Russians 59510 226129634 2008-07-16T23:11:14Z Feedmecereal 12311 /* Russians outside of Russia */ link redirects {{sprotect2}} {{otheruses|Russian}} {{Infobox Ethnic group |group='''Russians''' (Russkie) |image={{Russians mosaic|300}} |poptime= 137 million (est.)|popplace={{flag|Russia}}: 115,889,000<ref>(2002 census)[http://www.perepis2002.ru/content.html?id=11&docid=10715289081463]</ref> |region1 = {{flag|Ukraine}} |pop1 = 8,334,000<ref>(2001 census) [http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results]</ref> |region2 = {{flag|Kazakhstan}} |pop2 = 4,480,000<ref>(1999 census)[http://www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Mes/pdf/51_cap1_2.pdf]</ref> |region3 = {{flag|Belarus}} |pop3 = 1,142,000<ref>(1999)[http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2003/097/analit01.php]</ref> |region4 = {{flag|United States}} |pop4 = 750,000<ref>(1990 estimate)[http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~gstudies/russia/curriculum/intro.htm]</ref> |region5 = {{flag|Uzbekistan}} |pop5 = 700,000<ref>(2005) [http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Russians_-_Russians_outside_of_Russia/id/4723166]</ref> |region6 = {{flag|Latvia}} |pop6 = 646,567<ref>(2007)[http://www.pmlp.gov.lv/?_p=377&menu__id=127]</ref> |region7 = {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |pop7 = 604,000<ref>(1999) [http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0197/analit04.php]</ref> |region8 = {{flag|Moldova}} |pop8 = 500,000<ref>(2004)[http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Russians_-_Russians_outside_of_Russia/id/4723166]</ref> |region9 = {{flag| Estonia}} |pop9 = 345,000<ref>(2007) [http://www.vm.ee/estonia/kat_173/pea_173/999.html]</ref> |region10 = {{flag|Lithuania}} |pop10 = 220,000<ref>(2001)[http://www.emz-berlin.de/Statistik_2/lit/lit_01.htm]</ref> |region11 = {{flag|Germany}} |pop11 = 178,600<ref>(2003)[http://www.destatis.de/basis/e/bevoe/bevoetab10.htm]</ref> |region12 = {{flag|Azerbaijan}} |pop12 = 144,000<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/aj.html CIA - The World Factbook<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |region13 = {{flag|Turkmenistan}} |pop13 = 142,000<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4420922.stm BBC NEWS | Asia-Pacific | Russians left behind in Central Asia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |region14 = {{flag|France}} |pop14 = 115,000 {{Fact|date=February 2007}} |region15 = {{flag|United Kingdom}} |pop15 = 100,000<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Other_%28United_Kingdom_Census%29#Russian]</ref> |region16 = {{flag|Argentina}} |pop16 = 100,000{{Fact|date=February 2007}} |region17 = {{flag|Canada}} |pop17 = 98,245<ref>(2006)[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo=PR&Code=01&Data=Count&Table=2&StartRec=1&Sort=3&Display=All&CSDFilter=5000 Canadian Census figures</ref> |region18 = {{flag|Brazil}} |pop18 = 70,000<ref>(2005)[http://rusharbin.com/content/view/61/27/1/1/]</ref> |region19 = {{flag|Tajikistan}} |pop19 = 68,200<ref>(2000)[http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php]</ref> |region20 = {{flag|Georgia}} |pop20 = 67,671<ref>(2002 census)[http://www.statistics.ge/main.php?pform=14&plang=1]</ref> |region21 = {{flag|Australia}} |pop21 = 60,200<ref>[http://www.crc.nsw.gov.au/statistics/Sect1/Table1p08Aust.pdf]</ref> |region22 = {{flag|Paraguay}} |pop22 = 55,000<ref>(2005)</ref> |region23 = {{flag|Cuba}} |pop23 = 50,200<ref>[http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/censo/index.htm Créditos<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |region25 = {{flag|Finland}} |pop25 = 33,401<ref>(2002 census)[http://www.vsy.fi/opinto/maahanmuuttajat/index.php?k=1940]</ref> |region26 = {{flag|Romania}} |pop26 = 30,000<ref>[http://mimmc.ro/info_util/formulare_1294/ Informatii utile | Agentia Nationala pentru Intreprinderi Mici si Mijlocii<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |region27 = {{flag|China}} |pop27 = 15,600<ref>(2000 census)[http://141.211.142.26/member/census2000/ybListDetail.asp?ID=1#]</ref> |region28 = {{flag|Bulgaria}} |pop28 = 15,595<ref>(2002 census) [http://www.nsi.bg/Census_e/Census_e.htm]</ref> |region29 = {{flag|Armenia}} |pop29 = 14,660<ref>(2002 census) [http://docs.armstat.am/census/pdfs/51.pdf]</ref> |region30 = {{flag|Sweden}} |pop30 = 8,900<ref>[http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=SW Joshua Project - Ethnic People Groups of Sweden<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |region31 = {{flag|Japan}} |pop31 = 6,000<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians_in_Japan]</ref> |region32 = {{flag|Czech Republic}} |pop32 = 5,062<ref>(2002 census) [http://www.czso.cz/sldb/sldb.nsf/i/D86E24A9E96E6C30C1256E630051315F/$File/SLDB1991-tab.3.pdf]</ref> |region33 = {{flag|Poland}} |pop33 = 4,600<ref>[http://www.joshuaproject.net/countries.php?rog3=VE Joshua Project - Ethnic People Groups of Venezuela<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |langs=[[Russian language|Russian]] |rels= Predominantly [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] Christians. Some Russians are [[Old Believers]] (a relatively small group of Orthodox Christians). Small minority of Russians are [[Protestants]]. |related=Other [[Slavic peoples]], especially [[East Slavs]] ([[Belarusians]], [[Ukrainians]], [[Rusyns]]), and partly the [[Finno-Ugric peoples]].<ref>http://www.newsru.com/russia/28sep2005/russians.html</ref> }} The '''Russian people''' ({{lang-ru|Русские—''Russkie''}} ) are an [[East Slavs|East Slavic]] [[ethnic group]], primarily living in [[Russia]] and neighboring countries. The [[English language|English]] term ''Russians'' is also used to refer to [[citizens]] of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity (see ''[[demographics of Russia]]'' for information on other ethnic groups inhabiting Russia); in [[Russian language|Russian]], this meaning is covered by term ''Rossiyanin'' (Россиянин, plural ''Rossiyane''). According to 2002 [[census]], ethnic Russians make up about 80% of the population of Russia <ref name="census">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html CIA World Factbook]</ref> ==Origins== *''See the article about the old legend [[Lech, Czech and Rus]]''. *''See the article about the [[Primary Chronicle]]''. Russians, predecessors were the medieval [[Early East Slavs|East Slavic nation]] [[Rus' (people)|Rus’]], who were also the predecessors of [[Belarusians]] and [[Ukrainians]]. Most of the tribes that took part in the formation of the Russian people were of [[East Slavs|East Slavic]] origin. Among those tribes were [[Krivich]], [[Ilmen Slavs]], [[Radimichs]] and [[Severians]]. A genetic study showed that even though most of the Russian blood is [[Slavs|Slavic]], they also have some [[Finno-Ugric peoples|Finno-Ugric]] blood in them.<ref>http://www.newsru.com/russia/28sep2005/russians.html</ref> That showes that some of the [[Finno-Ugric peoples]] that lived among the [[Slavs]] in [[east Europe]] eventually assimilated in them. Among those peoples were [[Merya]]<ref>*[[Aleksey Uvarov]], "Étude sur les peuples primitifs de la Russie. Les mériens" (1875)</ref> and [[Muromian]]<ref>http://www.emc.komi.com/01/12/115.htm</ref>.<ref>http://www.newsru.com/russia/28sep2005/russians.html</ref> Very little is known about the Russians and [[East Slavs]] in general prior to approximately 859 AD, the date from which the account in the [[Primary Chronicle]] (a history of the Ancient Rus from around 850 to 1110 originally compiled in Kiev about 1113) starts. By 600 AD, the [[Slavs]] had split linguistically into southern, western, and eastern branches. The East Slavs flooded [[Eastern Europe]] in two streams. One group of tribes settled along the [[Dnieper river]] in what is now [[Ukraine]]; they then spread northward to the northern [[Volga river|Volga valley]], east of modern-day [[Moscow]] and westward to the basins of the northern [[Dniester]] and the [[Southern Bug|Southern Buh river]]s in present-day [[Moldova]] and southern Ukraine. Another group of East Slavs moved from [[Pomerania]] to the northeast, where they encountered the [[Varangians]] of the [[Rus' Khaganate]] and established an important regional centre of [[Novgorod]]. The same Slavic population also settled the present-day [[Tver Oblast]] and the region of [[Beloozero]]. Having reached the lands of the [[Merya]] near [[Rostov]], they linked up with the Dnieper group of Slavic migrants. ==Emergence of Russian ethnicity== According to most ethnologists, ethnic Russians originated from the earlier [[Rus' (people)|Rus people]] (East Slavs or [[Kievan Rus]]) and gradually evolved into a different ethnicity from the western Rus peoples, who became the modern-day [[Belarusians]] and [[Ukrainians]]. Early ancestors of the Russians were [[Early East Slavs|East Slavic]] tribes migrating to the [[East European Plain]] in the early Middle Ages. Most prominent Slavic tribes in the area of what is now European Russia included [[Vyatichs]], [[Krivich]]s, [[Radimichs]], [[Severians]] and [[Ilmen Slavs]]. By the 11th century, East Slavs assimilited the [[Finno-Ugric]] tribes [[Merya]] and [[Muromian|Muroma]] and the [[Balts|Baltic]] tribe [[Eastern Galindae]] that used to populate the same area with them (now [[Central Russia]]). Ethnic Russians known as [[Great Russia]]ns (as opposed to [[White Russia]]ns and [[Little Russia]]ns) began to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group in the 15th century. At that time, during the consolidation of the Russian Tsardom as a regional power, they were referred to as [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Moscow Russians]]. Between the 12th and 16th century, Russians known as [[Pomors]] migrated to Northern Russia and settled the [[White Sea]] coasts. As a result of these migrations and Russian conquests, following the liberation from the [[Mongol invasion of Russia|Mongol]] [[Golden Horde]] domination during the 15th and 16th century, Russians settled the [[Privolzhsky (Volga) Federal District|Volga]], [[Urals Federal District|Urals]] and [[Southern Federal District|Northern Caucasus]] regions. Between the 17th and 19th century, Russian migrants settled eastwards in the vast, sparsely inhabited areas of [[Siberia]] and the [[Russian Far East]]. Russian [[Cossacks]] played a major role in these territorial expansions and migrations. Language: Modern Russian gradually evolved from the [[Old East Slavic language|Old East Slavic]] and [[Church Slavic language|Church Slavonic]] between the 15th and 18th century. In the [[First All Union Census of the Soviet Union]], in 1926, they were classified as a ''Narodnost''. ==Population== Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe and one of the largest in the world with a population of about 140 million people worldwide. Roughly 116 million ethnic Russians live in [[Russia]] and about 20 million more live in the neighboring countries. A relatively significant number of Russians, around 3 million, live elsewhere in the world, mostly in the [[Americas]] and [[Western Europe]], but also in other places of [[Eastern Europe]], [[Asia]] and elsewhere. ==Culture== [[Russian culture#Art|Russian art]] is very important and considered by many to be unique and some of the most important painters in the world are Russian. [[Russian humour]] gains much of its wit from the great flexibility and richness of the Russian language. [[Russian literature]] was greatly influential to world literature. Notable Russian writers including [[Aleksandr Pushkin]], [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]], [[Boris Pasternak]], [[Anna Akhmatova]], [[Joseph Brodsky]], [[Maxim Gorky]], [[Vladimir Nabokov]], [[Mikhail Sholokhov]], [[Mikhail Bulgakov]], [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]. Russians also gave the [[classical music]] world some very famous composers. ==Language== {{main|Russian language}} [[Image:RussianChildrenOnAHillside.jpg|thumb|A group of Russian children, 1909. [[Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii]].]] <!-- FAIR USE of RussianChildrenOnAHillside.jpg: see image description page at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:RussianChildrenOnAHillside.jpg for rationale --> '''Russian''' (<span class="unicode audiolink">[[:Media:Ru-russkiy jizyk.ogg|{{lang|ru|русский язык}}]]</span>&nbsp;<span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>([[Wikipedia:Media help|help]]·[[:Image:Ru-russkiy jizyk.ogg|info]])</small></span>, [[Romanization of Russian|transliteration]]: ''{{transl|ru|ALA|Russkiy yazyk}}'', {{IPA|[ˈruskʲɪj jɪˈzɨk]}}) is the most geographically widespread language of [[Eurasia]] and the most widely spoken of the [[Slavic languages]]. Russian belongs to the family of [[Indo-European languages]] and is one of three (or, according to some authorities, four) living members of the [[East Slavic languages]], the others being [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (and possibly [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]], often considered a dialect of Ukrainian). Written examples of Old East Slavonic are attested from the 10th century onwards, and while Russian preserves much of East Slavonic grammar and a [[Proto-Slavic language|Common Slavonic]] word base, modern Russian exhibits a large stock of borrowed international vocabulary for politics, science, and technology. Due to the status of the [[Soviet Union]] as a [[super power]], Russian had great political importance in the 20th century, and is still one of the [[United Nations#Languages|official languages]] of the [[United Nations]]. Russian has [[palatalization|palatal]] [[secondary articulation]] of [[consonant]]s, the so-called ''soft'' and ''hard'' sounds. This distinction is found in almost all consonant [[phoneme]]s and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the [[vowel reduction|reduction]], or drawling, of [[stress (linguistics)|unstressed]] [[vowel]]s, not entirely unlike a similar process present in most forms of [[English language|English]]. Stress in Russian is generally quite unpredictable and can be placed on almost any syllable, one of the most difficult aspects for foreign language learners. ==Religion== {{main|Religion in Russia}} Around 63 % of Russian population identify themselves with the [[Russian Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christianity]]<ref>{{cite web|http://www.religare.ru/article42432.htm |language=Russian}}</ref> most of whom belong to the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], which played a vital role in the development of Russian national identity. In other countries Russian faithful usually belong to the local Orthodox congregations which either have a direct connection (like the [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Moscow Patriarchy|Ukrainian Orthodox Church]], [[Wiktionary:autonomy|autonomous]] under the [[Patriarch of Moscow]]) or historical origin (like [[the Orthodox Church in America]] or a [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia]]) with the Russian Orthodox Church. Even non-religious Russian people mostly associate themselves with Orthodox faith for cultural reasons. Some Russian people are [[Old Believers]]: a relatively small [[Schism (religion)|schismatic]] group of the Russian Orthodoxy that rejected the liturgical reforms introduced in the 17th century. Despite continuing growth in religious observance since [[Soviet]] times, church attendance rates in Russia are relatively low. Other world religions have negligible representation among ethnic Russians. The most prominent are [[Baptist]]s with over 85 000 Russian adherents.<ref>[http://www.adherents.com/Na/Na_639.html Adherents.com statistics]</ref> others are mostly, [[Pentecostals]], [[Evangelicals]] and [[Seventh-day Adventists]]. For the last decades [[Slavianism]] (Slavic Neopagan movements) seems to gain certain popularity and there are many web-sites dedicated to the study of the ancient Slavic religious traditions and thoughts.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://triglav.ru/|title= A web-site with information about current pagan activity in Russia. |language=Russian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://paganism.msk.ru/index.htm |title= A site with a lot of information on Slavic Paganism.|language=Russian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://slavn.org/ |title= A Slavic spiritualism site calling for returning to the roots. |language=Russian}}</ref> == Russians outside of Russia == {{main|Russian diaspora}} Ethnic Russians historically migrated throughout the area of former [[Russian Empire]] and [[Soviet Union]], sometimes encouraged to re-settle in borderlands by Tsarist and later Soviet government. On some occasions ethnic Russian communities such as [[Lipovans]] who settled in [[Danube delta]] or [[Doukhobor]]s in [[Canada]] immigrated as religious dissidents fleeing the central authority. After the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]] and [[Russian Civil War]] starting in 1917, many Russians were forced to leave their homeland fleeing the [[Bolshevik]] regime, and millions became refugees. Many [[white emigre|white emigrés]] were participants in the [[White movement]], although the term is broadly applied to anyone who may have left the country due to the change in regime. Today largest ethnic Russian diasporas outside of Russia live in former Soviet states such as [[Ukraine]] (about 8 million), [[Kazakhstan]] (about 4.5 million), [[Belarus]] (about 1.2 million), [[Latvia]] (about 700,000) with the most Russian settlement out of the [[Baltic States]] which includes [[Lithuania]] and [[Estonia]], [[Uzbekistan]] (about 650,000) and [[Kyrgyzstan]] (about 600,000). Over a million of [[Russian Jews]] emigrated to [[Israel]] during and after the [[Refusenik (Soviet Union)|Refusenik]] movements, some brought ethnic Russian relatives along with them. There are also small Russian communities in the [[Balkans]], Eastern and Central European nations such as [[Germany]] and [[Poland]], as well Russians settled in [[China]], [[Japan]], [[South Korea]], [[Latin America]] (i.e. [[Mexico]] and [[Brazil]]) and [[Australia]]. These communities may identify themselves either as Russians or citizens of these countries, or both, to varying degrees. The governments and the majority public opinion in [[Estonia]] and [[Latvia]], which has the largest share of ethnic Russians among the [[Baltic countries]], hold the view that many of the ethnic Russians arrived in these countries as part of a Soviet-era [[colonization]] and deliberate [[Russification]] by changing the countries' ethnic balance. Among the many Russians who arrived during the Soviet era most came there for economic reasons, or in some cases, because they were ordered to move. People who had arrived to [[Latvia]] and [[Estonia]] during the Soviet era, mostly Russians, were only provided with an option to acquire naturalised citizenship which required passing a test demonstrating knowledge of the national language as well as knowledge of the country's history and customs. The language issue is still contentious, particularly in Latvia, where ethnic Russians have protested against plans to educate them in the national language instead of Russian. Since 1992, Estonia has naturalized some 137,000 residents of undefined citizenship, mainly ethnic Russians 136,000, or 10 percent of the total population, remain without citizenship. [[Image:Russians ethnic 94.jpg|thumb|400px|Ethnic Russians in former Soviet Union states]] Although not among the largest immigrant groups, significant numbers of Russians emigrated to [[Canada]], [[Australia]], the [[United States]] and [[Brazil]]. [[Brighton Beach]], in the [[New York City]] borough of [[Brooklyn]], is an example of a large community of recent Russian immigrants. Another one is in [[Sunny Isles Beach]], a northern suburb of [[Miami]] and "Little Moscow" in Hollywood of the [[Los Angeles]] area. At the same time, many ethnic Russians from former Soviet territories have emigrated to Russia itself since the 1990s. Many of them became refugees from a number of states of [[Central Asia]] and [[Caucasus]] (as well as from the separatist [[Chechen Republic]]), forced to flee during political unrest and hostilities towards Russians. Also are the million-plus [[German Russian]]s, descendants of 16th to 18th century [[German people|German]] settlement under the Russian empire from [[Belarus]], the [[Ukraine]] and Central Asia in [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Uzbekstan]]. Many have left Russia and other former Soviet states for [[Germany]] since the 1990s but aren't considered culturally Germans under the period of intense levels of "[[Russification]]". Both the [[European Union]] and the [[Council of Europe]], as well as the [[Russian government]], expressed their concern during the 1990s about minority rights in several countries, most notably [[Latvia]]. In [[Moldova]], the Russian-dominated [[Transnistria]] region broke away from government control amid fears the country would soon reunite with [[Romania]]. In June of 2006 Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] announced the plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian to immigrate to Russia. [http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1070573.html] ===Russian Chinese=== After the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]] in 1917, many Russians who were identified with the [[White army]] moved to [[China]] — most of them settling in [[Harbin]]. Many of these Russians had to move back to the Soviet Union after [[World War II]]. Today, a large group of people in northern China can still speak Russian as a second language. [[Ethnic Russians in China|Russians (''eluosizu'')]] are one of the [[Nationalities of China|56 ethnic groups]] officially recognized by the [[People's Republic of China]] (as ''the Russ''), and there are approximately 15,600 Russian Chinese living mostly in northern [[Xinjiang]], and also in [[Inner Mongolia]] and [[Heilongjiang]]. See also [[Harbin Russians]] and [[China Far East Railway]]. ==Contribution to humanity== Various Russians have greatly contributed to the world of [[music]], [[sports]], [[science]] and [[arts]]. Notable Russian [[scientists]] include [[Dmitri Mendeleev]], [[Alexander Stepanovich Popov]], [[Alexander Lodygin]], [[Pavel Yablochkov]], [[Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky]], [[Ivan Kulibin]], [[Vladimir Zworykin]], [[Sergey Korolyov]], [[Konstantin Tsiolkovsky]], [[Andrei Tupolev]], and [[Mikhail Lomonosov]]. The first man in space, [[Yuri Gagarin]], was Russian, and the first [[artificial satellite]] to be put into [[outer space]], [[Sputnik 1]], was launched by the [[Soviet Union]] and was developed mainly by the [[Sergey Korolyov]] who had a Russian father (his mother was [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]). [[Russian Literature]] representatives like [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]], [[Leo Tolstoy]], [[Ivan Turgenev]], [[Anton Chekhov]], [[Alexander Pushkin]], and many more, reached a high status in world [[literature]]. In the field of the novel, [[Leo Tolstoy|Tolstoy]] and [[Fyodor Dostoevsky|Dostoevsky]] in particular were important figures, and have remained internationally renowned. Some scholars have described one or the other as the greatest novelist ever.<ref> "Russian literature." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 16 July 2007 <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-29157>.</ref> [[Russian composers]] who reached a high status in the world of [[music]] include [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]], [[Sergei Prokofiev]] and [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]]. Russian people had a large part in the victory over [[Nazi Germany]] at [[World War II]]. During the war, the [[Soviet Union]] lost around 27 million citizens (Russians having the highest precentege there), about half of all [[World War II]] casualties and the vast majority of allied casualties. According to the [[United Kingdom|British]] historian [[Richard Overy]], the Eastern Front contained more combat than all the other European fronts combined; the [[German army]] suffered 80% to 93% of all casualties there. [[Richard Overy]] also wrote it was on the Eastern Front that the war was won or lost, for if the [[Red Army]] had not succeeded against all the odds in halting the [[Germans]] in 1941 and then inflicting the first major defeats at [[Battle of Stalingrad|Stalingrad]] and [[Battle of Kursk|Kursk]] in 1943, it is difficult to see how the western democracies, [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and the [[United States|US]], could have expelled Germany from its new empire.<ref>WWII historian [[Richard Overy]], [http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,1478592,00.html We must not forget how war was won].</ref> ==See also== * [[List of Russians]] * [[Russian diaspora]] * [[Anti-Russian sentiment]] * [[Russians in Australia]] * [[Russians in Finland]] * [[Russians in Ukraine]] * [[Russians in Kazakhstan]] * [[Russians in Japan]] * [[Ethnic Russians in China|Russians in China]] * [[Russians in South Korea]] * [[Russian culture]] * [[Baltic Russians]] * [[Russian colonization of the Americas]] * [[British Russians]] * [[Russian American]] * [[Russian Canadian]] * [[White Emigre]] * [[European ethnic groups]] ==References and notes== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4420922.stm Russians left behind in Central Asia], by [[Robert Greenall]], [[BBC News]], [[23 November]] [[2005]]. *[http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/08/36c8af92-fc2a-4225-85c5-92ddbe052824.html Latvia: Ethnic Russians Divided On Moscow's Repatriation Scheme], by [[Claire Bigg]], [[Radio Free Europe]], [[15 August]] [[2006]]. *{{en icon}} [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html CIA factbook - Russia] *{{en icon}} [http://service.china.org.cn/link/wcm/Show_Text?info_id=139526&p_qry=russians/ China Internet Information Center - The Russian Ethnic Group] *{{ru icon}} [http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_14_24.htm 4.1. Population by nationality] *{{ru icon}} [http://www.rustrana.ru/article.php?nid=2720&sq=19,23,118,531&crypt= Russians: short description] *{{ru icon}} [http://rus.ec/index.html/ Russians in Ecuador] *http://www.translatewin.com/ Russian-Spanish-English translations {{Russian diaspora}} [[Category:Ethnic groups in Asia]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Azerbaijan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Ukraine]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in China]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Crimea]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Dagestan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Europe]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Georgia (country)]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Latvia]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Russia]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Turkmenistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Tajikistan]] [[Category:Ethnic groups in Uzbekistan]] [[Category:Slavic nations]] [[af:Russe]] [[ar:روس]] [[ba:Урыҫтар]] [[be:Рускія]] [[be-x-old:Расейцы]] [[bg:Руснаци]] [[cv:Вырăссем]] [[cs:Rusové]] [[cy:Rwsiaid]] [[da:Russere]] [[de:Russen]] [[et:Venelased]] [[el:Ρώσοι]] [[es:Pueblo ruso]] [[eo:Rusoj]] [[fr:Russes]] [[got:𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃]] [[ko:러시아인]] [[hr:Rusi]] [[id:Bangsa Rusia]] [[os:Уырыссаг адæм]] [[it:Russi (popolo)]] [[he:רוסים]] [[ka:რუსები]] [[la:Russi]] [[lv:Krievi]] [[lt:Rusai]] [[hu:Oroszok]] [[mk:Руси]] [[nl:Russen (volk)]] [[ja:ロシア人]] [[no:Russere]] [[nn:Russarar]] [[pl:Rosjanie]] [[pt:Russos]] [[ro:Ruşi]] [[ru:Русские]] [[cu:Роу́сьсци]] [[sl:Rusi]] [[sr:Руси]] [[sh:Rusi]] [[fi:Venäläiset]] [[sv:Ryssar]] [[tt:Урыс халкы]] [[tr:Rus]] [[uk:Росіяни]] [[zh:俄罗斯族]]