Roleplaying 26440 220738775 2008-06-21T10:07:31Z Lvova 6359390 ru (ups) {{otheruses4|the act of adopting roles|the 2001 Alan Ayckbourn play|RolePlay (play)}} In '''roleplaying''', participants adopt and [[Acting|act]] out the [[role]] of [[fictional character|characters]], or parts, that may have personalities, motivations, and backgrounds different from their own. Roleplaying, also known as ''RP'' to some, is like being in an [[improvisation]]al drama or free-form [[theater]], in which the participants are the [[actor]]s who are playing parts, and the [[audience]]. People use the phrase "role-playing" in at least three distinct ways: *to refer to the playing of roles generally such as in a theater, or educational setting; *to refer to a wide range of games including [[computer role-playing games]], [[play-by-mail game]]s and more; *or to refer specifically to [[role-playing games]].<ref>Andrew Rilstone, "Role-Playing Games: An Overview" 1994, Inter*Action #1 at http://www.rpg.net/oracle/essays/rpgoverview.html </ref> == For learning, political goals and therapy == Simulations and roleplaying exercises are one of the oldest of [[education]]al methods, having been used in ancient times and from young age. (Young children role play "doctor" and "nurse", "customers" and "shop owners" etc.) They have been used extensively in vocational training situations and in vocation-oriented higher-education courses (e.g. [[Law]], [[Medicine]], [[Economics]]) since the 1960s. [[Roleplay simulation]]s fall into the category of "multi-agenda social-process simulations". In such simulations, "participants assume individual roles in a hypothesised social group and experience the complexity of establishing and implementing particular goals within the fabric established by the system". <ref>Gredler, M. (1992), ''Designing and Evaluating Games and Simulations: A Process Approach'', Kogan Page, London</ref> Since the 1920s, roleplay simulation has been used in politics and international relations contexts, including model League of Nations organizations, which gave rise to model [http://www.un.org/Pubs/CyberSchoolBus/munda/ United Nations simulations]. Mock Trials, and model legislatures, such as the [http://www.ymcapa.org/2004_interface/National/results_page.asp YMCA Youth in Government] program, are good examples of political role play too. Typically educational goals, real world political goals, and entertainment goals have all been important to political role play. [http://www.icons.umd.edu/ Project ICONS] and [http://www.fablusi.com Fablusi role play simulations] allow role play simulation designers to model human relationships using different rights structures in communication environments, differential information and amount of wealth. Roleplaying has been an important part of military training for centuries. The Prussian term for live-action military training exercises is ''[[kriegsspiel]]'' or "Wargames", a term that has entered English as well, although the contemporary military prefers to call them [[military exercise]]s. Roleplaying is used as a form of [[psychotherapy|psychotherapeutic]] intervention in several approaches, with [[Drama therapy]] using it as a primary therapeutic intervention. Often, conflicts with others will be acted out and embodied by a client or clients, providing insight and promoting sympathy. These techniques originate with [[psychodrama]], a form founded by [[Jacob L. Moreno]] which employs playing roles as well as other techniques. Role-playing is widely used in learning-based psychotherapies focusing on skill acquisition. ==For entertainment== Role-playing in the form of [[historical re-enactment]] has been practiced by adults for millennia as well. The ancient Romans, Han Chinese, and medieval Europeans all enjoyed occasionally organizing events in which everyone pretended to be from an earlier age, and entertainment appears to have been the primary purpose of these activities. Within the 20th century historical reenactment has often been pursued as a [[hobby]]. Another role-playing tradition is the [[improvisational theatre]] tradition. This goes back in some sense to the [[Commedia dell'Arte]] tradition of 16th century. Modern improvisational theatre began in the classroom with the "theatre games" of [[Viola Spolin]] and [[Keith Johnstone]] in the 1950's. Viola Spolin, who was one of the founder the famous comedy troupe [[The Second City|Second City]], insisted that her exercises were games, and that they involved role-playing as early as 1946, but thought of them as training actors and comics rather than as being primarily aimed at being fun in their own right. ===Role-playing games=== {{main|Role-playing game}} A role-playing game is a [[game]] in which the participants assume the roles of [[fictional character|characters]] and collaboratively create [[narrative|stories]]. Participants determine the actions of their characters based on their [[characterization]], and the actions succeed or fail according to a formal [[role-playing game system|system]] of rules and guidelines. Within the rules, they may [[improvisation|improvise]] freely; their choices shape the direction and outcome of the games. There are many different types of role-playing games (RPGs). Many, and particularly those that came first, are centered around characters being created in fantasy universes. Of particular note is the advent of such games as Dungeons and Dragons in the 1970's, invented and propagated originally by Gary Gygax and David Arneson. Many different versions of this game were developed, and other types of games were spun-off from this original template, causing what was first developed as a hobby to become a multi-million dollar business venture. ==Sexual roleplaying== {{Main|Sexual roleplay}} A form of roleplaying in which partners take parts in a drama that provides sexual gratification; these might include a teacher and pupil, or employer and maid. Sexual roleplaying is common in [[BDSM]], and is integral to most pseudonymous or anonymous forms of [[cybersex]]. ===Sexual roleplaying in online games=== Sexual roleplaying also occurs, albeit rarely, on various forms of [[online game]]s. This is a generally less accepted type of roleplaying in an online community, though opinions about it vary. Social acceptance and attitudes to sexual roleplaying differ within various communities, often dependent on the community's genre or purpose (e.g., adult [[BDSM]] and [[Sexual fetishism|fetish]] communities not only accept this behaviour but promulgate it as the main activity around which the online community functions). It is also not uncommon for players to form personal attachments or friendships with the player that they roleplay with. The above mentioned example is generally better accepted in an [[online]] environment than roleplaying a character that involves sexual-related content in public or in abovementioned adult-themed roleplaying games. ==References== <div class="references-small"> <references/> </div> ==External links== *[http://www.freewebs.com/roleplayingcommunity Roleplaying Community] *[http://www.roleplaysim.org/papers/ Roleplay Simulation for Teaching and Learning] [[Category:Human behavior]] [[Category:Role-playing| ]] [[da:Rollespil]] [[de:Rollenspiel (Pädagogik)]] [[ru:Ролевая игра (психология)]] [[es:Interpretación de roles]] [[fr:Jeu de rôle (psychologie)]] [[he:משחק תפקידים]] [[nl:Rollenspel (psychologie)]] [[ja:役割演技]] [[nb:Rollespill]] [[nn:Rollespel]] [[fi:roolipelaaminen]] [[sr:Играње улога]]