Rosariazo
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2008-06-30T20:11:22Z
82.13.13.52
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[[Image:Rosariazo 2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A protest picket]]
[[Image:Rosariazo 4.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Police in downtown Rosario]]
The '''Rosariazo''' was a [[protest]] movement that consisted in
[[Demonstration (people)|demonstrations]] and [[Strike action|strike]]s, in [[Rosario]], {{province|Santa Fe|Argentina}}, between May and September [[1969]], during the military [[dictatorship|dictatorial]] rule of ''de facto'' [[President of Argentina|President]] General [[Juan Carlos Onganía]]. The Rosariazo was caused by events in other parts of Argentina, and in turn triggered similar protests itself.
There was a general climate of unrest caused by social injustice in the country. On [[13 May]] [[1969]], in [[Tucumán]], former workers of a [[sugar]] mill took the factory and its manager as hostage, asking for overdue payments. On [[14 May]], in [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], automobile industry workers protested the elimination of the Saturday rest. On [[15 May]] the University of [[Corrientes]] increased the price of food tickets in its cafeteria fivefold, and the ensuing protest ended up with one student, Juan José Cabral, killed by the police.
==First Rosariazo==
[[Image:Facultad de Medicina Rosario 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Faculty of Medicine of the UNR]]
On [[16 May]] 1969 the students of the Faculty of Medicine of the [[Universidad Nacional de Rosario]] expressed their rejection of such actions; other faculties joined them. The [[rector]] suspended university activities until next Monday. The next day a protest started at the cafeteria of the UNR. The police suffocated a demonstration and killed student Adolfo Bello. The [[Confederación General del Trabajo de la República Argentina|CGT labour union]] called for an "status of alert", and Bello's murder was denounced by the public.
On [[20 May]] the students of Rosario announced a national strike (similar protests took place in other provinces). On [[21 May]] university student groups and secondary school students, along with the CGT, organized a silent march, which gathered 4,000 people. The police sent to suffocate the protest had to retreat, but killed the 15-year-old student Luis Blanco. This was later known as the first Rosariazo. From that evening the city was declared an emergency zone under military jurisdiction. A massive worker strike was declared on [[23 May]] in [[Rosario]] and the nearby [[Industrial Corridor]]. Blanco's funeral was attended by more than 7,000 people.
On [[29 May]] there was a general strike in the city of Córdoba, which brought police repression and a civil [[uprising]], an episode later termed the ''[[Cordobazo]]''. The next day the CGT called for national strike.
The [[May Revolution]] commemoration on [[25 May]] was marked by the refusal of many [[priest]]s to celebrate the traditional ''[[Te Deum]]'' in Rosario and nearby towns. In the celebration of the National Flag Day ([[20 June]]), President Onganía customarily visited Rosario and was declared ''[[persona non grata]]''.
==Second Rosariazo==
After a few months of relative calm, Rosario university students started a series of protests and homages commemorating the victims of state repression on [[7 September]] [[1969]].
Upon the suspension of a railroad labour union deputy, Mario Horat, the railroad workers of Rosario went on strike on [[8 September]]; on [[12 September]] the union declared a nationwide indefinite strike. The government enlisted the military for repression. Several factories were occupied in Córdoba, and there was a massive uprising in [[Cipolletti]], [[Río Negro Province|Río Negro]].
On [[15 September]] the CGT of Rosario declared a strike, and on the morning of the next day the workers marched on the city. Fight and repression filled the city; estimates vary between 100 and 250 thousand took part in the protests, which were termed the Second Rosariazo (or Proletarian Rosariazo). The workers converged on the seat of the CGT and were joined by students, who had previously gathered at the faculties.
[[Image:Sede Gobierno Santa Fe en Rosario.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The former Police Headquarters of Rosario, now a delegation of the provincial government]]
The police was slowly overwhelmed by the protesters, who set up [[barricade]]s and re-grouped in many different points. Public transport units were set on fire. Police control was reduced to some important buildings such as the Command Seat of the Second Army Corps, the Police Headquarters, the Tribunals and the major radio stations. The conflict spread to the peripheric ''[[barrio]]s''.
In view of the situation, on [[17 September]] the Army took charge. Among the participants of the repression was Colonel [[Leopoldo Galtieri]] (then to become president, in [[1981]]). The local head of command ordered the soldiers to fire without warning upon the slightest provocation. From this point on, the fight was lost for the protesters; it ended with hundreds dead or wounded, and many arrested.
The power of President Onganía was weakened by the ''Rosariazo'' and the ''Cordobazo'', to the point that the dominant military faction asked him to resign, which he refused to do. He was forced out of office by a military junta on [[8 June]] [[1970]].
==References==
* [http://www.los70.org.ar/n04 Revista Los '70. Nº 4.] ''Entre Mayo y Septiembre. El Rosariazo día por día'' and ''La Rosa Crispada'' (essays, by Leonidas Ceruti y Mirta Sellares, in Spanish)
* [http://argentina.indymedia.org/news/2004/07/207334.php Pictures of the Rosariazo], by photographer Carlos Saldi.
* [http://www.lacapital.com.ar/2003/07/20/Seniales/noticia_20586.shtml Testimonio de los días que conmovieron a Rosario] (interview with Carlos Saldi in [[La Capital]] newspaper).
* [http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horat] Horat Huelga ferroviaria 1969 desencadenante del Rosariazo.(in Spanish)
==See also==
* [[History of Rosario]]
* [[History of Argentina]]
* [[Caracazo]]
* [[Cordobazo]]
* [[Bogotazo]]
[[Category:1969 riots]]
[[Category:History of Argentina]]
[[Category:Riots and civil unrest in Argentina]]
[[Category:Rosario]]
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