Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu 741950 217726745 2008-06-07T11:16:32Z Charles Matthews 12978 /* Alencastre */ lk {{Infobox Roman Catholic diocese |Roman Catholic Diocese of=Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu |Latin name of diocese=Dioecesis Honoluluensis |image=[[Image:Alencastre_Window.jpg|300px]] |caption=Pope Pius XI installed Stephen Alencastre of Portugal as fifth Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. Alencastre was the first person raised in Hawai{{okina}}i to become ordinary of the Hawaiian Church. |location=[[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]], [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]], [[United States]] |territory=[[U.S. state|State of]] [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]], [[Unincorporated territory|Unincorporated]] [[Hawaiian Islands]] |population= |rite=[[Roman Rite]] |patron=[[Our Lady of Peace]], [[Father Damien|Blessed Damien of Moloka{{okina}}i]], [[Mother Marianne Cope|Blessed Marianne of Moloka{{okina}}i]] |province=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|Archdiocese of San Francisco]] |established=[[January 25]], [[1941]] |cathedral=[[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]] |co-cathedral=[[Co-Cathedral of Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus]] |leadership=[[Roman Catholic Bishop of Honolulu|Bishop of Honolulu]] |website=[http://www.catholichawaii.org Catholic Hawai{{okina}}i] |pope=[[Benedict XVI]] |metropolitan=[[George Hugh Niederauer]] Archbishop of San Francisco |ordinary=[[Clarence Richard Silva]] Bishop of Honolulu |auxiliary= }} The '''Catholic Diocese of Honolulu''', officially in [[Latin]] ''Dioecesis Honoluluensis'', is an ecclesiastical territory or [[particular church]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] in the [[United States]]. The [[diocese]] comprises the entire [[U.S. state|state]] of [[Hawaii|Hawai{{okina}}i]] and the unincorporated [[Hawaiian Islands]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dhono.html | title=Catholic Hierarchy Profile of the Diocese of Honolulu| format=html| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> The diocese is suffragan to the [[List of the Roman Catholic dioceses of the United States#Province of San Francisco|Metropolitan Archdiocese of San Francisco]] and a part of the ecclesiastical province that includes the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|San Francisco archdiocese]] and the suffragan dioceses of [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Las Vegas|Las Vegas]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Oakland|Oakland]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Reno|Reno]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento|Sacramento]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose in California|San Jose]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa in California|Santa Rosa]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Stockton|Stockton]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sfarchdiocese.org/description.html | title=Archdiocese of San Francisco Description| format=html| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> The [[patron saint|patrons]] of the Diocese of Honolulu are the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]], under the title of ''[[Malia O Ka Malu]]'' or ''[[Our Lady of Peace|Our Lady Queen of Peace]]'', [[Father Damien|Blessed Damien of Moloka{{okina}}i]], and [[Mother Marianne Cope|Blessed Marianne of Moloka{{okina}}i]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://home.att.net/~mondoymusic/dio_HawaiiSaints.htm | title=Hawaii's Saints| format=html| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> The diocese is governed by the [[Roman Catholic Bishop of Honolulu|Bishop of Honolulu]]. His canonical seat or [[cathedra]] is located at the [[Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace]]. With his clergy, the bishop ministers to a culturally diverse population in the following languages: [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]; [[English language|English]]; [[Ilokano language|Ilokano]]; [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]; [[Samoan language|Samoan]]; [[Tongan language|Tongan]]; [[Japanese language|Japanese]]; [[Korean language|Korean]]; [[Spanish language|Spanish]]; and [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]. It is one of the most diverse and one of the largest dioceses in the United States, in terms of territorial area which spans statewide and includes unpopulated Hawaiian Islands. [[Pope Gregory XVI]] had divided [[Oceania]] into two vicariates apostolic. The evangelization of the Vicariate Apostolic of Oriental Oceania (consisting of the prefectures apostolic of [[Tahiti]], the [[Marquesas]], and the Sandwich Islands) was entrusted to the [[Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary|Picpus Fathers]], then recently established by [[Pierre Coudrin]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13308a.htm | title=New Advent article on the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary| format=html| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> The Vicariate Apostolic of Occidental Oceania was likewise entrusted to the Society of Mary, [[Marianists]] and [[Marists]], founded in [[1836]] at [[Lyon, France|Lyon]] by [[Jean-Claude-Marie Colin]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11769a.htm | title=New Advent article on Jean-Claude-Marie Colin| format=html| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> Shortly after the disappearance at sea of the Vicar Apostolic of Oriental Oceania, Msgr. Rouchouze and a company of missionaries on the ''Marie Joseph'' in [[1843]], the [[Holy See|Vatican]] canonically erected from its territories the Vicariate Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13438a.htm | title=New Advent article on the Vicariate Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands| format=html| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> Similar vicariates apostolic were created for Tahiti and the Marquesas. [[Pope Pius IX|Blessed Pius IX]] changed its name in [[1848]] to the Vicariate Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. [[Pope Pius XII|Venerable Pope Pius XII]] elevated the [[apostolic vicariate|vicariate apostolic]] to the dignity of a diocese on [[January 25]], [[1941]], as it remains today.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dhono.html | title=Catholic Hierarchy Profile of the Diocese of Honolulu| format=html| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> ==Missionaries== [[Image:Le_bon_pere_Coudrin.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Pierre Coudrin founded the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary which brought the Catholic Church to Hawai{{okina}}i.]] The first Catholic mission to the [[Kingdom of Hawaii|Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i]] was established by the creation of the [[Prefecture Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands]] by [[Pope Leo XII]] and the appointment of [[Alexis Bachelot]] as its first and only prefect, a member of the [[Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary]], a [[religious order]] called the Picpus Fathers, founded by [[Peter Coudrin|Pierre Coudrin]] during the [[French Revolution]]. The first Picpus Fathers departed from [[Bordeaux]] aboard the ''La Comète'' on [[November 21]], [[1826]] and stopped in [[Valparaíso]] in [[Chile]] on [[February 8]], [[1827]]. The Picpus Fathers resumed their trip on [[February 25]]. They entered port at [[Honolulu Harbor]] on [[July 7]]. Having originally been refused entry by [[Protestant]] advisors to the king, the Picpus Fathers did not disembark from their ship until [[July 9]], the Feast of [[Our Lady of Peace]]. Among the first Picpus Fathers were [[Abraham Armand]] and [[Alexis Bachelot]] of [[France]], as well as [[Patrick Short]] of the [[United Kingdom]]. They were joined by six lay brothers. Fathers Armand, Bachelot and Short concelebrated the first [[Mass]] in the Hawaiian Islands on [[Bastille Day]], [[July 14]], [[1827]], in honor of their religious order's French heritage. They performed the first baptism on [[November 30]]. The Picpus Fathers were quick to plunge into the Hawaiian society. They learned the local language, went into the [[Native Hawaiians|Native Hawaiian]] community and began preaching to them. They distributed [[Hawaiian language]] [[Bible]]s and taught the lessons of [[Jesus]] from the [[gospel]]s. Hundreds of Native Hawaiians developed a devotion to Christ and the [[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Virgin Mary]] as taught by their kindly Catholic missionaries and chose to receive the [[sacrament]]s of [[baptism]], [[confirmation]] and [[Eucharist]]. Among the first converts were William Pitt [[Kalanimoku]] who was baptized aboard the French vessel L'Uranie by Abbe de Quelen which arrived in 1819, four months after the death of [[Kamehameha the Great]]. Also the royal governors of [[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]], [[Boki]] and [[Liliha]]. They would both become pivotal members of the Catholic underground. ==Persecution== [[Christian]] [[missionary|missionaries]] were influential in shaping the modern society of the kingdom after the deaths of [[Kamehameha the Great|Kamehameha]] and [[Kamehameha II]]. The missionaries, largely [[Congregational church|Congregationalists]] from [[New England]], baptized the [[queen regent]] [[Kaahumanu|Ka{{okina}}ahumanu]] and persuaded her to create religious policy favoring the suppression of the Catholic Church in Hawai{{okina}}i. [[Kamehameha III]] agreed and enacted its expulsion from the kingdom. Fathers Bachelot and Short were forcibly boarded onto the brig ''Waverly'' by the chiefs loyal to Ka{{okina}}ahumanu and they left Honolulu Harbor on [[December 24]], [[1831]]. They landed off the coast of California and worked in the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles|California Missions]] near the present-day [[Los Angeles, California|City of Los Angeles]]. Native Hawaiian converts of the Catholic Church claimed to have been imprisoned, beaten and tortured after the physical expulsion of their missionary priests. The persecution was prescribed, according to the [[Bishop Museum]], by the [[Protestant]] ministers claiming that such treatment was ordained by [[God]]. [[John Downes|Commodore John Downes]] of the [[United States Navy]] [[frigate]] ''[[USS Potomac (1822)|USS Potomac]]'' expressed American disappointment of the king's decision resulting in the brief end of physical harm for the converts. In [[1835]], both the vicar apostolic (Rouchouze) and prefect apostolic (Bachelot) working from Valparaíso dispatched [[Columba Murphy]], a religious brother from [[Ireland]] affiliated with the Picpus Fathers, to evaluate the situation in the Hawaiian Islands. While other Picpus Fathers were denied entry into the kingdom, the king permitted Murphy to disembark from his ship due to his investigative role and the fact that Murphy, a mere brother, could not minister the sacraments. On [[September 30]], [[1836]], [[Arsenius Walsh]], a Picpus Father, arrived in Honolulu to continue Murphy's work. Murphy had left earlier to report back to his superiors. The royal government refused Walsh's entry. However, the captain of the [[French Navy]] [[ship]] ''La Bonite'' persuaded the king to allow Walsh to stay. The royal government agreed to permit the Picpus Fathers to work freely in the Hawaiian Islands as long as they only attended to foreign Catholics, not Native Hawaiians. On [[April 17]], [[1837]], Fathers Bachelot and Short returned to Honolulu thinking the deal made with Father Walsh would apply to them. On [[April 30]], the royal government forced them back onto their ship. The American and British [[Consul]]s compelled the king to allow Bachelot and Short to disembark. As a result, the captains of [[Royal Navy|British Navy]] and French Navy [[Ship|vessels]] escorted Bachelot and Short into Honolulu. Short would leave the Hawaiian Islands again in October. [[France]], which claimed to be a defender of the Catholic Church, dispatched the French Navy frigate ''Artemise'' which sailed into [[Honolulu Harbor]] on [[July 10]], [[1839]]. [[Cyrille-Pierre-Théodore Laplace|Captain Cyrille-Pierre-Théodore Laplace]] was ordered by his government to: {{cquote|''Destroy the malevolent impression which you find established to the detriment of the French name; to rectify the erroneous opinion which has been created as to the power of France; and to make it well understood that it would be to the advantage of the chiefs of those islands of the Ocean to conduct themselves in such a manner as not to incur the wrath of France. You will exact, if necessary with all the force that is yours to use, complete reparation for the wrongs which have been committed, and you will not quit those places until you have left in all minds a solid and lasting impression.''}} Fearing an assault on his kingdom for the religious persecution, Kamehameha III issued the [[Edict of Toleration]] on [[June 17]], [[1839]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-79296/Hawaii | title=Encyclopedia Britannica article on Hawaii| format=html| accessdate=2007-04-03}}</ref> A major disappointment for the Protestant ministers, Catholics became free to worship in the kingdom with the proclamation: {{cquote|''That the Catholic worship be declared free, throughout all the dominions subject to the king of the Sandwich Islands; the members of this religious faith shall enjoy in them the privileges granted to Protestants.''}} As an act of reconciliation, Kamehameha III donated land to the Catholic Church in Hawai{{okina}}i for the construction of their first permanent church. ==Foundation== [[Image:Rouchouze_Episcopal_Crest.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Bishop Etienne Jerome Rouchouze was the Vicar Apostolic of Oriental Oceania that included the Hawaiian Islands. His crest adorns a stained glass window in the cathedral.]] Shortly after the Laplace incident and the issuance of the Edict of Toleration, [[Etienne Jerome Rouchouze|Msgr. Etienne Rouchouze]], Vicar Apostolic of Oriental Oceania, moved to Honolulu from Valparaíso, Chile. The bishop disembarked from his ship at Honolulu Harbor in the company of three Picpus Fathers. One of them was the earlier exiled Louis Désiré Maigret. Their arrival officially signified the Catholic victory over persecution in the Hawaiian Islands and the beginning of a permanent Catholic Church in Hawai{{okina}}i. The first permanent church broke ground on the [[Calendar of saints|memorial feast]] of Our Lady of Peace on [[July 9]], [[1840]]. Our Lady of Peace had been the patroness of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary since the turmoil of the French Revolution. Fathers Armand, Bachelot and Short had consecrated the Hawaiian Islands under the protection of Our Lady of Peace when they first arrived. During the groundbreaking Mass, 280 Native Hawaiian catechumens received baptism and confirmation. For the rest of the year, devotees harvested large blocks of coral off the southern coastline of O{{okina}}ahu to build what would become the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace. On the various neighbor islands, Bishop Rouchouze commissioned the construction of other permanent churches to serve as parish missions. They also started building makeshift [[school]]s to teach in the Catholic traditions of [[academia]]. A [[printing press]] was brought into Honolulu for the production of Catholic literature including missals and hymnals written in the Hawaiian language. In January [[1842]], an excited Bishop Rouchouze, pleased with the success of his work, decided to sail back to the Paris home of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in order to recruit more Picpus Fathers and religious brothers to serve in the growing Catholic Church in Hawai{{okina}}i. Tragically, Bishop Rouchouze was lost at sea during his voyage back to the Hawaiian Islands. His vicar general took charge of the Vicariate Apostolic of Oriental Oceania while a search party was dispatched. Years later, the search was officially ended and Bishop Rouchouze was declared deceased. ==Vicariate Apostolic== Through the period that began with the landing of Fathers Armand, Bachelot and Short to the proclamation of the Edict of Toleration and arrival of Bishop Rouchouze, the Hawaiian Islands were administered as a prefecture within the larger Vicariate Apostolic of Oriental Oceania. Created in [[1833]] by [[Pope Gregory XVI]] and governed from [[South America]], its territories included the [[Marquesas]] and [[Tahiti]]. After the disappearance of Bishop Rouchouze, the three prefectures were elevated into independent vicariates apostolic. Each would be led by their own bishops. ====Maigret==== The Vicariate Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands was established and on [[July 11]], [[1847]], [[Pope Pius IX|Blessed Pius IX]] appointed [[Louis Maigret|Louis Désiré Maigret]] as the succeeding prelate to the late Msgr. Rouchouze. The new vicar apostolic was consecrated in Chile as the titular bishop of Arathia and quickly attended to the needs of the fledgling Catholic Church in Hawai{{okina}}i. The name of the see was changed in [[1848]] to the Vicariate Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. Msgr. Maigret completed the construction of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace. He also invited the Sisters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary to open proper Catholic schools. The priests and religious brothers of the [[Society of Mary]] (Marianists) were invited to do the same. Msgr. Maigret died on [[June 11]], [[1882]] and was buried in a [[crypt]] below the sanctuary of the cathedral he built and loved. ====Koeckemann==== [[Image:Koeckemann_Episcopal_Crest.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Bishop Herman Koeckemann was the second Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. His crest and an image of Blessed Damien of Moloka{{okina}}i adorn the cathedral.]] [[Pope Leo XIII]] immediately elevated [[Herman Koeckemann|Bernard Hermann Koeckemann]], a Picpus Father from [[Germany]], as the second Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. He was consecrated as the [[titular bishop]] of [[Olba (ancient city)|Olba]]. During his episcopate, Msgr. Koeckemann saw a wave of new Catholics from the [[exponential growth|exponentially growing]] [[plantation]] laborer population in the Hawaiian Islands. The Catholic Church in Hawai{{okina}}i embraced new parishioners from the [[Philippines]], [[Poland]], [[Portugal]] and [[Spain]] among others. There were so many devout Portuguese members that churches often had to include [[Portuguese language]] Masses. Msgr. Koeckemann also saw the rise of [[leprosy]] cases throughout the kingdom. He oversaw the work of Blessed Damien of Moloka{{okina}}i and [[Mother Marianne Cope|Blessed Marianne Cope]] as they served the ailing lepers residing in an isolated colony on the Makanalua peninsula on the island of [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]]. Both would have causes for canonization opened for them by their respective religious orders. On [[February 22]], [[1892]], Msgr. Koeckemann died and was buried at the [[Honolulu Catholic Cemetery]]. ====Ropert==== [[Image:Ropert_Episcopal_Crest.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Bishop Gulstan Francis Ropert was the third Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. His crest adorns the cathedral.]] It took several months before Pope Leo XIII appointed someone to succeed Bishop Koeckemann. On [[June 3]], [[1892]], the pope chose a Picpus Father from France, [[Gulstan Ropert|Gulstan Francis Ropert]] to become the third Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. He was consecrated as titular bishop of Panopolis. It was during his reign that the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i was embroiled in revolution. American businessmen plotted to overthrow the peaceably reigning Queen of Hawai{{okina}}i. [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marines]] marched towards [[Iolani Palace|{{okina}}Iolani Palace]], a neighbor of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace, and arrested [[Liliuokalani|Queen Lili{{okina}}uokalani]]. A [[Provisional Government of Hawaii|provisional government]] was proclaimed before a [[republic]] was established. Msgr. Ropert received pleas by his Native Hawaiian followers to defend Lili{{okina}}uokalani, being tried by a [[Judge Advocate General's Corps|military court]] for [[treason]] against the newly created government. Unfortunately, there wasn't much Msgr. Ropert could do. He would become the sole bishop of a new [[Republic of Hawaii|Republic of Hawai{{okina}}i]]. Msgr. Ropert also was responsible for the spiritual needs of local families whose children were sent overseas to fight in the [[Spanish-American War]]. He also consoled Filipinos whose families were lost in the [[Philippine-American War]]. Later in his reign, the Hawaiian Islands became a territory of the United States becoming the first bishop of the [[Territory of Hawaii|Territory of Hawai{{okina}}i]]. Msgr. Ropert died on [[January 4]], [[1903]] and was buried in Honolulu Catholic Cemetery. ====Boeynaems==== [[Image:Boeynaems Crest Honolulu.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Bishop Libert Hubert John Louis Boeynaems was the fourth Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands and led during World War I. His crest adorns the cathedral.]] Again it would take several months before [[Pope Leo XIII]] appointed someone to succeed the episcopacy in the Hawaiian Islands. On [[April 8]], [[1903]], the pope appointed a Picpus Father from [[Antwerp]] in [[Belgium]], [[Libert H. Boeynaems|Libert Hubert John Louis Boeynaems]] to become the fourth Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. He was consecrated titular bishop of Zeugma. During his reign, Msgr. Boeynaems observed many of his faithful being sent to fight in [[Europe]] during [[World War I]]. He also oversaw the increasing militarization of the Hawaiian Islands. The entire coastline of the island of O{{okina}}ahu was fortified and several United States military bases were established, including: [[Fort Shafter]], [[Pearl Harbor]] and [[Schofield Barracks]]. With the absence of an established [[Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services|military ordinariate]] in the United States, Msgr. Boeynaems ministered to Catholic service members. After a period of illness, Msgr. Boeynaems died on [[May 13]], [[1926]], and was buried in Honolulu Catholic Cemetery. ====Alencastre==== When Msgr. Boeynaems became ill, [[Pope Pius XI]] elevated the first person to have grown up in the Hawaiian Islands to become a vicar apostolic. The pope appointed [[Stephen Alencastre|Stephen Peter Alencastre]], a Picpus Father born in [[Portugal]] who was brought as an infant to the Hawaiian Islands with his family to live. Msgr. Alencastre was raised and educated in Hawai{{okina}}i, living on the various islands. He subsequently graduated from Saint Louis College and was accepted into the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts. He was ordained to the priesthood and educated in Europe by the Picpus Fathers, earning a doctorate in sacred theology. He was later appointed and consecrated as coadjutor vicar apostolic and [[titular bishop of Arabissus]] to assist the ailing Msgr. Boeynaems, suffering in [[hospital]]. Upon Msgr. Boeynaems' death, Msgr. Alencastre succeeded as the fifth and final Vicar Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands. Seeing a need for new locally trained priests, Msgr. Alencastre established Saint Stephen's Seminary in Kalihi Valley, named after his personal patron saint. He also oversaw the renovation of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace, modernizing it in time for the centennial celebration of the Catholic Church in Hawai{{okina}}i in [[1927]]. He died aboard a ship en route from Los Angeles on [[November 9]], [[1940]]. ==Diocese== Msgr. Alencastre's premonition that the vicariate would be elevated to diocesan status was fulfilled earlier than expected. Upon his death, [[Pope Pius XII|Venerable Pius XII]] decided that the Hawaiian Islands no longer needed a missionary church. Rather, its flourishing Catholic community was mature enough to be administered as a fully independent body of its own. The pope canonically erected the new Diocese of Honolulu on [[January 25]], [[1941]]. ====Sweeney==== [[Image:Honolulu Catholic Cemetery 9.jpg|200px|thumb|right|An iron cross at the [[Honolulu Catholic Cemetery]] marks the burial site of the bishops of the Hawaiian Islands.]] After several months of consideration, the Pope looked outside of the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary for a successor to the last vicar apostolic. Pope Pius XII appointed a diocesan priest of the Archdiocese of San Francisco, [[James Joseph Sweeney]] as the first Bishop of Honolulu on [[May 20]], [[1941]]; Msgr. Sweeney was subsequently ordained to the episcopate on [[July 25]], [[1941]] in the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Assumption in [[San Francisco, California]]. Msgr. Sweeney's first few months in episcopacy happened in the advent of a most tragic event in Hawai{{okina}}i. On [[December 7]], Japanese imperial forces bombed Pearl Harbor and scraped metropolitan Honolulu. Hundreds of military and civilians died. Explosions were heard around downtown Honolulu and near the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace. Msgr. Sweeney shepherded the diocese throughout [[World War II]]. [[Pope John XXIII|Blessed John XXIII]] opened the [[Second Vatican Council]] on [[October 11]], [[1962]], and Msgr. Sweeney was a council father, one of a many prelates from the United States to attend the sessions. Inspired by the reforms agreed upon in [[Rome]], he enacted major changes to the liturgy in the Diocese of Honolulu. One of his actions was to renovate the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in keeping with the newly promulgated Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy. Soon all parishes offered Mass primarily in the [[English language|vernacular]] in place of [[Latin language|Latin]] and altars were built facing the congregation instead of the sanctuary wall. Slowly, other languages were incorporated into the Mass including the Hawaiian language. Msgr. Sweeney also invited the [[Society of Mary (Marists)|Marist Fathers and Brothers]] to staff several parishes on the islands of O{{okina}}ahu and Kaua{{okina}}i. Msgr. Sweeney fell ill and could not perform his duties with full vigor. His request for an auxiliary bishop was granted. Years later, Msgr. Sweeney died on his birthday on [[June 19]], [[1968]]. He was buried in [[Colma, California|Colma]] near San Francisco, where he spent his early years as a priest. ====Scanlan==== [[Pope Paul VI]] appointed [[John Joseph Scanlan]], the diocese's auxiliary bishop and apostolic administrator as its second ordinary on [[March 6]], [[1968]]. A San Francisco archdiocesan priest from [[County Cork]] in [[Ireland]], Msgr. Scanlan witnessed the growth of a young state of Hawai{{okina}}i. He was maintained cordial relations with the Catholic [[Governor of Hawaii|Governor of Hawai{{okina}}i]], [[John A. Burns]] even when the Hawai{{okina}}i legislature passed a bill permitting abortion on demand and Governor Burns allowed the bill to become law without his signature. Scanlan was also remembered for his invitation of several religious orders to establish themselves in the Hawaiian Islands. Among such groups were the [[Society of Jesus]], the [[Christian Brothers of Ireland]], the [[Religious of the Virgin Mary]], and the [[Dominican Sisters]] of [[Iloilo]]. The Jesuits primarily minister to the students of the [[University of Hawaii at Manoa|University of Hawai{{okina}}i at Mānoa]]. In [[1977]], Msgr. Scanlan served as the principal consecrator of Father Joseph Ferrario as auxiliary bishop. His age was beginning to affect his work. Feeling the pressures of being 75 years old, Msgr. Scanlan chose to [[retire]] on [[June 30]], [[1981]]. He died on [[January 31]], [[1997]] at Nazareth House in [[San Rafael, California|San Rafael]], a [[retirement home]] for priests and religious. His funeral was held at the metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption and later at the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu. Bishop Scanlan, a father of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, had the honor of being buried beside Bishop Maigret, a father of the First Vatican Ecumenical Council, in a crypt under the sanctuary of the Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace. ====Ferrario==== [[Pope John Paul II]] appointed the diocese's auxiliary bishop [[Joseph Anthony Ferrario]], a former Sulpcian educator and diocesan priest, as the third Bishop of Honolulu on [[May 13]], [[1982]]. Bishop Ferrario was known for his proactive ministry to [[gay]], [[lesbian]], [[bisexuality|bisexual]] and [[transgender]] persons in the diocese. He also served on a gubernatorial commission to fight [[AIDS]] and [[HIV]]. He also supported legislation to end discrimination on the basis of [[sexual orientation]]. Conservative Catholics called for Ferrario's resignation. In [[1989]], Msgr. Ferrario became the first bishop to be publicly accused of sexual misconduct in the United States. The [[Hawaii State Judiciary|Supreme Court of Hawai{{okina}}i]] ruled that a [[statute of limitation]] effectively prevented his prosecution. Msgr. Ferrario maintained his innocence for the rest of his life. Msgr. Ferrario's harshest critics were the ultra-conservative followers of the Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre's Priestly Society of Saint Pius X. Msgr. Ferrario, through his judicial vicar, Father [[Joseph Bukoski, III|Joseph Bukoski, J.C.L.,]] issued a canonical decree of [[excommunicate|excommunication]] to six individuals in [[1991]]. [[Pope Benedict XVI|Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger]] as [[Prefect]] of the [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]] later reversed Msgr. Ferrario's action. In [[1992]], Reverend [[Arthur O’Brien]], a priest incardinated by Msgr. Ferrario into the diocesan [[presbyterium]] was convicted of [[sexual assault]] at a Maui parish. Msgr. Ferrario subsequently retired on [[October 12]], [[1993]], citing poor health. Even in retirement, Bishop Ferrario kept a vigorous schedule to raise money for Catholic education in the Hawaiian Islands through the Augustine Educational Foundation. He was remembered for his compassion for the poor children in the Diocese of Honolulu. Bishop Ferrario died on [[December 12]], [[2003]] from heart failure. He was buried in Hawaiian Memorial Park Cemetery. ====DiLorenzo==== Upon Msgr. Ferrario's announcement of his retirement, the Vatican had appointed [[Francis X. DiLorenzo|Msgr. Francis DiLorenzo]], auxiliary bishop of [[Scranton, Pennsylvania|Scranton]] as [[Apostolic Administrator|Apostolic Administrator of Honolulu]]. Later, on [[November 29]], [[1994]], Pope John Paul II, appointed Msgr. DiLorenzo as the fourth Bishop of Honolulu. Msgr. DiLorenzo spoke forcefully on the Catholic Church's positions on birth control, abortion, marriage, homosexuality, and clerical sexual abuse. He created a zero-tolerance policy on clerical sexual abuse, evident in his canonical dismissal of Reverend [[Joseph Bukoski, III]], SS.CC., as pastor of [[Maria Lanakila Catholic Church]] in [[Lahaina]]. Msgr. DiLorenzo also permanently retired convicted [[pedophile]], Reverend [[Arthur O’Brien]] from priestly ministry. The Vatican later appointed Msgr. DiLorenzo as ordinary of the See of [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]] upon the announcement of the retirement of Richmond bishop [[Walter Francis Sullivan]]. Msgr. DiLorenzo assumed leadership of the Diocese of Richmond upon installation on [[May 24]], [[2004]]. With the departure of Msgr. DiLorenzo, the diocesan college of consultors in accordance with the [[Code of Canon Law]], on [[May 28]] [[2004]], elected from their peers [[Thomas L. Gross|Father Thomas L. Gross]] as temporary diocesan administrator. He also served on the committee that screened candidates for the post of Bishop of Honolulu. On [[February 1]], [[2006]], [[Marc R. Alexander|Father Marc R. Alexander]] became diocesan administrator. ====Silva==== [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appointed [[Clarence Richard Silva]], the first native-born person in the episcopacy of the Hawaiian Islands to become a Bishop of Honolulu on [[May 17]], [[2005]]. He also became the second person of Portuguese ancestry in the episcopate since the Msgr. Stephen Peter Alencastre, SS.CC. Formerly the Vicar General of the Diocese of Oakland, Silva was ordained to the episcopate and installed as bishop at the [[Neal S. Blaisdell Center]] [[Arena]] on [[July 21]]. Over 3,500 were in attendance, making it one of the largest events held by the Diocese of Honolulu in its history. The principal consecrator was [[William Joseph Levada]], Archbishop of San Francisco and newly-appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. The ordination and installation ceremony was the last official ceremonial function as metropolitan bishop over the Province of San Francisco for Levada; other non-ceremonial functions would continue until his official departure from office. Also in attendance were [[Gabriel Montalvo Higuera]], [[Archbishop Apostolic Nuncio to the United States]], and [[Anthony Apuron]], [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Agana|Archbishop of Agana]]. Although scheduled to attend the episcopal ordination, [[Roger Cardinal Mahony]], [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles|Archbishop of Los Angeles]], was unable to be present due to unforeseen airplane problems at Los Angeles International Airport. ==Sex Abuse Scandal== * Reverend [[Arthur O’Brien]], formerly of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington, DC]], was incardinated into the [[Presbyterium|presbytery]] of the Honolulu diocese by Bishop [[Joseph Anthony Ferrario]], only to be convicted in 1992 of one count of sexual assault on a 10-year-old boy. Father O’Brien entered into a [[plea bargain]] with the prosecutor. The subsequent suggestion of the prosecutor that Father O’Brien's conviction be erased--which was a condition of the plea bargain--was rejected by the judge. He was permanently retired from clerical ministry by Bishop [[Francis X. DiLorenzo]] in [[1994]]. * In [[1991]], Bishop Ferrario became newsworthy for his decree of [[excommunication]] (issued through Father [[Joseph Bukoski, III]], the judicial vicar of his [[tribunal]]) for six of his critics and their supporters affiliated with the [[Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X]]. The action was later overruled by the [[Holy See|Vatican]]. * Reverend [[Mark Matson (priest)]], C.R., former chaplain at [[Tripler Army Medical Center]] and a member of the [[Theatines|Congregation of Clerks Regular of the Divine Providence]], was convicted in Honolulu on [[March 8]], [[2000]], of molesting a 13-year-old boy at Maunalua Bay Beach Park on [[August 5]], [[1998]]. At the time of his arrest, Father Matson was not affiliated with the Diocese of Honolulu and was living in the Hawai‘i Kai neighborhood of Portlock. He is now serving a 20-year prison term at the Halawa Correctional Facility on O‘ahu. * Reverend [[Joseph Bukoski, III]], SS.CC., [[Honolulu, Hawaii]]. Fr. Bukoski is a member of the [[Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary]]. In [[2003]], he was canonically removed as the pastor of [[Maria Lanakila Catholic Church]] in [[Lahaina]] by Bishop [[Francis X. DiLorenzo]] for allegations relating to sexual improprieties some 30 years earlier. Fr. Bukoski issued a written public apology to his victim on [[November 12]], [[2005]]. * Reverend Mr. [[James "Ron" Gonsalves]], [[Wailuku, Hawaii]]. Deacon Gonsalves was the administrator of Saint Ann Roman Catholic Church in Waihee, Maui. On [[May 17]], [[2006]], he plead guilty to various counts of sexual assault on a 12-year-old male. Bishop [[Clarence Richard Silva]] has permanently withdrawn his faculties and has initiated laicization proceedings against Deacon Gonsalves. ==Special Anniversaries of Significance to the Diocese== [[Image:Gerald Farinas Our Lady of Peace in Honolulu.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Our Lady of Peace, the diocesan patroness, is honored on July 9 and August 15.]] *[[January 23]] - Memorial, Blessed Marianne Cope, religious ([[2005]]) *[[January 25]] - Anniversary of the Canonical Erection by Pope Pius XII of the Catholic Diocese of Honolulu ([[1941]]) *[[May 10]] - Memorial, Blessed Damien of Moloka{{okina}}i, religious ([[1995]]) *[[May 17]] - Anniversary of the Appointment of Clarence Richard Silva, Vicar General of the Diocese of Oakland, as Fifth Bishop of Honolulu ([[2005]]) *[[July 9]] - Memorial, Blessed Virgin Mary under the Title, Queen of Peace *[[July 21]] - Anniversary of the Ordination to the Episcopate and Installation of Clarence Richard Silva as Fifth Bishop of Honolulu ([[2005]]) *[[July 28]] - Anniversary of Dedication of the Co-Cathedral of Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus, Honolulu ([[1985]]) *[[August 15]] - Anniversary of Dedication of the Cathedral of Our Lady, Queen of Peace, Honolulu ([[1843]]) ==Presbyterium and Permanent Diaconate== See, [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu - Clergy|Catholic Clergy of Honolulu]] ==Parishes== See, [[List of parishes of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu]]. ==High Schools== * [[Damien Memorial School]], Honolulu * [[Maryknoll School]], Honolulu * [[Sacred Hearts Academy]], Honolulu * [[Saint Francis School]], Honolulu * [[Saint Louis School]], Honolulu * [[St. Anthony High School (Wailuku, Hawaii)|St. Anthony High School]], Wailuku * [[St. Joseph Junior/Senior High School]], Hilo ==Necrology of Clerics in the Honolulu See== See, [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu - Necrology|Necrology of Clerics in the See of Honolulu]] == References == <div class="references-small"> <references /> </div> ==See also== *[[Eastern Catholic Community in Hawaii|Eastern Catholic Community in Hawai{{okina}}i]] *[[Episcopal Diocese of Hawaii|Episcopal Diocese of Hawai{{okina}}i]] *[[Hawaii Catholic Herald|Hawai{{okina}}i Catholic Herald]] *[[Hawaii Reformed Catholic Church|Hawai{{okina}}i Reformed Catholic Church]] *[[List of the Roman Catholic bishops of Honolulu]] *[[List of the Roman Catholic bishops of the United States]] *[[List of the Roman Catholic cathedrals of the United States]] *[[List of the Roman Catholic dioceses of the United States]] *[[Roman Catholic sex abuse cases]] ==Sources== *[http://www.sfarchdiocese.org Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco] *[http://www.catholichawaii.com/ Catholic Diocese of Honolulu] *[http://cathedralofourladyofpeace.com/default.htm Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace] *[http://www.hawaiihistory.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&PageID=284&returntoname=Short%20Stories&returntopageid=483 French in Hawai{{okina}}i by Hawai{{okina}}i History] *[http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/COAN/VIII.html Life in Hawai{{okina}}i by Titus Coan] *[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missions_catholiques_au_XIXe_et_au_XXe_si%C3%A8cles Catholic Missions in the 19th and 20th Century (in French)] [[Category:Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu|Catholic Diocese of Honolulu]] [[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal]] [[Category:Religious organizations established in 1941]] [[it:Diocesi di Honolulu]]