Retinopathy 56531 222855814 2008-07-01T13:11:28Z SmackBot 433328 Date the maintenance tags or general fixes {{DiseaseDisorder infobox | Name = Retinopathy | ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|35||h|30}}-{{ICD10|H|35|2|h|30}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|362.0}}-{{ICD9|362.2}} | }} '''Retinopathy''' is a general term that refers to some form of non-inflammatory damage to the [[retina]] of the [[eye]]. Most commonly it is a problem with the blood supply that is the cause for this condition. Frequently, retinopathy is an [[ocular manifestation of systemic disease]]. ==Pathophysiology== Main causes of retinopathy are : {{Fact|date=June 2008}} * [[diabetes]] - [[diabetic retinopathy]] * [[arterial hypertension]] - [[hypertensive retinopathy]] * prematurity of the newborn - [[retinopathy of prematurity]] (ROP) * [[sickle cell anemia]] * genetic retinopathy * direct sunlight exposure - [[solar retinopathy]] * medicinal products - drug-related retinopathy * retinal vein or artery occlusion Many types of retinopathy are progressive and may result in [[blindness]] or severe [[vision loss]] or [[vision impairment|impairment]], particularly if the [[macula]] becomes affected.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} Retinopathy is diagnosed by an [[optometry|optometrist]] or an [[ophthalmology|ophthalmologist]] during [[ophthalmoscopy]]. Treatment depends on the cause of the disease. === Relation of genetic retinopathies to other rare genetic disorders === Recent findings in genetic research have suggested that a large number of [[genetic disorder]]s, both [[Syndrome|genetic syndromes]] and [[Disease|genetic diseases]], that were not previously identified in the medical literature as related, may be, in fact, highly related in the [[genotype|genetypical]] root cause of the widely-varying, [[phenotype|phenotypically]]-observed [[Disorder (medicine)|disorders]]. Thus, some genetically-caused retinopathies are the result of one or more underlying [[ciliopathy|ciliopathies]], an emerging new class of human genetic disorders. Other known ciliopathies include [[primary ciliary dyskinesia]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[polycystic kidney disease|polycystic kidney]] and [[polycystic liver disease|liver disease]], [[nephronophthisis]], [[Alstrom syndrome]], and [[Meckel-Gruber syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Badano | first = Jose L. | authorlink = | coauthors = Norimasa Mitsuma, Phil L. Beales, Nicholas Katsanis | title = The Ciliopathies : An Emerging Class of Human Genetic Disorders | journal = Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = 125-148 | publisher = | location = | date = September 2006 | url = http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610 | id = | accessdate = 2008-06-15}}</ref>. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==See also== *[[List of eye diseases and disorders]] *[[List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations]] ==External links == * [http://www.eyetalk.co.uk Eyetalk - Forum for Retinal Screeners] * [http://www.hhmi.org/bulletin/sept2005/features/cilia.html The Importance of Being Cilia] Accessible article at [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] on the importance and extensive use of [[cilia]] and [[basal body|basal bodies]] in many organ systems of human physiology, including for transfer of retinal nutrients. {{Eye pathology}} [[Category:Ophthalmology]] [[de:Retinopathie]] [[es:Retinopatía]] [[nl:Retinopathie]] [[pl:Retinopatia]] [[pt:Retinopatia]] [[ru:Ретинопатия]]