Rochester, New York
126641
226040376
2008-07-16T15:44:52Z
209.164.158.5
{{Cleanup|date=January 2008}}
{{Otheruses4|the city of Rochester in [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe County]]|the town in [[Ulster County, New York|Ulster County]]|Rochester, Ulster County, New York}}
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Rochester, New York
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname = '' "The Flour City", "The Flower City", "The World's Image Centre"
|motto = Rochester: Made for Living
|image_skyline = Rochester_DT_082.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = A portion of Rochester's skyline, looking north-northeast along the Genesee River from the Ford Street Bridge.
|image_flag = cityflag.jpg
|image_seal = Rochester NY city seal.png
|image_map = Map_of_New_York_highlighting_Rochester.png
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location of Rochester in New York State
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[New York]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe]]
|government_footnotes = <ref name=Mayor>{{cite web
|url=http://www.cityofrochester.gov/index.cfm?id=727
|title=Mayor Robert Duffy
|publisher=City of Rochester, N.Y.
|accessdate=2007-08-01}}</ref>
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[List of mayors of Rochester, New York|Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Robert Duffy]] ([[United States Democratic Party|D]])
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude = 1 E9
|area_total_sq_mi = 37.1
|area_land_sq_mi = 35.8
|area_water_sq_mi = 1.3
|area_water_percent =
|area_total_km2 = 96.1
|area_land_km2 = 92.8
|area_water_km2 = 3.3
|elevation_m = 154
|elevation_ft = 505
|latd = 43 |latm = 9 |lats = 56 |latNS = N
|longd = 77 |longm = 36 |longs = 41 |longEW = W
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_note =
|population_total = 208123 [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=16000US3663000&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=rochester&_cityTown=rochester&_state=04000US36&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null®=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry=]
|population_metro = 1098201 [http://www.city-data.com/us-cities/The-Northeast/Rochester-Population-Profile.html]
|population_density_km2 = 2368.3
|population_density_sq_mi = 6132.9
|timezone = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|postal_code = 146xx (14604=downtown)
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|area_code = [[Area code 585|585]]
|area_code_type =
|latitude = 43°9'56" N
|longitude = 77°36'41" W
|website = [http://www.cityofrochester.gov www.cityofrochester.gov]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 36-63000
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 0962684
|footnotes = |
}}
'''Rochester''' is a city in [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe County]], [[New York State]], south of Lake Ontario in the [[United States]]. The Rochester metropolitan area is the second largest economy in New York State, behind the New York City metropolitan area.<ref>[http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080302/BUSINESS/803020356 Our manufacturing roots sprout jobs | democratandchronicle.com | Democrat and Chronicle<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Known as ''The World's Image Centre'',<ref>[http://www.visitrochester.com/static/index.cfm?contentID=38 Greater Rochester Visitors Association<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> it was also once known as ''[[History of Rochester, New York#Rochesterville and The Flour City|The Flour City]]'', and more recently as ''[[History of Rochester, New York#The Flower City|The Flower City]]''. It is the county seat for Monroe County.
Rochester's population is approximately 208,000 making it New York's third largest city. It is at the center of a larger [[Rochester, New York metropolitan area|Metropolitan Area]] which encompasses and extends past [[Monroe County, New York|Monroe County]] and includes [[Genesee County, New York|Genesee County]], [[Livingston County, New York|Livingston County]], [[Ontario County, New York|Ontario County]], [[Orleans County, New York|Orleans County]] and [[Wayne County, New York|Wayne County]]. This area, which is part of the [[Western New York]] region, had a population of 1,037,831 people in the [[United States 2000 Census|2000 Census]]. As of [[July 1]], [[2005]], this population rose slightly to 1,039,028.
Rochester was ranked #6 among 379 U.S. Metro areas in the 25th edition of the ''[[Places Rated Almanac]]'' for Most Livable Cities.<ref>{{cite book
|url=http://placesrated.com/
|title=Places Rated Almanac
|author=David Savageau
|publisher=Places Rated Books LLC
|edition=25th Anniversary Edition
|year=2007
|pages=Page unknown{{Fact|date=August 2007}}
|isbn= 0979319900}}</ref> In 2007, Rochester was ranked as the top city in the country by ''[[Expansion Management Magazine]]'' for quality of life. ''Expansion Management'' rated the region's public schools sixth best nationwide among metropolitan areas of a million people or more.<ref>[http://www.expansionmanagement.com/smo/DocReserve/DocReserve_Content/1a-Large%20Metros.pdf Best Metrowide Public Schools], Expansion Management</ref>
The current Mayor of Rochester is [[Robert Duffy]], who was the city's Police Chief before being elected mayor.
==Founding and early history==
{{main|History of Rochester, New York}}
[[Image:Oldrochester.jpg|thumb|right|An aerial view of downtown Rochester from 1938]]
On [[November 8]], [[1803]], a 100 acre (ca. 40 [[hectare|ha]]) tract in Western New York along the [[Genesee River]] was purchased by Colonel [[Nathaniel Rochester]], Major [[Charles Carroll]], and Colonel [[William Fitzhugh]], all of [[Hagerstown, Maryland]]. The site was chosen because of three [[Waterfall#Types of waterfalls|cataracts]] on the Genesee, offering great potential for water power. Beginning in 1811, and with a population of 15, the three founders surveyed the land and laid out streets and tracts. In 1817, the Brown brothers and other landowners joined their lands with the Hundred Acre Tract to form the village of Rochesterville.
[[Image:Rochester NY Broad Street Bridge 2002.jpeg|thumb|left|Aqueduct of the [[Erie Canal]] as it was built in 1842, replacing the original construction from 1823. In the 1920s, the Broad Street Bridge was erected on top of it.]]
By 1821, Rochesterville was the seat of Monroe County. In 1823, Rochesterville consisted of {{convert|1012|acre|km2|0}} and 2,500 residents, and the Village of Rochesterville became known as Rochester. Also in 1823, the [[Erie Canal]] aqueduct over the [[Genesee River]] was completed, and the Erie Canal east to the [[Hudson River]] was opened. Later, after the advent of [[railroad]]s, the presence of the canal in the center city became bothersome, and it was re-routed south of Rochester. By 1830, Rochester's population was 9,200 and in 1834, it was re-chartered as a city.
Rochester was first known as "The Young Lion of the West", and then as the "Flour City". By 1838, Rochester was the largest flour-producing city in the United States. Having doubled its population in only ten years, Rochester became America's first "[[boomtown]]."
In 1847, [[Frederick Douglass]] founded the [[Abolitionism|abolitonist]] newspaper [[North Star (newspaper)|The ''North Star'']] in Rochester. Douglass, a former slave and an antislavery speaker and writer, gained a circulation of over 4,000 readers in the United States, Europe and the Caribbean. The ''North Star'' served as a forum for abolitionist views.
In the early 20th century, Rochester became a center of the garment industry, particularly men's fashions. It was home of enterprises such as Fashion Park and [[Hickey-Freeman]]. It was home to the pioneer [[automobile]] company [[Cunningham (car company)|Cunningham]], produced by [[carriage]] maker James Cunningham and Sons.<ref> Like many early companies, its production was small, about 400 a year including [[hearse]]s, designed by [[Volney Lacey]]. Georgano, G. N. ''Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930''. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985)</ref>
The population reached 62,386 in 1870, 162,608 in 1900, and 295,750 in 1920. By 1950, population had reached a high of 332,488. It declined to 219,773 by 2000.
==Geography and climate==
[[Image:HighfallsSum.jpg|right|thumb|High Falls during the summer]]
Rochester is at {{coor dms|43|9|56|N|77|36|41|W|}} (43.165496, -77.611504).{{GR|1}} The city is east of [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], west of [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]] and sits on the southern shore of [[Lake Ontario]]. The [[Genesee River]] bisects the city.
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{mi2 to km2|37.1|precision=1}}, of which, {{mi2 to km2|35.8|precision=1}} of it is land and {{mi2 to km2|1.3|precision=1}} of it (3.42%) is water.
Rochester's geography comes from the [[ice sheet]]s during the [[Pleistocene]] epoch. The retreating ice sheets reached a standstill at what is now the southern border of the city, melting at the same rate as they were advancing, depositing sediment along the southern edge of the ice mass. This created a line of hills, including (from west to east) Mt. Hope, the hills of Highland Park, Pinnacle Hill, and Cobb's Hill. Because the sediment of these hills was deposited into a proglacial lake they are stratified and classified as a "kame delta." A brief retreat and readvance of the ice sheet onto the delta piled unstratified (moraine) material there, creating a rare hybrid structure called a "kame moraine."
The ice sheets also left behind [[Lake Ontario]] (one of the five fresh-water [[Great Lakes]]), the [[Genesee River: Glacial Geology|Genesee River]] with its [[waterfall]]s and [[gorge]]s, [[Irondequoit Bay]], [[Sodus Bay]], [[Braddock's Bay]], [[Mendon Ponds Park|Mendon Ponds]], numerous local streams and ponds, the Ridge, and the nearby [[Finger Lakes]].
According to the City of Rochester, the city has {{convert|537|mi|km}} of public streets, {{convert|585|mi|km}} of water mains, 44 vehicular and eight pedestrian bridges, 11 public libraries, two police stations (one for the east side, one for the west), and 16 fire stations. The principal source of water is [[Hemlock Lake]], which, with its watershed, is owned by the city. Other water sources are [[Canadice Lake]] and [[Lake Ontario]]. The 30-year annual average snowfall is {{in to cm|95.0}}, making Rochester the snowiest large city in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nsidc.org/snow/facts.html|title= National Weather Service records for 1961 through 1990}}</ref> The mean July temperature is {{F to C|71.3}}, and the mean February temperature is {{F to C|23.6}}.
Rochester lies in the [[Humid continental climate]] zone, and has four distinct seasons, with often cold and snowy winters. Autumn features brilliant foliage colors, and summer sees comfortable temperatures that usually stay in the low to mid 80s (upper 20s Celsius). Precipitation is plentiful year round.
{{Average and record temperatures |
74 | 73 | 84 | 93 | 94 | 100 | 98 | 99 | 99 | 91 | 81 | 72 |
31.2 | 33.2 | 42.7 | 55.2 | 67.9 | 76.6 | 81.4 | 79.1 | 71.1 | 59.7 | 47.2 | 36.1 |
16.6 | 17.3 | 25.2 | 35.3 | 46.1 | 55 | 60 | 58.7 | 51.3 | 41.1 | 32.6 | 22.7 |
-17 | -19 | -7 | 13 | 26 | 35 | 42 | 36 | 28 | 20 | 5 | -16 |
2.34 | 2.04 | 2.58 | 2.75 | 2.82 | 3.36 | 2.93 | 3.54 | 3.45 | 2.6 | 2.84 | 2.73 |
source = USTravelWeather.com [http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-new-york/rochester-weather.asp]
}}
==Demographics==
In the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 219,773 people, 88,999 households, and 47,169 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 6,132.9 people per square mile (2,368.3/km²). There were 99,789 housing units at an average density of 2,784.7/sq mi (1,075.3/km²). The racial makeup was 48.30% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 38.55% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.47% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.25% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 6.58% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.81% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 12.75% of the population. Ancestries include: [[German American|German]] (10.9%), [[Italian American|Italian]] (10.0%), [[Irish American|Irish]] (9.6%), [[English American|English]] (5.8%), and [[Polish American|Polish]] (2.7%). [http://www.city-data.com/city/Rochester-New-York.html]
Rochester has the largest per capita deaf population in the United States.<ref>{{cite news | first= | last= | coauthors= | title=Making History: A Black Man's Hands Speak Eloquently | date=[[2003-05-24]] | publisher= | url =http://www.ntid.rit.edu/media/full_text.php?article_id=277 | work =The New York Times | pages = | accessdate = 2008-01-03 | language = }}</ref> Rochester is home to internationally recognized programs for the deaf at the [[National Technical Institute for the Deaf]] (part of the [[Rochester Institute of Technology]]) and at the [[University of Rochester]].
There were 88,999 households of which 30.0% had children under 18 living with them, 25.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 23.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.0% were non-families. 37.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.19.
The city population was 28.1% under 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 32.2% from 25 to 44, 18.1% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 or older. The median age was 31. For every 100 females there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.
The median income for a city household was $27,123, and the median family income was $31,257. Males had a median income of $30,521, versus $25,139 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,588. About 23.4% of families and 25.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 37.5% of those under age 18 and 15.4% of those age 65 or over.
{| class="wikitable" summary="Population of Rochester throughout History, from 1840 to 2004" class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%;table-cell-padding:0;"
|-
! colspan="18" | Rochester Population<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027.html |title=Population of the 100 largest cities and other urban places in the United States 1790 to 1990 |author=Campbell Gibson |publisher=Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census |month=June |year=1998 |accessdate=2007-08-01}}</ref>
|-
| 1840 || 1850 || 1860 || 1870 || 1880 || 1890 || 1900 || 1910 || 1920 || 1930 || 1940 || 1950 || 1960 || 1970 || 1980 || 1990 || 2000 || 2004
|-
| 20,191 || 36,403 || 48,204 || 62,386 || 89,366 || 133,896 || 162,608 || 218,149 || 295,750 || 328,132 || 324,975 || 332,488 || 318,611 || 296,233 || 241,741 || 231,636 || 219,773 || 212,481
|-
|}
==Economy==
The Rochester area is home to a number of international businesses, including [[Fortune 1000]] companies [[Eastman Kodak]], [[Constellation Brands]], and [[Paychex]], as well as several national and regional companies. [[Xerox|Xerox Corporation]] was founded in Rochester in [[1906]] as The Haloid Company<ref>[http://www.xerox.com/go/xrx/template/019d.jsp?view=Factbook&id=XAG&Xcntry=USA&Xlang=en_US Xerox Corporation Fact Book: Company facts, history, information]</ref>, and retains a significant presence in Rochester, although its headquarters are now located in [[Norwalk, Connecticut]]. The [[Gannett]] newspaper company and [[Western Union]] were both founded in the Rochester area by [[Frank Gannett]] and [[Hiram Sibley]] respectively.
Because of the high prevalence of imaging and optical science among the industry and the universities, Rochester is known as the world capital of imaging. [[The Institute of Optics]] of the [[University of Rochester]] is ranked number one in the country{{Fact|date=February 2008}}, and the [[Rochester Institute of Technology]] has one of the best imaging science departments in the country{{Fact|date=February 2008}}. In 2006, the University of Rochester became the largest employer in the Rochester area, surpassing Kodak.<ref>[http://www.rochester.edu/aboutus/connections/development.html Economic Development], University of Rochester "Connections" website</ref>
===Food and beverage===
[[Image:Nick Tahou's Garbage Plate.JPG|thumb|A [[white hot]] [[garbage plate]].]]
One food product that Rochester calls its own is the "[[white hot]]," a variant of the [[hot dog]] made by the local [[Zweigle's]] company. Another local specialty is the "garbage plate," first served at [[Nick Tahou Hots]]. Rochester was home to [[French's]] Mustard, whose address was 1 Mustard Street.
Rochester is also home to [[Wet Planet Beverages]], producer of [[Jolt Cola]] and other beverages. [[High Falls Brewing Company]], maker of the Genesee beers and JW Dundee's brand (Honey Brown) also calls Rochester home. [[Arbor Mist]] wines are produced in nearby [[Canandaigua (city), New York|Canandaigua, NY]] by owner [[Constellation Brands]].
National frozen food manufacturer [[Birds Eye]] is headquartered in suburban Rochester. [[Heluva Good]] Cheeses and [[Seneca Foods]] are in nearby Wayne County. The [[Ragú]] brand of pasta sauce was originally produced in Rochester, and the Francesco Rinaldi pasta sauce is manufactured in Rochester. [[Barilla]] has a food manufacturing plant in nearby Livingston County, in the Village of Avon.
Other local franchises include: [[Bill Gray's]] (a hamburger/hot dog joint that lays claim to having "The World's Greatest Cheeseburger"), Country Sweet (known for their chicken wings and BBQ sauce), [[Boss Sauce]], described as a "tantalizing sweet, spicy-hot gourmet after-sauce," was born from the restaurant Eddie's Chicken Coop, [[Tom Wahl's]], [[Dibella's]], Great Northern Pizza Kitchen, Zebb's, Don's Original, and [[Abbott's Frozen Custard]]. [[Dinosaur Bar-b-que]], which originated in [[Syracuse]], also operates their second franchise downtown in the former [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]] station on the [[Genesee River]].
The Rochester area is the birthplace of the [[Wegmans]] Grocery store chain, which has locations throughout the Northeast and Northern Virginia. In 2005, Wegmans was ranked the best company in America to work for by ''[[Fortune Magazine]]''; it has been ranked the best grocery store in America by [[Consumer Reports]] and [[Food Network]].
===Major shopping centers===
*[[Eastview Mall]] ([[Victor, New York]])
*[[The Mall at Greece Ridge Center]] ([[Greece (town), New York|Greece, New York]])
*[[Medley Centre]] (formerly known as Irondequoit Mall) ([[Irondequoit, New York]])
*[[Midtown Plaza (Rochester)|Midtown Plaza]]
*[[The Marketplace Mall]] ([[Henrietta, New York]])
*[[Pittsford Plaza]] ([[Pittsford (town), New York|Pittsford, New York]])
*Rochester Public Market
*Village Gate Square
===Tallest Structures===
{{main|List of tallest buildings in Rochester}}
As of February, 2008 the top ten tallest buildings in the city are: <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/ci/bu/?id=101847| author=Emporis| title=Buildings of Rochester, 2008}}</ref>
{|class=wikitable
|-
!rowspan=2|Building name
!colspan=2|Height
|-
!ft
!m
|-
|Xerox Tower
|{{convert|443|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|Bausch & Lomb Place
|{{convert|401|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|Chase Tower
|{{convert|392|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|Kodak Tower
|{{convert|360|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|First Federal Plaza
|{{convert|309|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|One HSBC Plaza
|{{convert|284|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|Hyatt Regency Hotel
|{{convert|271|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|Times Square Building
|{{convert|260|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|Midtown Tower (to be demolished)
|{{convert|251|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|St. Michael's Church
|{{convert|246|ft|disp=table}}
|-
|Paetec Tower (proposed)
|{{convert|200|-|500|ft|disp=table}}
|}
According to the [[April 4]], [[2008]], issue of The Democrat and Chronicle, [[PAETEC Holding Corp.|Paetec Holding Corporation]]'s CEO [[Arunas Chesonis]] stated that the new tower to be built as the company's headquarters will rise slightly taller than the Xerox Tower. There has not been a confirmed height. The tower, according to Chesonis, should feature a public observation at the top and other public areas and condominiums.<ref>[http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080404/NEWS01/804040353/0/NEWS01 PAETEC headquarters to tower over city], Democrat and Chronicle - 4 April 2008</ref>
===Top private employers===
As of 2006, the top private employers in Greater Rochester are:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rochesterbiz.com/Data/Top%2050%20Private-Sector%20Employers,%20excluding%20government,%20As%20of%2011-10-06.pdf| author=Greater Rochester Enterprise | title=Top 50 Private Sector Employers, excluding Government, in Greater Rochester, 2006}}</ref>
*[[University of Rochester|University of Rochester/Strong Health]]—''17,199''
*[[Wegmans Food Markets, Inc.]]—''14,461''
*[[Eastman Kodak]]—''14,100''
*[[Xerox]]—''8,250''
*ViaHealth/Rochester General Hospital—''6,728''
*Unity Health System—''5,002
*[[Excellus Blue Cross Blue Shield]] —''4,086
*[[Rochester Institute of Technology]]—''2,827''
*[[ITT Corporation]]—''2,613''
*[[Tops Markets]]—''2,600''
===Companies===
[[Image:Xerox.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Xerox]] Tower in downtown Rochester]]
[[Image:Wegmans exterior.jpg|thumb|right|[[Wegmans]] Food Markets are headquartered in Rochester]]
Several companies have corporate headquarters in the Greater Rochester area.
*[[Ambrosia Software]] - Software firm
*[[American Specialty Manufacturing Company, Inc.]] - Creator of [[Boss Sauce]]
*[[Bausch & Lomb]] - Contact lens care & Eye health
*[[Bird's Eye]] - Producer of frozen and packaged foods
*[[Carestream Health]] - Health equipment and technology
*[[Choice One Communications]] - Telecommunications
*[[Constellation Brands]] - Alcoholic beverages, importer of [[Corona (beer)]]
*[[Connection Technology Center]] - Electronic part manufacturer
*[[Eastman Kodak Company]] - Photography and Printing
*[[eBaum's World]] - Internet humor website
*[[Frontier Telephone]] - Telecommunications
*[[Gatehouse Media]] - Owner/Publisher of regional periodicals
*[[Gleason Corporation]] - Gear equipment manufacturer
*[[Harris Interactive]] - Online surveys
*[[Hickey-Freeman]] - hand made suits and clothing, including the [[Bobby Jones (golfer)|Bobby Jones]] line
*[[High Falls Brewing Company|High Falls Brewing Co.]] (Genesee Brewing Co.)
*[[Home Properties]] - Apartment and Properties firm
*[[Monro Muffler and Brake]] - Auto care chain
*[[Nalgene]] - Maker of Nalgene brand scientific and consumer products
*[[PAETEC Holding Corp.]] - Telecommunications
*[[Paychex]] - Payroll and human resources
*[[Pictometry]] - Oblique aerial photography
*[[Rochester Midland Corporation]] - Chemical manufacturing
*[[Sentry Safe]] - Security systems
*[[Sutherland Global Services]] - Business Process Outsourcing
*[[Ward's Natural Science]]- Science educational materials
*[[Wegmans]] - Grocery store chain
*[[Wet Planet Beverages]] - Creator of [[Jolt cola]]
Locally founded corporations that have since moved their headquarters to other locations include [[French's]], [[Gannett]], [[Western Union]], [[Champion (sportswear)|Champion]] and [[Xerox]].
Many other large companies have a significant presence in Rochester.
*[[Arch Chemicals]] - Specialty chemicals to control dandruff, mold, and mildew
*[[Barilla Group]] - Pasta production
*[[CooperVision]]- Contact Lens manufacturer
*[[Corning Incorporated]] - Glass and related products
*[[Delphi (auto parts)|Delphi]] - auto parts manufacturer has a research and development department
*[[Eastman Chemical Company]] - Chemical manufacturing and research
*[[Exxon Mobil]] - Research and Development
*[[General Motors]] - hydrogen powered research and development
*[[Global Crossing]] - Telecommunications
*[[Harris Corporation|Harris]] - RF engineers radios and communications equipment
*[[ITT Corporation]] - Space Systems Division headquartered here
*[[Johnson & Johnson]]'s [[Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics]] division - Chemical and Pharmaceutical applications
*[[JPMorgan Chase]] - Large home equity operations center located downtown
*[[M&T Bank]] - largest local banking franchise
*[[Pactiv]] - Producer of packaging materials, such as [[Hefty]]
*[[Toshiba]] - Headquarters of wholly-owned subsidiary, Toshiba Business Solutions - NY
*[[Thomson Reuters]] - An office of their [[Thomson West]] division, a publisher of law books and the [[Westlaw]] online service
*[[Verizon wireless]] - Upstate NY call center
*[[Xerox]] - Manufacturing and Operations
==Government==
Rochester is governed by a mayor and city council consisting of 4 district members and 5 at-large members.
===Neighborhood Empowerment Team===
Enforcement of property code violations in Rochester is currently handled by the Neighborhood Empowerment Team, or NET. Rather than utilizing a centralized code enforcement office as most cities do, each neighborhood in Rochester is assigned its own NET office, leading to considerable discrepancies in the manner and severity of enforcement. On July 16th, 2008, it was announced that two of the NET offices would be closed, and another one relocated, due to the high cost and low value of operating the decentralized network.<ref>[http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/wxxi/news.newsmain?action=article&ARTICLE_ID=1301376§ionID=1 City Begins NET Consolidation], WXXI - 17 June 2008</ref>
==Cityscape==
{{Unreferencedsection|date=February 2008}}
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[image:home photo.jpg|thumb|center|600px|Downtown Rochester from the top of a building]] -->
[[Image:Rochester, New York 1955 Yellow Book.jpg|right|thumb|Map of the city and surrounding geography]]
===Principal suburbs===
Principal suburbs of the city include [[Brighton, Monroe County, New York|Brighton]], [[Chili, New York|Chili]], [[East Rochester, New York|East Rochester]], [[Fairport, New York|Fairport]], [[Gates, New York|Gates]], [[Greece (town), New York|Greece]], [[Henrietta, New York|Henrietta]], [[Irondequoit, New York|Irondequoit]], [[Penfield, New York|Penfield]], [[Pittsford (town), New York|Pittsford]], [[Spencerport, New York|Spencerport]], [[Brockport, New York|Brockport]], [[Victor (town), New York|Victor]], and [[Webster (town), New York|Webster]].
===Neighborhoods===
Rochester has a number of neighborhoods, as well as popular communities in the inner ring suburbs, [[Brighton]], [[Irondequoit]] and [[Greece]]. Dewey, Barnard, Browncroft, Mt. Read, Maplewood, Edgerton, Lyell, Otis, Dutchtown, 19th Ward, Southwest, Corn Hill, Cascade District, High Falls District, Grove Place, East End, South Wedge, Marketview Heights, Swillburg, Upper Monroe, Park Avenue, Beechwood, 14621 Community, German Village, University-Atlantic, Charlotte and Cobbs Hill are all primary neighborhoods.
====Park Avenue====
The area around Park Avenue in southeast Rochester is considered the [[Greenwich Village]] of Rochester.{{Fact|date=February 2008}} It is a popular area, especially for students and young people. Lining the streets are cafes, shops, pubs and restaurants. In a broader view, the total area surrounding University Avenue is one of the most culture and art-rich sections of the city. Located here are the Village Gate, Memorial Art Gallery, [[Rochester Museum and Science Center]], Rochester Public Market, ArtWalk, [[George Eastman House]] and high-end residential streets such as Granger Drive, East Boulevard, Douglas Road, and Berkeley Street.
====East End====
The East End is a residential neighborhood in Downtown Rochester but also the main nightlife district. The [[Eastman Theater]] and the [[Eastman School of Music]] are in the East End, along with the [[Little Theatre]], an independent film theatre and many clubs, bars and high-end restaurants.
====South Wedge====
The South Wedge neighborhood dates back to 1827, prior to the incorporation of Rochester Village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://southwedge.ning.com/group/southwedgehistoryandmaps|title=South Wedge History and Maps|accessdate=2008-05-24}}</ref>. The area is bordered by Marshall and Main streets in the north, Goodman St. and the town of Brighton on its east and south sides, and St. Paul St. on the west. This economically distressed neighborhood is one of the few in Rochester undergoing the process of gentrification, partially due to a recent increase in homeownership in the area. The South Wedge has a large concentration of Rochester's gay population and is home to the only specifically gay-friendly coffee shop in the city.<ref>[http://southwedge.ning.com/group/southwedgegayneighbors South Wedge Gay Neighbors]</ref>
====Swillburg====
This pie-shaped piece of the city is bordered by S. Clinton, Field St, and 490. <ref>http://www.swillburg.com/pdfs/swillburg%20neighborhood%20map.pdf</ref> The neighborhood received its moniker when a 19th century Rochester pig farmer utilized the area to collect swill for his swine. The neighborhood association humorously honors its roots by using street signs featuring the Swillburg Pig.<ref>[http://www.swillburg.com/merchandise.htm Swillburg Newsletters<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The area has one of the highest rates of homeownership in the city.
====Corn Hill====
The Corn Hill neighborhood near downtown is one of the nation's best preserved Victorian neighborhoods and a center for art. It is undergoing renovation and construction for residential buildings along the [[Genesee River]], and the Corn Hill Art Festival is one of the city's most popular gatherings for art display.
====Charlotte====
[[Charlotte, Rochester, New York|Charlotte]] (shar-LOT) is a lake front community in Rochester bordering [[Lake Ontario]]. It is home to [[Ontario Beach Park]], commonly known as Charlotte Beach, which is a popular summer destination for Rochesterians.
==Colleges and Universities==
[[Image:Colgate 8751.jpg|right|thumb|[[Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School]]]]
Education is one of Rochester's primary economic areas. The city and its suburbs are home to a number of [[colleges and universities]]:
*[[Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School]]
*[[Monroe Community College]]
*[[Nazareth College (New York)|Nazareth College]]
*[[Roberts Wesleyan College]]
*[[Rochester Institute of Technology]]
*[[St. John Fisher College]]
*[[St. Bernard's School of Theology and Ministry]]
*[[SUNY Brockport]]
*[[University of Rochester]] (including the [[Eastman School of Music]])
Together with [[Alfred University]], [[SUNY Alfred]], [[Empire State College]], [[Finger Lakes Community College]], [[SUNY Geneseo]], and [[Hobart and William Smith Colleges]], each within an hour of Rochester, these institutions comprise the [[Rochester Area Colleges]] consortium.
===University of Rochester===
[[Image:URRushRhees.jpg|thumb|left|River Campus of the [[University of Rochester]]]]
The [[University of Rochester]] (U of R), ranked as the 35th best university in the nation by [[U.S. News & World Report]]<ref>[http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php America's Best Colleges 2008]</ref> and was deemed "one of the new Ivies."<ref>{{cite news |title=America's 25 New Elite 'Ivies', August 21, 2008 |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14325172/site/newsweek/page/4/ |publisher=Newsweek |date=2007-08-30 |accessdate=2007-08-30 }}</ref> The nursing school has received many awards and honors<ref>[http://www.son.rochester.edu/son/about-us/rankings-achievements Rankings, Achievements & Honors - School of Nursing]</ref> and the [[William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration|Simon School of Business]] is also ranked in the top 30 in many categories. <ref>[http://www.simon.rochester.edu/about-simon/rankings/index.aspx Rankings : Simon Graduate School of Business]</ref>
The University of Rochester's [[Laboratory For Laser Energetics]] (LLE) is home to the highest energy [[laser]] in the world, the OMEGA laser.<ref>[http://www.lle.rochester.edu/01_aroundthelab/01_aroundthelab.php OMEGA EP Laser System Complete and Ready for Operation] University of Rochester's Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE)</ref>
The university is also home to the [[Eastman School of Music]], which in [[2004 in music|2004]] was ranked the number one music school in America.<ref>[http://www.rochester.edu/news/show.php?id=2230 University of Rochester Rises in U.S. News Rankings] University of Rochester Press Releases</ref>
===Rochester Institute of Technology===
The [[Rochester Institute of Technology]] (RIT) was founded in 1829 and is the tenth largest private university in the country in terms of full-time students. It is internationally known for its science, computer, engineering, and art programs, as well as for the [[National Technical Institute for the Deaf]], a leading deaf-education institution.
RIT is among the top colleges and universities in the nation for programs in the fine arts, placing in the top 10 for many of the college's programs, including Photography (3rd), Glass art (2nd), Industrial design (8th) and others.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rit.edu/news/?v=46089 | title = US News rankings}}</ref>
===Monroe Community College===
[[Monroe Community College]], the largest college in Upstate New York, has had the top ranking community college athletic program two years in a row and was rated as the tenth best [[associates degree]] producing two year college by [[Community College Week]].<ref>[http://www.suny.edu/GovtRelations/federal/pdf/Impact%20District%2029.pdf SUNY's Impact on New York's Congressional District 29]</ref> MCC has four campuses: the '''Damon City Campus''', the main '''Brighton Campus''' which houses the '''Mercer Gallery''', the '''Applied Technologies Center''', and the '''Public Safety Training Facility'''.<ref>[http://www.monroecc.edu/etsdbs/staffdir.nsf/CollegeDir-Main?OpenPage MCC College Directory]</ref>
===Roberts Wesleyan College===
Roberts Wesleyan was ranked the third-best value private college in the U.S. by the [[Princeton Review]] in 2007—the only school in New York State ranked in the top 10.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} It is also Rochester's only college affiliated with the [[Council for Christian Colleges & Universities]].{{Fact|date=May 2007}}
==Culture and recreation==
Rochester is home to a large number of cultural institutions considering its population. These include the world-renowned [[Garth Fagan]] Dance, the [[Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra]], [[George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film]], Memorial Art Gallery, [[Rochester Contemporary Art Center]], Rochester Museum & Science Center, [[Strong - National Museum of Play]], the A|V Room, the [[Strasenburgh Planetarium]], and numerous arts organizations. Rochester's [[Geva Theatre Center]] is the city's largest professional theatre.
[[Image:Rochlittletheatre.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Little Theatre]] on East Avenue]]
===Nightlife===
Rochester has several districts containing bars and nightspots but the primary area is the '''East End District''' in the southeast part of downtown. Restaurants, bistros, and nightclubs can also be found in the St. Paul Quarter, Monroe Avenue (and Upper Monroe), as well as Park Avenue. The South Wedge neighborhood boasts a wine bar, a British-style pub, an Irish pub, a honky-tonk cajun bar-b-que joint and numerous other restaurants and bars.
===Park lands===
The city's Victorian era [[Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester|Mt. Hope Cemetery]] includes the final resting place of [[Susan B. Anthony]], [[Frederick Douglass]], and [[George Baldwin Selden]]. Other scenic cemeteries are [[Holy Sepulchre Cemetery (Rochester, New York)|Holy Sepulchre]] and its neighbor the [[Riverside Cemetery (Rochester, New York)|Riverside Cemetery]]. Rochester is also known for its parks, including the [[Highland Park, Rochester, New York|Highland Park]], Cobb's Hill Park, [[Durand-Eastman Park]], [[Genesee Valley Park]], Maplewood Park, Edgerton Park, Seneca Park and Ontario Beach Park.
[[Image:Rochester NY Highland Park Lamberton Conservatory.jpeg|thumb|left|Lamberton Conservatory from 1911 in the [[Highland Park, Rochester, New York|Highland Park]]]]
The city has 13 full-time recreation centers, 19 swimming programs, 3 artificial ice rinks, 66 softball/baseball fields, 47 tennis courts, 5 football fields, 7 soccer fields, and 43 outdoor basketball courts. As a legacy of its time as "The Flower City", Rochester hosts a [[Lilac Festival (New York)|Lilac Festival]] for ten days every May, when nearly 400 varieties of lilacs bloom, and 100,000 visitors arrive.
[[Image:Reservoir Fountain - Highland Park - Rochester, New York.jpg|thumb|right|[[Highland Park, Rochester, New York|Highland Park]]]]
Mumford, a hamlet in the town of Wheatland southwest of Rochester, is home to the [[Genesee Country Village and Museum]], a combination of a model village, where examples of local architecture are preserved; sporting art and carriage museums; a nature center; and model gardens.
To Rochester's south is the scenic [[Letchworth State Park]], the so-called "Grand Canyon of the East", with its river gorge and waterfalls. Also to the south and southeast is the glacially-formed [[Finger Lakes]] Region, with its numerous lakes and waterfalls.
===Festivals===
[[Image:LilacFestival 2005.JPG|thumb|The [[Lilac Festival]]]]
Rochester has a number of festivals, many of which occur in late spring and throughout the summer. These include the [[Rochester International Jazz Festival]], established in 2002; the Corn Hill Festival (arts, crafts, and food in this Third Ward neighborhood); the [[Rochester-High Falls International Film Festival]] (held at the [[George Eastman House]]'s [[Dryden Theatre]] and the [[Little Theatre]] downtown); ImageOut, The Rochester Lesbian & Gay Film & Video Festival (also held at the Little Theatre); Clothesline Art Festival (artists from the region display their works on the grounds of the [[Memorial Art Gallery]]); Park Avenue Merchants Festival; [[Lilac Festival (New York)|Lilac Festival]] at [[Highland Park, Rochester, New York|Highland Park]]; St. Patrick's Day parade (March); Rose Festival at Maplewood Park; Irish festival (September); two Greek festivals - one on East Avenue (in June) and one on South Avenue (in September); Gay Pride Festival (July); Puerto Rican Festival(August); Rochester Music Festival; and the Cold Rush Winter Celebration (celebrating winter sports in the Rochester area).
During the summer, and especially on the [[Fourth of July]], downtown after dark is lit with fireworks and a laser show at the [[High Falls]] venue.
===Vernacular===
In the Greater Rochester Area, hotdogs can be called "red hots" or "white hots" to distinguish the common (red) hotdog from its local white hotdog variant which includes veal and powdered milk in its ingredients. A banquet facility is known as a "party-house".
The nearby town of [[Chili, New York|Chili]] is pronounced with long "i"s: "CHY-lye". The neighborhood of [[Charlotte, Rochester, New York|Charlotte]] is pronounced with the accent on the second syllable: "shar-LOT". The suburbs of [[Riga, New York|Riga]] and [[Lima, New York|Lima]], are pronounced "RYE-ga" and "LIE-ma. The suburb of [[Bergen, New York|Bergen]] is pronounced "BER-jin".
====Accent====
A "Rochester accent" can be described as a form of [[Inland Northern American English]], like a Chicago or Detroit accent. It has been described as nasal, recognized by the [[Phonological history of English short A#Non-phonemic æ-tensing|vocalization of the short "a" (æ) sound]]: "and" is closer to "i-uhnd" ([ˈɪənd]).
It is often described as including the pronunciation of the city itself as "Rach'str" ([ˈɹatʃ.stɚ]).
===Media===
Rochester has one daily newspaper, the Rochester ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]''; there are also free weekly publications such as "[[City Newspaper|City]]" newspaper and the "Freetime" entertainment magazine.
Rochester has seven broadcast television stations:
*[[CBS]]: [[WROC-TV|WROC]] 8 (cable 8)
*[[NBC]]: [[WHEC-TV|WHEC]] 10 (cable 10)
*[[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]: [[WHAM-TV|WHAM]] 13 (cable 13)
*[[PBS]]: [[WXXI-TV|WXXI]] 21 (cable 11)
*[[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]]: [[WUHF]] 31 (cable 7)
*[[MyNetworkTV]]: [[WBGT-CA|WBGT]] 40/26 (cable 18)
*[[The CW Television Network|CW]] [[CW-WHAM]] (13-2) (cable 16)
Rochester also has several radio stations, both AM and FM including:
WXXI (Public Radio)
WCMF (Rock and Roll)
WDKX (Urban Contemporary Radio)
WHAM (News and Talk Radio)
Rochester's [[cable television]] provider is [[Time Warner Cable]], which provides [[R News]], a 24-hour local news channel.
=== Points of interest ===
[[Image:George-Eastman-House=Exterior.JPG|thumb|The [[George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film]], the World's oldest photography museum]]
[[Image:Rochester Eastman Theatre - Exterior.jpg|thumb|The [[Eastman Theatre]]]]
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Strong Museum of Play Inside.jpg|thumb|[[Strong - National Museum of Play]] and the [[National Toy Hall of Fame]]{{deletable image-caption}}]] -->
[[Image:Strasenburgh Planetarium.jpg|thumb|[[Strasenburgh Planetarium]], Rochester Museum & Science Center]]
*[[Blue Cross Arena]] at the [[War Memorial]]
*Cobbs Hill Park and Reservoir
*[[Ellwanger Garden]]
*[[Genesee Country Village and Museum]], about {{convert|20|mi|km|0}} away
*[[George Eastman House International Museum of Photography and Film]]
*[[Geva Theatre Center]]
*[[Hamlin Beach State Park]]
*[[Genesee River#History|High Falls]] and the High Falls Entertainment District
*[[Highland Park, Rochester, New York|Highland Park]]
*[[Kodak Park]]
*Liberty Pole
*[[Little Theatre]], one of the oldest art-house movie theaters in the country
*Maplewood Park Rose Garden
*[[Mendon Ponds Park]]
*[[Midtown Plaza (Rochester)|Midtown Plaza]], the nation's first downtown shopping mall
*[[Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester]], the nation's first Victorian cemetery
*[[Nick Tahou Hots]]
*Ontario Beach Park and the Port of Rochester at [[Charlotte, Rochester, New York|Charlotte]]
*The Rochester Auditorium
*[[Rochester Institute of Technology]]
*[[Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad Museum]]
*[[Rochester Riverside Convention Center]]
*[[SeaBreeze]] amusement park.
*[[Seneca Park Zoo]], one of the top three family attractions in the area
*[[Strong - National Museum of Play]], nation's second-largest children's museum housing the [[National Toy Hall of Fame]]
*[[Strasenburgh Planetarium]], part of the Rochester Museum & Science Center
*[[Susan B. Anthony]] House
*Times Square Building, noted for its "Wings of Victory" statue.
*University Avenue and Park Avenue Artistic Districts
*[[University of Rochester]]
*[[University of Rochester Arboretum]]
*[[University of Rochester]]'s [[Eastman School of Music]] and [[Eastman Theatre]]
*Water Street Music Hall
=== Sports ===
Rochester was named the top minor league sports market in the country by Street & Smith's Sports Business Journal in July 2005; and the number 10 "best golf city" in America by ''Golf Magazine'' in 2007.<ref name="MATTHEWS">{{cite web
| last = Rochester Democrat & Chronicle
| first =
| title = Rochester makes 10-best golf cities list ([[November 27]] [[2007]])
| url= http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2007711270334
| accessdate = 2007-11-27 }}</ref>
====Professional sports====
Rochester has eight professional sports teams:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ci.rochester.ny.us/index.cfm?id=485 | title="Rochester Sports" | accessdate=2008-01-13}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Club
! Sport
! Founded
! League
! Venue
|-
| [[Rochester Red Wings]]
| [[Baseball]]
| 1899
| [[International League]]
| [[Frontier Field]]
|-
| [[Rochester Americans]]
| [[Ice hockey]]
| 1956
| [[American Hockey League|AHL]]
| [[Blue Cross Arena]]
|-
| [[Rochester Knighthawks]]
| [[Box lacrosse|Indoor lacrosse]]
| 1995
| [[National Lacrosse League|NLL]]
| [[Blue Cross Arena]]
|-
| [[Rochester Rhinos]]
| [[Soccer]]
| 1996
| [[USL First Division]]
| [[PAETEC Park]]
|-
| [[Rochester Rattlers]]
| [[Lacrosse|Field lacrosse]]
| 2001
| [[Major League Lacrosse|MLL]]
| [[PAETEC Park]]
|-
| [[Rochester Razorsharks]]
| [[Basketball]]
| 2005
| [[Premier Basketball League|PBL]]
| [[Blue Cross Arena]]
|-
| [[Rochester Raiders]]
| [[Indoor football]]
| 2006
| [[Continental Indoor Football League|CIFL]]
| [[Blue Cross Arena]]
|-
| [[Rochester Greywolves]]
| [[Box lacrosse|Indoor lacrosse]]
| 2008
| [[Canadian-American Lacrosse League|CanAm]]
| [[Genesee Valley Ice Rink]]
|-
|}
Among cities in North America with at least seven current professional teams, Rochester is the only one whose teams all have cumulative winning regular season records.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bob Matthews Sports Column, July 21, 2007 |url=http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070721/SPORTS0101/707210319/1007/SPORTS |publisher=Rochester Democrat and Chronicle |date=2007-07-21 |accessdate=2007-07-21 }}</ref>
The [[Rochester Red Wings]] baseball club, the AAA affiliate of the [[Minnesota Twins]], play in the [[International League]]. The [[Rochester Americans]] [[ice hockey]] team, the [[American Hockey League|AHL]] affiliate for the [[National Hockey League|NHL]] [[Florida Panthers]], are known as the "Amerks". The [[Rochester Rhinos]] [[football (soccer)|soccer]] club play in the [[USL First Division]], which is the second-highest level American soccer league.
[[Image:Frontier Field 2.jpg|thumb|left|[[Frontier Field]], including the Rochester skyline to the southeast.]]
There are two top tier professional [[lacrosse]] teams in Rochester. [[Rochester Knighthawks]] play [[box lacrosse]] in the [[National Lacrosse League]] during winter and spring. In summer, the [[Rochester Rattlers]] play [[field lacrosse]] in the [[Major League Lacrosse]] organization. Also during the summer months, the Rochester Greywolves play [[box lacrosse]] in the CanAm Lacrosse League. The team was brought back to life after a 2 decade hiatus and is comprised almost entirely of local talent. Both the Knighthawks and Rattlers play at the highest level of professional lacrosse, the Greywolves play at second-highest level of box in America.
[[Image:PAETEC Park overview.JPG|thumb|right|[[PAETEC Park]]]]
The newest local professional sports teams are [[Rochester Razorsharks]] (of the [[Premier Basketball League]]) and [[Rochester Raiders]] ([[Continental Indoor Football League]]). [[Image:Amerks vs bingh sens.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Rochester Americans]]]]
Rochester is home to the [[Empire State Roar]], a semi-pro team in the league known as the [[Women's Professional Football League]], and the Rochester Rhinos women's team of the W-League, an advanced amateur tier of the United Soccer Leagues.
Professional [[golf]] regularly comes to Rochester. The [[PGA Championship]] and the [[U.S. Open (golf)|US Open]] have been held at [[Oak Hill Country Club]], as was the [[1995 Ryder Cup]]. The [[Xerox Classic]] Tournament on the [[Nationwide Tour]] comes every August. The [[Wegmans LPGA]] tournament is yearly in June at [[Locust Hill Country Club]].
While Rochester currently has no teams at the top level of the major American sports, the city does host training camp for the [[NFL]]'s [[Buffalo Bills]] each summer since 2000 at [[St. John Fisher College]] in the suburban of [[Pittsford]]. The absence of a major pro sports team has not always been the case. From 1920–1925, Rochester was home to the [[Rochester Jeffersons]], a charter member of the [[National Football League]]. From 1948–1957, the [[Rochester Royals]] played in the [[National Basketball Association]], winning the NBA championship in 1951. In soccer, the [[Rochester Lancers]] played from 1970–1980 in the top-level [[North American Soccer League]].
Since 1877, 29 teams in eight professional sports have represented Rochester, according to ''The Rochester Sports Project'' by local sports historian [[Douglas Brei]]. In spring 2006, Brei showed that Rochester's professional sports teams were collectively approaching 25,000 games played. That game was played on [[June 16]], [[2006]], when Red Wings hosted the [[Indianapolis Indians]] at Frontier Field. He also reports that only six active franchises in the history of North American professional sports have played in the same city and same league continuously and uninterrupted since the 1800s: [[Chicago Cubs]], [[Cincinnati Reds]], [[Philadelphia Phillies]], [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[St. Louis Cardinals]], and [[Rochester Red Wings]].
The city has two independent pro-wrestling leagues: Next Era Wrestling and NWA Upstate which operate in and around the city.
Rochester is home territory of the [[Buffalo Bills]] and the [[Buffalo Sabres]]. The Sabres are further tied to Rochester through their owner, Rochester billionaire [[Tom Golisano]].
====College sports====
Almost all area college sports are played at the [[Division III|NCAA Division III]] level. An exception is the [[Rochester Institute of Technology|RIT]] men's ice hockey team, which moved up to the Division I level in 2005. [[Hobart and William Smith Colleges|Hobart College]], an hour away from Rochester in [[Geneva, New York|Geneva]], has a Division I men's lacrosse team.
Among junior colleges, [[Monroe Community College|MCC]] is dominant in [[NJCAA]] Division II sports.
====Club Sports====
Rochester is home to two men's [[rugby football|rugby]] teams, the [[Rochester Aardvarks]] and the Rochester Colonials:[http://www.rochestercolonials.org]. Both have long histories, with the Aardvarks celebrating their 40th anniversary in 2006, and the Colonials celebrating 25 years in 2005. The Aardvarks are one of the few rugby teams in the country to own its own pitch: Aardvark Park in [[Henrietta, New York]]. The Aardvarks and the Colonials both have hosted local and state-wide tournaments and the Colonials hosted the 2007 USA Rugby National Collegiate All-Star Championships. Both teams thrive on local college and university players. The Rochester Bicycling Club [http://www.rochesterbicyclingclub.org/] is a social and fitness bicycling club.
== Transportation ==
[[Image:RochesterCanal RochesterNY.jpg|thumb|Barges on the [[Genesee River]]]]
===Maritime transport===
There is marine freight service at the [[Port of Rochester]] on [[Lake Ontario]], which is connected to the [[Atlantic Ocean]] via the [[St. Lawrence Seaway]].
A short-lived, high-speed passenger/vehicle [[ferry]] [[Spirit of Ontario I]], nicknamed The Breeze, linked Rochester to [[Toronto, Ontario]] across Lake Ontario. It operated between [[June 17]], [[2004]], and [[December 12]], [[2005]], and cost the city $42.5 million. It was sold to Forde Reederei Seetouristik, a German company, for $30 million.
===Air transport===
Rochester is served by the [[Greater Rochester International Airport]]. Daily scheduled air service is provided by [[Air Canada]] / [[Air Georgian]], [[AirTran Airways]], [[American Airlines|American]], [[Continental Airlines|Continental]], [[Delta Air Lines|Delta]], [[JetBlue]], [[Northwest Airlines|Northwest]], [[United Airlines|United]], and [[US Airways]].
===Mass transit===
{{seealso|Rochester (Amtrak station)}}
[[Amtrak]] (passenger) and freight lines provide rail service to Rochester. Rochester has intercity and transcontinental bus service via [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] and [[Trailways Transportation System|Trailways]].
Local bus service in Rochester and its county suburbs is provided by the [[Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority]] (RGRTA) via its Regional Transit Service (RTS) subsidiary. RTS also provides suburban service outside the immediate Rochester area and runs smaller transportation systems in outlying counties, such as WATS (Wayne Area Transportation System).
From 1927 to 1957, Rochester had a [[light rail]] underground transit system called the [[Rochester Subway]]. It was the smallest city in the world to have one. There are proposals to put in a new system, possibly using some of the old tunnels. One includes converting the Broad Street bridge tunnel—the former canal aqueduct—into an underground pedestrian walkway, which would also include a Rochester Transportation Museum, and a tram system. [[Image:Aqueduct under Broad St.jpg|thumb|The Broad Street Aqueduct was used as a subway tunnel]]
The former canal and subway tunnels have become a source of controversy. Many city homeless use the tunnels for shelter, and a few areas near tunnel entrances have gained the reputation as being dangerous. The city has considered multiple solutions for the space including recreating a canal way, putting the subway system back in or filling the tunnels entirely. The plan to fill the tunnels in has generated criticism as the cost of filling would be comparable to restoring the subway{{Fact|date=June 2008}}.
The Broad Street bridge over the Genesee that the subway used still retains the lower track level.
[[Image:Mainstreet rochny.jpg|right|thumb|Main Street looking east]]
=== Major Highways and Roads that serve the Greater Rochester Area===
There are three exits off the [[New York State Thruway]] ([[Interstate 90]]) that serve Rochester. Rochester has an extensive [[freeway]] ([[expressway]]) system which connects all parts of the city and the city with the Thruway. During the Thruway's construction, a disagreement between the governor of New York and mayor of Rochester resulted in a bypass of downtown Rochester, leaving the city struggling for growth. {{Fact|date=February 2007}}
Rochester's expressway system, conceived in the 1950s, was designed as two concentric circles with feeder expressways from the west, south and east. The system allows for quick travel within the metropolitan area and a lack of the traffic gridlock typically found in cities of comparable size; in part this is because the system was designed to accommodate an anticipated year-2000 metro population of 5 million, whereas the present-day population is just over one million.
The [[New York State Route 47|Outer Loop]] circles just outside the city limits while the [[Inner Loop (Rochester)|Inner Loop]] circles around the immediate downtown area within the city proper. From the west are [[Lake Ontario State Parkway]], [[New York State Route 531|NY-531]] and [[Interstate 490 (New York)|I-490]]; [[Interstate 390]] feeds from the south; and [[New York State Route 104|NY-104]], [[New York State Route 441|NY-441]], and [[Interstate 490 (New York)|I-490]] approach from the east.
'''Four [[Interstate Highway System|Interstate Highways]] run through the Greater Rochester area:'''
[[Image:I-90.svg|22px]] [[Interstate 90 (New York)|Interstate 90]] ([[New York State Thruway]])
*I-90 runs from [[Seattle]] to [[Boston]]. I-90 connects to I-390 and I-490 to serve the Greater Rochester Area.
[[Image:I-390.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 390 (New York)|Interstate 390]] (Genesee Expressway)
*I-390 runs south-north, crossing [[Interstate 90|I-90]] (exit 46) and routing north through Rochester's western suburbs. Its northern end is at [[Interstate 490 (New York)|I-490]], however it continues north as [[New York State Route 390|NY-390]] until it merges into the [[Lake Ontario State Parkway]]. South of I-90, I-390 runs to [[Avoca, New York]], where it meets up with [[U.S. Highway 15]] and the Southern Tier Expressway, [[Interstate 86 (east)|I-86]].
[[Image:I-490.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 490 (New York)|Interstate 490]] (Western/Eastern Expressway)
*I-490 runs west-east through Rochester, starting at [[Le Roy (town), New York|Le Roy, New York]] and ending in [[Victor (town), New York|Victor, New York]]. It interchanges with the two other Interstates in Rochester: [[Interstate 390|I-390]] at the western city limit and [[Interstate 590|I-590]] at the eastern limit, as well as connecting at both ends with the Thruway, [[Interstate 90|I-90]] (exits 47 and 45). In July 2007, a new bridge over the [[Genesee River]] was completed and named the [[Frederick Douglass-Susan B. Anthony Memorial Bridge]].
[[Image:I-590.svg|25px]] [[Interstate 590 (New York)|Interstate 590]]
*I-590 runs south-north through Rochester's eastern suburbs. Its southern end is at [[Interstate 390|I-390]], while the northern end is at [[Interstate 490 (New York)|I-490]]; the highway continues north to the shore of Lake Ontario as [[New York State Route 590|NY-590]].
*In decreasing usage is the term "[[Can of Worms]]", referring to the previously dangerous at-grade intersection of [[Interstate 490 (New York)|Interstate 490]] and expressway [[New York State Route 590|NY-590]] on the eastern edge of the Rochester city limits, bordering the suburb of [[Brighton, New York|Brighton]]. In the 1980s, a multimillion dollar project created a system of overpasses and ramps that reduced the danger but resulted in the loss of certain exits.
'''[[New York State Highways|New York State Route]] Expressways:'''
[[Image:NY-104.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 104]] (Irondequoit-Wayne County Expressway, West Ridge Road)
*NY 104 - Just east of the NY 590 interchange, NY 104 becomes the Irondequoit-Wayne County Expressway and crosses the [[Irondequoit Bay Bridge]]. On the other side of the Bay Bridge, in the town of Webster, NY 104 has exits before returning to an at-grade highway at Basket Road.
[[Image:NY-390.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 390]]
*NY 390 is an extension of Interstate 390 from the I-390/I-490 interchange in Gates. The northern terminus is at the Lake Ontario State Parkway in Greece, less than a mile from the Lake Ontario shoreline.
[[Image:NY-531.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 531]] (Spencerport Expressway)
*NY 531 serves as a connector between the northwestern suburbs of Rochester and Interstate 490.
[[Image:NY-590.svg|25px]] [[New York State Route 590]]
*NY 590 is a limited-access extension of Interstate 590 at runs from an interchange between Interstate 490 and I-590 on the Brighton/Rochester border. The northern terminus is at Culver Road in Irondequoit, near Sea Breeze (the western shore of Irondequoit Bay at Lake Ontario).
'''[[Parkways in New York|New York State Parkways]]:'''
[[Image:Lake Ontario State Parkway.svg|25px]] [[Lake Ontario State Parkway]]
*Lake Ontario State Parkway travels from [[Lakeside Beach State Park]] in Carlton, Orleans County. The eastern end is at Lake Avenue in the city of Rochester in Monroe County.
==Notable citizens==
:''See [[List of people from Rochester, New York]]''
==Sister cities==
Rochester has ten [[sister cities]], as designated by [[Sister Cities International]]. They are all dedicated by a branched concrete walkway over the Genesee River, dubbed the Sister Cities Bridge (known as the Frank and Janet Lamb Bridge since October 2006)<ref>{{cite press release | title = SISTER CITIES BRIDGE RENAMED "FRANK AND JANET LAMB SISTER CITIES BRIDGE" | publisher = City of Rochester, New York| date = 2006-10-11 | url = http://www.cityofrochester.gov/mayor/NewsReleases/index.cfm?release=2257 | format = HTML | accessdate = 2007-06-10 | quote = Mayor Robert J. Duffy conducted a ceremony today on the Sister Cities Bridge, officially renaming it the Frank and Janet Lamb Sister Cities Bridge. }}</ref>:
*{{flagicon|MLI}} [[Bamako]], [[Mali]]
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Caltanissetta]], [[Italy]]
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hamamatsu]], [[Japan]]
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Kraków]], [[Poland]]
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Novgorod]], [[Russia]]
*{{flagicon|DOM}} [[San Felipe de Puerto Plata]], [[Dominican Republic]]
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Rehovot]], [[Israel]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Rennes]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Waterford]], [[Ireland]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Würzburg]], [[Germany]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
==External links==
{{commonscat}}
* {{wikitravel|Rochester (New York)}}
*[http://www.cityofrochester.gov City of Rochester]
*[http://www.visitrochester.com/ Greater Rochester Visitors Association]
*[http://rocwiki.org/ Rochester Wiki]
{{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/New_York/Localities/R/Rochester|Rochester}}
{{coor title dms|43|9|56|N|77|36|41|W|type:city(219000)}}
{{Monroe County, New York}}
{{New York}}
[[Category:Rochester, New York| ]]
[[Category:Monroe County, New York]]
[[Category:Cities in New York]]
[[Category:Cities on the Great Lakes]]
[[Category:County seats in New York]]
[[Category:Genesee River]]
[[Category:Settlements established in the 1810s]]
[[Category:Rochester, New York metropolitan area]]
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