Royal S. Copeland 2017029 221044224 2008-06-22T20:27:24Z Thismightbezach 2952359 /* References */ ''For the Canadian football player of the same name see [[Royal Copeland (football player)]].'' {{Infobox_Senator | name = Royal S. Copeland | image name = copeland.jpg | width = 160 | date of birth= {{birth date|1868|11|7|mf=y}} | place of birth= [[Dexter, Michigan]] | date of death= {{death date|1938|6|17|mf=y}} | place of death= [[Washington, D.C.]] | jr/sr and state = Senator, [[New York]] | term = [[March 4]], [[1923]]&ndash;[[June 17]], [[1938]] | preceded = [[William M. Calder]] | succeeded = [[James M. Mead]] | party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] }} '''Royal Samuel Copeland''' ([[November 7]], [[1868]] – [[June 17]], [[1938]]) was an American academic, [[homeopathy|homeopathic]] physician, and [[politician]] who held elected offices in both [[Michigan]] (as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]) and [[New York]] (as a [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]]). He represented New York in the [[United States Senate]] from [[1923]] until [[1938]]. ==Early life and medical career== Born in [[Dexter, Michigan]] to parents Roscoe P. Copeland and Frances J. (Holmes) Copeland, Royal Copeland graduated from the [[Eastern Michigan University|Michigan State Normal College]] (now [[Eastern Michigan University]]) with a bachelor's degree. In 1888, he taught school in Sylvan Township, Michigan. He graduated from the [[University of Michigan]] in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]] with a degree in medicine in 1889. After graduate studies in Europe, Dr. Copeland practiced medicine in [[Bay City, Michigan]], from 1890 to 1895. Copeland was admitted to the Homeopathy Society of Michigan on May 21, 1890, and was made secretary of the society in October 1893. He was a professor of Ophthalmology and Otology in the [[University of Michigan Medical School|University of Michigan Medical School's]] Homeopathic Department from 1895 until 1908. ==Political career in Michigan== During his time as a medical professor in [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]], Copeland was active in municipal politics. He served as [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Mayor of Ann Arbor, Michigan|mayor of Ann Arbor]] from 1901 to 1903, as president of the Ann Arbor Board of Education from 1907 to 1908, and as president of the Ann Arbor Board of Park Commissioners.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} ==Political career in New York== On July 15, 1908, Copeland married Frances Spalding. The same year, Copeland moved to [[New York City]] to take a position as dean at the New York Flower Hospital and Medical College, a position he left in 1918 to serve as President of the New York Board of Health. He gained much positive public attention for keeping New Yorkers calm during the influenza outbreak of 1918.<ref name="Robins">Natalie Robins, Copeland's Cure: Homeopathy and the War Between Conventional and Alternative Medicine. New York: Knopf, 2005, p. 154 & 166. "New York did come out better than any other city in the nation."</ref> In 1922, Copeland ran as a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] for the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]], defeating first-term [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] Senator [[William M. Calder]]. [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] served as his honorary campaign manager for this election.<ref name="Robins" /><ref> ''Copeland's Cure: Homeopathy and the War Between Conventional and Alternative Medicine'' (New York: Knopf, 2005); Robert Dallek, ''Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy, 1932-1945'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 14.</ref> Copeland was re-elected in 1928 over Republican challenger [[Alanson B. Houghton]], the U.S. Ambassador to Britain and a former [[Congressmen|U.S. Congressman]]. Copeland was again re-elected in [[1934]], this time defeating future U.S. Congressman [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000535 E. Harold Cluett]. During his three terms in the U.S. Senate, Copeland served as chairman of the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Rules and Administration]] from 1933 to 1936 and chairman of the Committee on Commerce from 1935 to 1938. Copeland served as primary author and sponsor of the [[Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act]] of 1938, an important consumers right law. Copeland was close to the regular Democratic organization in New York, the boss-led [[Tammany Hall]]. He was a conservative Democrat and not especially supportive of his fellow New Yorker, President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]] policies. Copeland was known for his successful efforts to bring air conditioning to the Senate. In 1937 he lost the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] nomination for [[Mayor of New York City]] to Judge Jeremiah T. Mahoney, and the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nomination to incumbent Republican Mayor [[Fiorello H. LaGuardia]]<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,771942,00.html "Perplexing Primary", TIME Magazine, Monday, September 27, 1937] (free access on [[May 28]], [[2008]].)</ref>. Senator Copeland died in office on June 17, 1938 and was buried at Mahwah Cemetery in [[Mahwah, New Jersey]]. {{start box}} | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Office''' | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Type''' | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Location''' | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Party''' | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Elected''' | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Took Office''' | bgcolor=#cccccc | '''Left Office''' |- | bgcolor=#EEEEAA| [[Mayor of Ann Arbor, Michigan]] | bgcolor=#EEEEAA| [[Executive (government)|Executive]] | bgcolor=#EEEEAA| [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]] | bgcolor=#EEEEAA| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | bgcolor=#EEEEAA| [[1900]] | bgcolor=#EEEEAA| [[March 4]], [[1901]] | bgcolor=#EEEEAA| [[March 3]], [[1903]] |- | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[U.S. Congressional Delegations from New York|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from New York]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Legislature]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Washington, DC]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[1922]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[March 4]], [[1923]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[March 3]], [[1929]] |- | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[U.S. Congressional Delegations from New York|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from New York]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Legislature]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Washington, DC]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[1928]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[March 4]], [[1929]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[March 3]], [[1935]] |- | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[U.S. Congressional Delegations from New York|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from New York]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Legislature]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Washington, DC]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[1934]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[March 4]], [[1935]] | bgcolor=#FFFFAA | [[June 17]], [[1938]] {{end box}} ===Election results=== {{start box}} !bgcolor=#cccccc |Year !bgcolor=#cccccc |Office ! !bgcolor=#cccccc |Subject !bgcolor=#cccccc |Party !bgcolor=#cccccc |Votes !bgcolor=#cccccc |% ! !bgcolor=#cccccc |Opponent !bgcolor=#cccccc |Party !bgcolor=#cccccc |Votes !bgcolor=#cccccc |% |- |[[1922]] |[[U.S. Congressional Delegations from New York|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from New York]] | |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Royal S. Copeland |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |1,276,667 |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |49.5% | |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |[[William M. Calder]] |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |995,421 |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |38.6% |- |[[1928]] |[[U.S. Congressional Delegations from New York|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from New York]] | |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Royal S. Copeland |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |2,084,273 |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |46.7% | |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |[[Alanson B. Houghton]] |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |2,034,014 |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |45.6% |- |[[1934]] |[[U.S. Congressional Delegations from New York|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from New York]] | |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Royal S. Copeland |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |2,046,377 |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |52.0% | |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |[[E. Harold Cluett]] |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |1,363,440 |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |34.7% |- |rowspan="2"|[[1937]] |Democratic nomination for [[Mayor of New York City]] | |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Royal S. Copeland |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |c. 200,000 |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |2/5 | |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |Jeremiah T. Mahoney |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |c. 400,000 |bgcolor=#DDEEFF |3/5 |- |Republican nomination for [[Mayor of New York City]] | |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |Royal S. Copeland |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 | |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 | |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 | 1/3 | |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |[[Fiorello H. LaGuardia]] |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 | |bgcolor=#FFE8E8 | 2/3 |- {{end box}} ==Honors and society memberships== Copeland was a member of several honor societies and fraternal organizations, including the [[Pi Gamma Mu]], international honor society in social sciences, which he served in various positions, [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]], the [[New York Athletic Club]], the National Democratic Club, the [[Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks|Elks]], the [[Freemasons]], the [[Knights Templar]], the [[Shriners]], the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and the [[Sons of the American Revolution]].{{Fact|date=May 2008}} At various times Copeland served as President, Vice President, and Secretary of the Michigan Homeopathic Society; President of the American Ophthalmological, Otological, and Laryngological Society; President American Institute of Homeopathy; Vice President of the American Public Health Association; Member of the National Board of Control of [[Epworth League]]; President of the Michigan Epworth League; member of the Tuberculosis Commission of Michigan; trustee of Michigan State Tuberculosis Sanitarium; and he was elected three times to the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church.{{Fact|date=May 2008}} == See also == * [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000769 U.S. Senate Biography] * "Biographical Materials" folder, Copeland Papers, Michigan Historical Collection, Bentley Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor * [http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/ofc/annarbor.html Mayors of Ann Arbor page] at ''PoliticalGraveyard.com'' == References == {{reflist}} {{start box}} {{s-off}} {{succession box | before= Gottlob Luick | title= [[Mayor of Ann Arbor, Michigan]] | years= 1901–1903 | after= Arthur Brown }} {{s-par|us-sen}} {{succession box | before= [[William M. Calder]] | title= [[U.S. Congressional Delegations from New York|U.S. Senator (Class 1) from New York]] | years= 1923–1938 | after= [[James M. Mead]]}} {{end box}} {{USSenNY}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Copeland, Royal S.}} [[Category:Mayors of Ann Arbor, Michigan]] [[Category:United States Senators from New York]] [[Category:People from Ann Arbor, Michigan]] [[Category:University of Michigan faculty]] [[Category:University of Michigan alumni]] [[Category:1868 births]] [[Category:1938 deaths]] [[Category:Eastern Michigan University alumni]] [[Category:Eastern Michigan University]]