Roraima 315037 223390807 2008-07-03T21:42:30Z Lightbot 7178666 Units/dates/other {{Infobox Brazilian State |name = State of Roraima |image_flag = Bandeira de Roraima.svg |image_coat = Brasão de Roraima.jpg |motto = |anthem = |image_map = Brazil State Roraima.svg |capital = [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]] |latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW= |largest_city = [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]] |demonym = Roraimense |leader_name1 = |leader_name2 = José de Anchieta Júnior |area = 224,298.98 |area_magnitude = 1 E11 |area_rank = 14th |population_estimate = 403,344 |population_estimate_rank = 24th |population_estimate_year = 2006 |population_census = 392,255 |population_census_year = 2005 |population_density = 1.8 |population_density_rank = 27th |GDP = R$ 3,179,000,000 |GDP_rank = 27th |GDP_year = 2005 |GDP_per_capita = R$ 8,123 |GDP_per_capita_rank = 14th |HDI = 0.746 |HDI_rank = 13th |HDI_year = 2000 |abbreviation = BR-RR |time_zone = BRT |utc_offset = -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 }} '''Roraima''' ({{pronounced|ʁo.'raj.ma}} or {{IPA2|ʁo.'rãj.ma}}<ref>The presented pronunciation is in [[Brazilian Portuguese]]. The [[European Portuguese]] pronunciation is: /{{IPA|ho.ɾaj.mɐ}}/.</ref>) is the northernmost and least populated [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[Brazil]], located in the [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] region. ==Geography== [[Image:Tepequém.jpg|thumb|left|Tepequém, in Roraima.]] [[Image:Mt Kukenan from Mt Roraima in Guyana HighLand 001.JPG|thumb|left|Photo of Monte Kukenan, view of Monte Roraima.]] The climate is tropical with an annual mean temperature of 26°C (78.8°F). Most of the state is located in the [[Amazon rainforest]], with a small strip of [[savanna]] to the east. The state is rich in mineral deposits - especially [[gold]], [[diamond]]s, [[cassiterite]], [[bauxite]], [[marble]] and [[copper]]. These create constant conflicts with the native population, of which the [[Yanomami]] are the best known, although they are significantly out-numbered by the [[Macuxi]]. The [[Monte Roraima National Park]] is located around one of the highest mountains of Venezuela, the 2,727 m high [[Tepui]] [[Monte Roraima]]. The state also contains the highest peaks in Brazil, [[Pico da Nebelina]] and [[Pico 31 de Março]], which contain a unique [[heathland]] vegetation on the very poor sandy soils in a climate too cool for tropical rainforest. ===Climate=== [[Image:Ultra-leve sobre o Rio Branco.JPG|thumb|right|White River in Roraima.]] Except in the higher mountains where the climate is cooler but very wet, Roraima has an [[equatorial climate]]. This is a type of [[tropical climate]] in which there is no [[dry season]] – all months have mean [[precipitation]] values of at least 60mm. It is usually found at [[latitude]]s within five degrees of the [[equator]] – which are dominated by the [[Intertropical Convergence Zone]]. The equatorial climate is denoted ''Af'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]. [[Tropical rainforest]] is the natural vegetation in equatorial regions. ===Vegetation=== The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining [[rainforest]]s and comprises the largest and most species-rich tract of [[tropical rainforest]] in the [[world]]. Wet tropical forests are the most species-rich [[biome]], and tropical forests in the [[Americas]] are consistently more species rich than the wet forests in [[Africa]] and [[Asia]].<ref name ="Turner 2001">Turner, I.M. 2001. ''The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest''. [[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-80183-4</ref> As the largest tract of tropical rainforest in the Americas, the Amazonian rainforests have unparalleled [[biodiversity]]. More than 1/3 of all species in the world live in the Amazon Rainforest.<ref>[http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildplaces/amazon/index.cfm Amazon Rainforest, Amazon Plants, Amazon River Animals]</ref> ==History== [[Image:Boa Vista antiga 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Boa Vista, Roraima]] in 1924.]] {{main|History of Roraima}} Since the beginnings of 16th century, the region now considered the state of Roraima was disputed territory, because of its rich [[mineral]] reserves. It was sought by the [[Spain|Spanish]], [[Portugal|Portuguese]], [[Netherlands|Dutch]] and [[England|English]] until the beginning of the last century. But in 1943, together with a section from the state of [[Amazonas]], the [[Federal Government]] created the territory of [[Branco River]], which became Roraima later in 1962. In 1988, Roraima became a state by decision of the [[National Congress]]. The name of the state was taken from [[Monte Roraima]], whose name comes from the [[Pemon]] words “roroi” (“cyan”) and “ma” (“large”). ==Demographics== [[Image:Orla Taumanan.JPG|thumb|Orla Taumanan in [[Boa Vista, Roraima]].]] According to the [[IBGE]] of 2007, there were 405,000 people residing in the state. The population density was 1.8 inh./km². [[Urbanization]]: 80.3% (2004); [[Population growth]]: 4.6% (1991-2000); [[House]]s: 97,465 (2005).<ref>Source: PNAD.</ref> The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 278,000 [[Pardo|Brown]] (mixed) people (68.8%), 81,000 [[White Brazilian|White]] people (20.0%), 29,000 [[Afro-Brazilian|Black]] people (7.4%), 15,000 [[Asian Brazilian|Asian]] or [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|Amerindian]] people (3.8%).<ref>{{cite book|url=ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Indicadores_Sociais/Sintese_de_Indicadores_Sociais_2007/Tabelas|title=Síntese de Indicadores Sociais 2007|publisher=[[IBGE]]|location=Roraima, Brazil|format=PDF|isbn=85-240-3919-1|accessdate=2007-07-18|year=2007|language=Portuguese}}</ref> ==Interesting facts== [[Vehicles]]: 74,181 (March/2007); [[Mobile phone]]s: 148,000 (April/2007); [[Telephone]]s: 67,000 (April/2007); [[Cities]]: 15 (2007).<ref>Source: [[IBGE]].</ref> ==Economy== The [[service sector]] is the largest component of [[GDP]] at 87.5%, followed by the [[industrial sector]] at 8.7%. [[Agriculture]] represents 3.8%, of [[GDP]] (2004). Roraima exports: [[wood]] 74%, [[leather]] 22.6% (2002). Share of the Brazilian economy: 0.1% (2005). ==Education== [[Image:UFRR placa.jpg|thumb|right|Federal University of Roraima.]] [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] are part of the official [[high school]] curriculum. ===Educational institutions=== * Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) (Federal University of Roraima); * Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Roraima (Cefet-RR); * Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Biológicas e da Saúde (FCHBS); * Faculdade de Teologia de Boa Vista (Fatebov); * Faculdade Roraimense de Ensino Superior (Fares); * Faculdades Cathedral - Boa Vista (Cathedral-Boa Vista); * and many others. == Infrastructure == ===International Airport=== [[Boa Vista International Airport]] was opened on [[February 19]], [[1973]], and underwent its first big remodeling in 1998. The passenger terminal, runway and apron were all enlarged, and a separate [[taxiway]] was built. The [[airport]] has capacity to receive 675,000 [[passenger]]s a year in total [[comfort]] and [[security]]. ===Highways=== [[Image:Imagem 049.JPG|thumb|Br-174, [[Boa Vista, Roraima|Boa Vista]]-[[Venezuela]].]] *BR-174; *BR-210; *BR-431; *BR-432; *BR-410; *RR-171; *RR-175; *RR-202; *RR-203. ==Flag== The blue of the flag represents the pure air and the sky of Roraima, the white strip symbolizes peace, and the green to the right represents the forests and fields. The star - symbolizing the state in the national flag of Brazil - is yellow, which symbolizes the mineral resources of the state. The red line in bottom stands for the [[equator]], which cuts through the state. The flag was designed by the artist Mário Barreto, and was adopted by Law No.133 of [[June 14]], [[1996]]. ==References== {{reflist}} ==See also== {{sisterlinks|Roraima}} *{{en icon}} [[Brazil]] *{{pt icon}} [http://www.rr.gov.br Official Website] *{{en icon}} [http://www.braziltour.com/site/gb/home/index.php Brazilian Tourism Portal] *The similarly spelled ''Roraimia is also the [[genus|generic]] name for the [[Roraiman Barbtail]], a South American bird. {{Brazil topics}} {{Demographics of Brazil}} {{States_of_Brazil}} [[Category:States of Brazil]] [[Category:Roraima| ]] [[ar:رورايما]] [[ast:Roraima]] [[br:Roraima]] [[bg:Рорайма]] [[ca:Roraima]] [[de:Roraima]] [[et:Roraima]] [[es:Roraima]] [[eo:Rorajmo]] [[eu:Roraima]] [[fr:Roraima]] [[ga:Roraima]] [[gl:Roraima]] [[ko:호라이마 주]] [[io:Roraima]] [[bpy:রোরাইমা]] [[id:Roraima]] [[is:Roraima]] [[it:Roraima]] [[he:רוריימה]] [[ka:რორაიმა]] [[kw:Roraima]] [[lv:Roraima]] [[nl:Roraima (staat)]] [[ja:ロライマ州]] [[no:Roraima]] [[nn:Roraima]] [[oc:Roraima]] [[pms:Roraima]] [[pl:Roraima (stan)]] [[pt:Roraima]] [[ro:Roraima]] [[ru:Рорайма]] [[simple:Roraima]] [[sr:Рорајма]] [[sh:Roraima]] [[fi:Roraima]] [[sv:Roraima]] [[tg:Рорайма]] [[uk:Рорайма]] [[vo:Roraima]] [[zh:羅賴馬州]]