Retinopathy
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2008-07-01T13:11:28Z
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{{DiseaseDisorder infobox |
Name = Retinopathy |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|H|35||h|30}}-{{ICD10|H|35|2|h|30}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|362.0}}-{{ICD9|362.2}} |
}}
'''Retinopathy''' is a general term that refers to some form of non-inflammatory damage to the [[retina]] of the [[eye]]. Most commonly it is a problem with the blood supply that is the cause for this condition.
Frequently, retinopathy is an [[ocular manifestation of systemic disease]].
==Pathophysiology==
Main causes of retinopathy are : {{Fact|date=June 2008}}
* [[diabetes]] - [[diabetic retinopathy]]
* [[arterial hypertension]] - [[hypertensive retinopathy]]
* prematurity of the newborn - [[retinopathy of prematurity]] (ROP)
* [[sickle cell anemia]]
* genetic retinopathy
* direct sunlight exposure - [[solar retinopathy]]
* medicinal products - drug-related retinopathy
* retinal vein or artery occlusion
Many types of retinopathy are progressive and may result in [[blindness]] or severe [[vision loss]] or [[vision impairment|impairment]], particularly if the [[macula]] becomes affected.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}
Retinopathy is diagnosed by an [[optometry|optometrist]] or an [[ophthalmology|ophthalmologist]] during [[ophthalmoscopy]]. Treatment depends on the cause of the disease.
=== Relation of genetic retinopathies to other rare genetic disorders ===
Recent findings in genetic research have suggested that a large number of [[genetic disorder]]s, both [[Syndrome|genetic syndromes]] and [[Disease|genetic diseases]], that were not previously identified in the medical literature as related, may be, in fact, highly related in the [[genotype|genetypical]] root cause of the widely-varying, [[phenotype|phenotypically]]-observed [[Disorder (medicine)|disorders]]. Thus, some genetically-caused retinopathies are the result of one or more underlying [[ciliopathy|ciliopathies]], an emerging new class of human genetic disorders. Other known ciliopathies include [[primary ciliary dyskinesia]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[polycystic kidney disease|polycystic kidney]] and [[polycystic liver disease|liver disease]], [[nephronophthisis]], [[Alstrom syndrome]], and [[Meckel-Gruber syndrome]].<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Badano
| first = Jose L.
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Norimasa Mitsuma, Phil L. Beales, Nicholas Katsanis
| title = The Ciliopathies : An Emerging Class of Human Genetic Disorders
| journal = Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics
| volume = 7
| issue =
| pages = 125-148
| publisher =
| location =
| date = September 2006
| url = http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610
| doi = 10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610
| id =
| accessdate = 2008-06-15}}</ref>.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==See also==
*[[List of eye diseases and disorders]]
*[[List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations]]
==External links ==
* [http://www.eyetalk.co.uk Eyetalk - Forum for Retinal Screeners]
* [http://www.hhmi.org/bulletin/sept2005/features/cilia.html The Importance of Being Cilia] Accessible article at [[Howard Hughes Medical Institute]] on the importance and extensive use of [[cilia]] and [[basal body|basal bodies]] in many organ systems of human physiology, including for transfer of retinal nutrients.
{{Eye pathology}}
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
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