williams in "References") evidence that scholars in the three wings still work together on common projects. Collaboration on the ''Encyclopedia'' also included representatives of the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)]].
Inevitably such gestures have their supporters and detractors within each of the three wings of the movement.
==The Restoration Movement internationally==
Restoration Movement churches are found around the world and the [[World Convention of Churches of Christ]] provides a link for them.
Their genealogies are representative of developments in North America. Their theological orientation ranges from fundamentalist to liberal to ecumenical. In some places they have joined with churches of other traditions to form united churches at local, regional or national level.
These trends can be seen with the [[Churches of Christ in Australia]].
==See also==
*[[Restorationism]]
*[[Second Great Awakening]]
===External links===
*[http://www.newrestorationmovement.org New Restoration Movement Information]
*[http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/ Restoration Movement Pages, Memorial University of Newfoundland]
*[http://www.Traces-of-the-Kingdom.org.uk British web site of early churches of Christ] - web site detailing historical churches of Christ in Europe before the American Restoration Movement
*[http://www.churchesofchrist.org.au Churches of Christ in Australia]
*The Christian - Churches of Christ - Disciples of Christ family of Churches [http://www.worldconvention.org/ XVIIth World Convention of Churches of Christ] in [[Nashville]], [[Tennessee]], July-August 2008.
* [http://www.thecra.org/ The Christian Restoration Association]
* [http://www.christianstandard.com/ ''The Christian Standard''] ([[periodical]]).
* [http://www.crosslink.org/ Independent Christian Churches/Churches of Christ Locator]
* [http://www.lookoutmag.com/ ''The LookOut''] ([[periodical]]).
* [http://www.nacctheconnectingplace.org/ North American Christian Convention]
* [http://www.bible.acu.edu/stone-campbell/WWW/rmwww.html Restoration Movement Colleges, Universities, and Seminaries]
* [http://www.gospelherald.org/Magazine.htm/ ''The Gospel Herald'' Periodical sharing perspectives of the Churches of Christ in Canada]
* [http://www.minister4him.org/ Ministry Employment Network]
* [http://www.restorationmovement.org/ ''Restoration Movement Internet Portal''].
*[http://www.restorationunity.com/ RestorationUnity.com] Representing greater unity among restoration churches
*[http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-people-with-restoration-movement-ties List of People with Restoration Movement Ties]
A different view of the history of this movement (from a "non-institutional" viewpoint) may be discovered by studying the publications of Truth Magazine Publications and Florida College publications. External links for these two publishing sources are:
*[http://www.fcbooks.com/ ''Florida College Bookstore'']
*[http://www.truthmagazine.com/store/category.php?category=Church+History ''Truth Magazine Bookstore'']
===History and Sources===
*[http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/index.html Historical Texts, Images, and Interpretations of the Restoration Movement: Disciples of Christ, Christian Churches, Churches of Christ]
=== Notes ===
<references/>
===References===
* North, James B. (1994). ''Union in Truth: An Interpretive History of the Restoration Movement.'' Cincinnati, Ohio: The Standard Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7847-0197-0.
* Flavil R. Yeakley, ed., ''The Discipling Dilemma: A Study of the Discipling Movement Among Churches of Christ'' (Nashville: Gospel Advocate Co., 1988).
* C. Leonard Allen and Richard T. Hughes, ''Discovering Our Roots: The Ancestry of Churches of Christ'' (Abilene, TX: ACU Press, 1988)
* Martin Edward Wooten, "The Boston Movement as a 'Revitalization Movement'" (D.Min. thesis, Harding Graduate School of Religion, 1990)
* Jerry Jones, ''What Does the Boston Movement Teach?'' vols. 1-3 (Bridgeton, MO: Jerry Jones, 12880 Bittick, 1991-93)
* United States Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census, Religious Bodies, 1906 (United States Printing Office, 1910), 236
*West, Earl Irvin (2002). The Search for the Ancient Order Vol. 1. Gospel Light Publishing Company. ISBN 0-89225-154-9
*[[Douglas A. Foster]] (Editor), Paul M. Blowers (Editor), Anthony L. Dunnavant (Editor), D. Newell Williams (Editor). ''The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, Michigan. ISBN 0-8028-3898-7
*[[Douglas A. Foster]], Jack Reese, Jeff W. Childers, ''The Crux of the Matter: Crisis, Tradition, and the Future of Churches of Christ''. ACU Press. ISBN 0-89112-035-1
<!-- Contributors Note... This is VERY incomplete, but a start. Unless someone gets to it sooner, I'll refine it substantially soon. -->
[[Category:Restoration Movement|*]]
[[bg:Възстановително движение]]
[[de:Restoration Movement]]
[[hu:Restaurációs mozgalom]]
[[sv:Stone-Campbells reformationsrörelse]]
[[zh:恢復運動]]