São Paulo 390875 226068590 2008-07-16T18:10:32Z Opinoso 484350 Vandalism. {{otheruses1|the city}} {{Infobox City |official_name = City of São Paulo |image_skyline = São_Paulo_-_Itaim_Bibi.jpg |imagesize = 280px |image_caption = Itaim Bibi, São Paulo |nickname =''Terra da Garoa'' (Land of [[Drizzle]]) and ''Sampa'' |motto = "[[Non ducor, duco|Non dvcor, dvco]]"{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Latin language|Latin]])<br/>"I am not led, I lead"</small> |image_flag = São Paulo City flag.svg |image_shield = Brasao SaoPaulo SaoPaulo Brasil.svg |image_map = SaoPaulo Municip SaoPaulo.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of São Paulo |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]] |subdivision_type2 = [[States of Brazil|State]] |subdivision_name = {{BRA}} |subdivision_name1 = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]] |subdivision_name2 = [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]] |leader_title = [[Mayor of São Paulo|Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Gilberto Kassab]] ([[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]]) |area_note = |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |area_total_km2 = 1522.989 |population_as_of = 2006 |population_metro = 19,977,506 |area_metro_km2 = 8051 |population_total = 10,886,518 |population_density_km2 = 7233 |population_density_metro_km2 = 2277 |timezone = [[UTC-3]] |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = [[UTC-2]] |utc_offset_DST = -2 |latd=23 |latm=33 |lats= 01|latNS=S |longd=46 |longm=38 |longs=02 |longEW=W |elevation_m = 760 |elevation_ft = 2493.4 |blank_name = '''[[Human Development Index|HDI]]''' (2000) |blank_info = 0.841 – <span style="color:#090">high</span> |Postal Code = 01000-000 |website = [http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br São Paulo City] |footnotes = }} '''São Paulo''' ({{IPAudio|Br-SaoPaulo.ogg|[sɐ̃ʊ̯̃ ˈpaʊ̯lʊ]}}) is the [[capital]] of the [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[São Paulo (state)|São Paulo]], [[Brazil]]. The city is the largest in Brazil and [[list of cities by population|first in South America by population]]. <ref>[http://sp450anos.terra.com.br/interna/0,,OI236169-EI2551,00.html A maior cidade da América do Sul - Terra - SP 450 anos<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is located in the [[Southeastern Brazil|South East]] of the country. It is also the richest city of Brazil. The name means ''[[Paul the Apostle|Saint Paul]]'' in [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. The city has an area of {{km2 to sq mi|1523|spell=UK}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5 |title=IBGE Área Territorial Oficial |work=Orcamento e Gestão |accessdate=2006-09-16 |language=Portuguese}}</ref> and a population of 10,886,518,<ref> [http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/contagem2007/popmunic2007layoutTCU14112007.pdf 2007 IBGE population count]</ref> which makes it the [[List of cities by population|most populous]] in Brazil, in [[South America]] and in the [[southern hemisphere]]. <ref>[http://www.citymayors.com/features/largest_cities1.html Citimayors website - Largest cities]</ref> [[Greater São Paulo]], which includes adjacent municipalities, has a population close to 20 million, making it the third largest in the [[Americas]], and one of the largest [[metropolitan area]]s in the world.<ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0525/p04s01-woam.html São Paulo developers eye boom times ahead]</ref> People from the city of São Paulo are known as ''[[paulistano]]s'', while ''[[Paulista (disambiguation)|paulista]]s'' designates anyone from the whole of São Paulo state, including the ''paulistanos''. The city's [[Latin]] motto is ''Non ducor, duco'', which translates as "I am not led, I lead". A famous nickname for the city is "Sampa". São Paulo is also known for its unreliable weather, the sheer size of its helicopter fleet, [[architecture]] and multitude of [[skyscrapers]].<ref>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6738905.stm São Paulo holds Gay Pride parade]," ''[[BBC]]''</ref> The [[São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport|São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport]] connects São Paulo with many Brazilian cities and also operates international flights. == History == [[Jesuit]] missionaries [[Manuel da Nóbrega]] and [[José de Anchieta]] founded the village of ''[[São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga]]'' on [[January 25]], [[1554]]. Along with their entourage, they established a [[Mission (Christian)|mission]] named ''[[Pátio do Colégio|Colégio de São Paulo de Piratininga]]'' aimed at converting the [[Tupi-Guarani]] [[indigenous people of Brazil|indigenous Brazilians]] to the [[Catholic]] religion. Located just beyond the [[Serra do Mar]] cliffs, overlooking the port city of [[Santos (São Paulo)|Santos]], and close to the [[Tietê River]], the new settlement became the natural entrance from the South East coast to the vast and fertile plateau to the West that would eventually become the State of São Paulo. São Paulo officially became a city in 1711. In the 19th century, it experienced a flourishing economic prosperity, brought about chiefly through [[coffee]] exports, which were shipped abroad from the port of the neighbouring city of Santos. After the abolition of slavery in 1888, and in an effort to "bleach the race," as the Brazilian authorities worried Brazil would turn into a "black country," waves of [[immigrants]] from [[Italy]], [[Portugal]], [[Spain]], [[Germany]] and many other European countries emigrated to São Paulo in order to, among other reasons, work at the enormous coffee [[plantation]]s established in the State. At the beginning of the 20th century, the coffee cycle had already plummeted due to, among other factors, a sharp decline in international coffee prices. The local entrepreneurs then started investing in the [[industrialization|industrial development]] of São Paulo, attracting new contingents of overseas immigrants to the city, mainly [[Italians]]. In addition to Europeans, [[Japanese people|Japanese]] and [[Arab Brazilian|Syrian and Lebanese]] immigrants arrived in large numbers in the first half of the 20th century. Along the 20th century, the booming economy of the city also attracted huge waves of migrants from the poorest regions in Brazil, such as the [[Northeast]]. [[Image:Várzea do Carmo por Arnaud Pallière.jpg|300px|thumb|right|São Paulo in 1821.]] However, due to competition with many other Brazilian cities, which sometimes offer tax advantages for companies to build manufacturing plants in situ, São Paulo's main economic activities have gradually left its industrial profile in favour of the services industry in the late 20th century. The city is home to a large number of local and international banking offices, law firms, multinational companies and consumer services. Another important historical landmark is the [[Universidade de São Paulo]]'s Law School, also known as [[Faculdade de Direito do Largo São Francisco]], one the two first academic institutions founded in Brazil along with the Law School of [[Recife]]. Originally installed in a monastery, it was founded by an Imperial Decree on [[1 March]] [[1828]], shortly after the beginning of the [[Brazilian Empire]], following the increasing need for lawyers and politicians. As wealthy Brazilians would often go to Europe to take undergraduate law courses, the Brazilian Emperor, [[Dom Pedro I]], decided that it would be fitting to create one national law school in the North & another in the South. It began to attract students from across the country, who were a strong contributing factor to São Paulo's distinctly bohemian lifestyle. Despite its many woes, São Paulo remains the business hub of [[Latin America]]. Having prospered first with the [[coffee]] industry, and later with [[industrialisation]], in the early 21st century it expanded into the [[tertiary, or services sector]]. Its huge market (nearly 20 million people in greater São Paulo) is a magnet for [[multinational]]s. Thanks to events such as the Feira Bienal Internacional de Arte, and its reputation for hosting cutting-edge music concerts, it has become something of a cultural centre as well. Economic growth and exportation of goods has lifted employment and wages. The murder rate has dropped by almost a quarter since its peak. The historic centre profited with the return of the city’s government and the arrival of private universities, although businesses continue to move out to new boom districts such as Itaim and Berrini. São Paulo also claims to attract more visitors (mostly, but no longer exclusively, on business) than Rio de Janeiro, testimony of the intense rivalry between the two Brazilian metropolises. {{Panorama simple |image = Image:Ibirapuera.jpg |fullwidth = 1600 |fullheight = 307 |caption = [[Panorama|Panoramic]] picture of the lake of the [[Ibirapuera Park]]. |height = 250 }} == Law and government == {{See also|List of Mayors of São Paulo}} [[Image:Prefeitura de Sao Paulo.jpg|thumb|Matarazzo Building, São Paulo City Hall.]] In light of its economic and demographic weight, São Paulo has always played a pivotal role in [[Politics of Brazil|Brazilian politics]]. With a constituency larger than that of many Brazilian states, the mayor's office is viewed by politicians as a springboard for state and national-level offices.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} São Paulo's most recent mayors were: {| class="wikitable" ! Mayor ! Entry in ! Left Office in ! Political Party |- | [[Gilberto Kassab]] | 2006 | - | [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democratas]] |- | [[José Serra]] | 2005 | 2006 | [[Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira|PSDB]] |- | [[Marta Suplicy]] | 2001 | 2004 | [[Partido dos Trabalhadores|PT]] |-Dasmin | [[Celso Pitta]] | 1997 | 2000 | [[Partido Progressista Brasileiro|PPB]], later PTN |- | [[Paulo Maluf]] | 1993 | 1996 |[[Partido Progressista Brasileiro|PPB (PP)]] |- | [[Luiza Erundina]] | 1989 | 1992 | [[Partido dos Trabalhadores|PT]] |- | [[Jânio Quadros]] | 1986 | 1988 | [[Brazilian Labour Party|PTB]] |- | [[Mário Covas]] | 1983 | 1985 | [[Brazilian Democratic Movement Party|PMDB]] |} == Geography == [[Image:Pico do Jaragua.jpg|thumb|[[Pico do Jaraguá]] is the highest mountain in the [[Brazilian]] city of São Paulo.]] === Physical setting === São Paulo is located on a [[plateau]] that is part of the [[Serra do Mar]] (Portuguese for "Sea Range"), itself a component of the vast region known as the [[Brazilian Highlands]], with an average elevation of around 800 metres (2,625&nbsp;ft) above sea level - though at a distance of only about {{km to mi|70}} from the Atlantic Ocean. This distance is covered by two [[highway]]s, the [[Rodovia Anchieta|Anchieta]] and the [[Rodovia dos Imigrantes|Imigrantes]], (see "Transportation" section below) that roll down the range, leading to the portuary city of [[Santos (São Paulo)|Santos]] and the beach resort of [[Guarujá]]. Rolling terrain prevails within the urbanized areas of São Paulo but in the North of the city - where the [[Serra da Cantareira]] Range boasts higher elevations and a sizable remnant of the [[Mata Atlântica|Atlantic Rain Forest]]. The entire region is very stable tectonically, and no significant [[earthquake|seismic activity]] has ever been recorded. The [[Tietê River]] was once a source of [[fresh water]] and leisure for São Paulo. However, in the latter half of the 20th century, it became grossly polluted by raw [[sewage]] and industrial effluents, much like its tributary the [[Pinheiros River]]. However, a substantial clean-up program for both rivers are in the pipeline, financed by international development banks such as the [[Japan Bank for International Cooperation]].<ref>Brazilian Departamento de Águas e Energia Elétrica, [http://www.daee.sp.gov.br/noticias/editais/Ing.PDF "International Competitive Bidding Tender Announcement"]</ref> Neither river is navigable in the stretch that flows through the city, however water transport becomes increasingly important on the river Tietê further downstream (towards South, near [[Paraná River|river Paraná]]), as the river is part of the [[Río de la Plata|River Plate]] basin. There are no large natural lakes in the region, but the Guarapiranga and Billings [[reservoirs]] in the outskirts of São Paulo are used for power generation, water storage, and leisure activities such as sailing. The original flora consisted mainly of a great variety of [[broadleaf]] [[evergreens]]. Today, non-native species are common, as the mild climate and abundant rainfall permit a multitude of tropical, subtropical and temperate plants to be cultivated, with [[eucalyptus]] being especially ubiquitous. === Climate === {{climate chart|[[São Paulo]] |18|27|239 |18|28|218 |18|27|160 |16|25|76 |13|23|74 |12|22|56 |12|22|43 |13|23|38 |14|24|81 |15|24|124 |16|26|145 |17|26|201 |source=[http://br.weather.com/weather/climatology/BRXX0232 Canal do Tempo] |float=right |clear=none }} According the [[Köppen climate classification]] São Paulo has a [[humid subtropical climate]]. Temperatures seldom reach 30 °C (86 °F) during summer, while frost is rare during winter due to [[urban heat island]]. All-time record temperatures are 35.3 °C (96.6 °F) on [[November 15]], [[1985]] and -2.1 °C (28 °F) on [[August 2]], [[1955]] (both at the Mirante de Santana National Weather Station, in the north region). In the mountains around the city (Horto Florestal), -3.9 °C (25 °F) was recorded also in [[August 2]], [[1955]] (unofficially). [[Snow]] flurries were reported officially just on one occasion on [[June 25]], [[1918]]. Rainfall is abundant, especially in the warmer months, but rare between June and August. Neither São Paulo nor the nearby coast has ever been hit by a [[tropical cyclone]], and [[tornado|tornadic]] activity is uncommon. August is a month which, in the last years, despite of belonging to the winter, is mostly dry and hot, sometimes reaching temperatures of 28 °C (82.4 °F). This is a phenomenon called "veranico" (in portuguese, "little summer"). On the other hand, January may have some relatively low temperatures in some years. === Metropolitan region === {{main|Greater São Paulo}} [[Image:InternationalSpaceStation.jpg|thumb|left|Greater São Paulo at night.]] The nonspecific term "Grande São Paulo" ("''Greater São Paulo''") denotes any of São Paulo's metropolitan area definitions. The legally defined ''Região Metropolitana São Paulo'' consists of 39 municipalities in total, and a population of more than 19 million inhabitants (as of 2005, according to IBGE). Because São Paulo is [[Urban sprawl|sprawling]] like [[Los Angeles]], it has another definition for its metropolitan area. Analogous to the US's CSA ([[Combined Statistical Area]]) type definition of metropolitan area, it is the second largest city in the world with 27 million inhabitants (Complexo Metropolitano Expandido).<ref>[http://www.emplasa.sp.gov.br/metropoles/cme.asp Empresa Paulista de Planejamento Metropolitano S.A.]</ref>, which includes 2 contiguous legally defined metropolitan regions, and 3 microregions. === Boroughs === [[Image:Sao Paulo Business District.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Itaim Bibi and Morumbi, two important financial districts in São Paulo.]] The city of São Paulo is divided into 31 boroughs, called [[subprefecture]]s (''subprefeituras'' in Portuguese). Each subprefecture is divided into several districts (in most cases, two or three). The subprefectures with the largest number of districts are the boroughs of Sé, in the historical downtown, [[Butantã]], the location of the [[University of São Paulo]], Lapa, Penha and Mooca, all having eleven districts.Together with the administrative division, there is also a geographic radial division established in 2007 by the mayor [[Gilberto Kassab]]. The city is divided in ten regions (historical downtown, extended downtown, north, south, east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest), each one identified with a distinct color in the buses and in the street plaques. These divisions have no relationship with the subprefectures and districts, and, in some cases, the same district may be in two or more geographic regions. The district where the headquarters of the subprefecture is located receives the same name of the subprefecture, with exception of M'Boi Mirim. === Demography === <center> ;Changing demographics of the city of São Paulo <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8) ImageSize = width:640 height:300 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:12000000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:3000000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:400000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1872 text:1872 bar:1890 text:1890 bar:1900 text:1900 bar:1920 text:1920 bar:1940 text:1940 bar:1950 text:1950 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1970 text:1970 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1991 text:1991 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2007 text:2007 PlotData= color:barra width:20 align:left bar:1872 from:0 till: 31385 bar:1890 from:0 till: 64934 bar:1900 from:0 till: 239820 bar:1920 from:0 till: 579033 bar:1940 from:0 till: 1326261 bar:1950 from:0 till: 2198096 bar:1960 from:0 till: 3781446 bar:1970 from:0 till: 5924615 bar:1980 from:0 till: 8493226 bar:1991 from:0 till: 9646185 bar:2000 from:0 till: 10434252 bar:2007 from:0 till: 10886534 PlotData= bar:1872 at: 31385 fontsize:S text: 31.385 shift:(-8,5) bar:1890 at: 64934 fontsize:S text: 64.934 shift:(-10,5) bar:1900 at: 239820 fontsize:S text: 239.820 shift:(-10,5) bar:1920 at: 579033 fontsize:S text: 579.033 shift:(-10,5) bar:1940 at: 1326261 fontsize:S text: 1.326.261 shift:(-10,5) bar:1950 at: 2198096 fontsize:S text: 2.198.096 shift:(-10,5) bar:1960 at: 3781446 fontsize:S text: 3.781.446 shift:(-10,5) bar:1970 at: 5924615 fontsize:S text: 5.924.615 shift:(-10,5) bar:1980 at: 8493226 fontsize:S text: 8.493.226 shift:(-10,5) bar:1991 at: 9646185 fontsize:S text: 9.646.185 shift:(-10,5) bar:2000 at: 10434252 fontsize:S text: 10.434.252 shift:(-10,5) bar:2007 at: 10886534 fontsize:S text: 10.886.534 shift:(-10,5) TextData= fontsize:S pos:(20,20) text: </timeline> </center> == Demographics == [[Image:Italianos.jpg|thumb|[[Italo-Brazilian|Italian immigrants]] in São Paulo: picture of the early 20th century.]] São Paulo is the most ethnically diverse city in [[Brazil]]. After the end of the [[Afro-Brazilian|African]] [[slave]] traffic in the country (1850), São Paulo started to replace the African manpower with [[immigrant]]s in the [[coffee]] plantations. The pioneer in this new project was the senator Nicolau Vergueiro, who brought [[German Brazilian|German]], [[Swiss Brazilian|Swiss]] and [[Portuguese Brazilian|Portuguese]] people to work in his own properties.<ref>http://orbita.starmedia.com/~personaltop/Not00001.htm</ref> After the abolition of slavery (1888), São Paulo received large numbers of immigrants, most of them coming from [[Italy]]. In 1897, [[Italo-Brazilian|Italians]] were over half of the city's population. [[Portuguese Brazilian|Portuguese]], [[Spanish Brazilian|Spaniards]], [[German Brazilian|Germans]], [[History of the Jews in Brazil|Jews]] and [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Arab Brazilian|Lebanese]] and [[Syrian Brazilian|Syrians]] also came in significant numbers. From 1908 to 1950, many [[Japanese Brazilian|Japanese immigrants]] arrived.<ref>http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/especial/2005/saopaulo451/cronologia.shtml</ref>In the 1960s, [[Chinese Brazilian|Chinese]] and [[Koreans]] started arriving. In the mid-20th century, many people from the poor [[Northeast Brazil]] started to migrate to São Paulo. Nowadays, there is a growing [[Bolivia]]n community in the city. As in all of Brazil, people of different ethnicities mix with each other, producing a [[multi-ethnic]] society. Today, people of 100 different [[ethnicity|ethnicities]] make São Paulo their home.<ref>http://www.radiobras.gov.br/especiais/saopaulo450/sp450_mat9_2004.htm</ref> The main communities are: *6 million [[Italian Brazilian|Italians]] (including descendants).<ref>http://www.radiobras.gov.br/especiais/saopaulo450/sp450_mat10_2004.htm</ref> *3 million [[Portuguese Brazilian|Portuguese]] (including descendants).<ref>http://www.radiobras.gov.br/especiais/saopaulo450/sp450_mat13_2004.htm</ref> *3 million [[Afro-Brazilian|Africans]] (including descendants). *1 million [[Arab Brazilian|Arabs]] (including descendants).<ref>http://www.colunista.com.br/sp450/index.htm</ref> *400,000 [[German Brazilian|Germans]] (including descendants).<ref>http://www.colunista.com.br/sp450/index.htm</ref> *326,000 [[Japanese Brazilian|Japanese]] (including descendants).<ref>http://www.radiobras.gov.br/especiais/saopaulo450/sp450_mat12_2004.htm</ref> *120,000 [[Chinese Brazilian|Chinese]] (including descendants).<ref>http://www.colunista.com.br/sp450/index.htm</ref> *70,000 [[History of the Jews in Brazil|Jew]]s (including descendants).<ref>http://www.radiobras.gov.br/especiais/saopaulo450/sp450_mat14_2004.htm</ref>. *60,000 [[Bolivia]]ns.<ref>http://www.etni-cidade.net/bolivianos_saude.htm</ref> *50,000 [[Greek Brazilian|Greeks]] (including descendants).<ref>http://www.colunista.com.br/sp450/index.htm</ref> *50,000 [[Korean Brazilian|Koreans]] (including descendants).<ref>http://www.labeurb.unicamp.br/elb/asiaticas/leiamais_coreano.html</ref> Ethnically, São Paulo is made up of 8 million [[White Brazilian|Whites]], 2,6 million [[Mixed-race Brazilian|mixed-race]] ([[Pardo]]s), 527 thousand [[Afro-Brazilian|Blacks]], 456 thousand [[Asian Brazilian|Asians]] and 18 thousand [[Indigenous people of Brazil|Amerindians]].<ref>http://www.radiobras.gov.br/especiais/saopaulo450/sp450_mat15_2004.htm</ref> [[Image:Vila Olímpia.JPG|thumb|Vila Olímpia Financial District.]] === Religion === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Religion ! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Percentage ! style="background:#87CEFA; color:white" | Number |- align="center" |[[Catholic]] |68.11% |7,107,261 |- align="center" |[[Protestant]] |15.94% |1,663,131 |- align="center" |[[Atheism|No religion]] |8.97% |936,474 |- align="center" |[[Kardecism|Kardecist]] |2.75% |286,600 |- align="center" |[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] |0.65% |67,591 |- align="center" |[[Judaism|Jewish]] |0.36% |37,500 |} ''Source: [[IBGE]] 2000.<ref>[http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/listabl.asp?z=cd&o=7&i=P&c=2094 Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> '' ===Languages=== [[Image:Liberdade sao paulo.jpg|thumb||The [[Japanese language|Japanese-speaking]] community of São Paulo live mostly in [[Liberdade]] Neighbourhood.]] As in all Brazil, the language spoken by the vast majority of the population is [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]. Due to the large influx of [[Italo-Brazilian|Italian immigrants]], the Portuguese spoken in the city reflects a significant influence from the [[dialect]]s of the [[Italian language]]. The Italian dialects mixed with the countryside [[Caipira]] accent of São Paulo; some linguists maintain that the São Paulo dialect of Portuguese was born in [[Mooca]], a district settled in the early 20th century mainly by people from [[Naples]], [[southern Italy]].<ref>[http://www.jornalmercadopaulista.com.br/cultura_jan2006.htm Jornal Mercado Paulista<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.dcomercio.com.br/especiais/mooca450anos/18.htm Diário do Comércio - Especiais - Locarno<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Other languages spoken in the city are mainly among the [[Asian Brazilian|Asian community]]: [[Liberdade]] district is home to the largest Japanese population outside of Japan. Although nowadays most [[Japanese Brazilians]] can speak only Portuguese, some of them are still fluent in [[Japanese language|Japanese]]. People of [[Chinese Brazilian|Chinese]] and [[Koreans|Korean]] descent are slightly able to speak their ancestral languages. However, most of the Brazilian-born generations only speak Portuguese.<ref>[http://www.labeurb.unicamp.br/elb/asiaticas/asiaticas.htm ELB<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] are taught in most schools, though few São Paulo residents exhibit a high degree of fluency in either language. ==Statistics== * [[Vehicles]]: 6,000,000 (March 2007) * Daily [[newspapers]]: 19 (May 2007) * Foundation date: 01/25/1554<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/geociencias/cartografia/default_territ_area.shtm?c=5 |title=IBGE Área Territorial Oficial|work=Orcamento e Gestão |accessdate=2008-04-22|language=Portuguese}}</ref> == Economy == [[Image:Sao Paulo Stock Exchange.jpg|left|thumb|[[Trade]] [[panel]] of [[BM&F Bovespa]], the São Paulo Stock Exchange.]] São Paulo is the 19th richest city of the world and is expected to be the 13th richest in 2020.<ref>http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/bbc/2007/03/07/sao_paulo_sera_13_cidade_mais_rica_do_mundo_em_2020_diz_estudo_706174.html</ref> According to data of [[IBGE]], its Gross domestic product ([[GDP]]) in 2005 was [[R$]] 263,177,148,000.00 ([[US$]] 156,280,780,941.00), equivalent to approximately 12.26% of the Brazilian GDP and 36% of all production of goods and services of the State of São Paulo.<ref>[http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1061&id_pagina=1 IBGE :: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> One of the biggest financial centres of Brazil and the world, São Paulo's economy is going through a deep transformation. Once a city with a strong [[secondary sector|industrial character]], São Paulo's economy has become increasingly based on the [[tertiary sector]], focusing on services and businesses for the country. [[Image:MarginalPinheiros.jpg|thumb|Office buildings alongside the Pinheiros River.]] Many analysts point to São Paulo as an important [[global city]], even though this assignment can be criticized considering its serious problems of social exclusion and spacial segregation.<ref>FERREIRA, João Sette Whitaker; '' The myth of the global city '', presented thesis of doutorado to the FAUUSP, 2003</ref> Although being the most important financial centre of the country, São Paulo's economy also presents a high degree of [[informal economy|informality]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.iets.org.br/article.php3?id_article=567|title=informal economy|publisher=[[IETS]]|location=São Paulo, Brazil|format=PDF|isbn=85-240-3919-1|accessdate=2008-01-27|year=2006|language=Portuguese}}</ref> The [[São Paulo Stock Exchange]] (BM&F Bovespa) is Brazil's official stock and bonds exchange. The BM&F Bovespa is the largest stock exchange in Latin America and third largest in the world.<ref>[http://www.bmfbovespa.com.br/English/NewExchange.asp BM&F Bovespa: About us]</ref> The [[per capita income]] for the city was R$ 24,083 (2005).<ref>{{cite book|url=http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_%28cidade%29|title=per capita income|publisher=[[IBGE]]|location=São Paulo, Brazil|format=PDF|isbn=85-240-3919-1|accessdate=2007-07-18|year=2004|language=Portuguese}}</ref> == Culture == === Music === [[Image:Theatro Mvnicipal SP2.JPG|thumb|The Municipal theater.]] [[Adoniran Barbosa]] was a famous [[samba]] singer and composer who became successful during São Paulo's radio era. Born in 1912 in the town of Valinhos, Barbosa was known as the composer to the lower classes of São Paulo, particularly the poor Italian immigrants living in the quarters of Bexiga (Bela Vista) and Brás, as well as the poor who lived in the city's many shanties and ''cortiços'' (degraded multifamily row houses). The topics of his songs are drawn from the life of low-wage urban workers, the unemployed and the vagabonds. His first big hit was Saudosa Maloca ("Shanty of Fond Memories", 1951), wherein three homeless friends recall with nostalgia their improvised shanty, which was torn down by the landowner to make room for a building. In his Trem das Onze ("The 11 PM Train", 1964) record, which has been ranked one of the five best samba songs ever, the protagonist explains to his lover that he cannot stay any longer because he has to catch the last train to the Jaçanã suburb, for his mother will not sleep before he arrives. An old-school samba band called ''Demônios da Garoa'' still plays his songs in the traditional Bar Brahma venue in the [[Centro]]. [[Image:SalaSaoPaulo.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sala São Paulo]].]] In the late 1960s, a [[psychedelic rock]] band called [[Os Mutantes]] led the way in the national avant garde music scene. Their success is sometimes related to that of other [[tropicalia]] musicians, but they also had a musical style and ideas of their own. They were regarded as very ''paulistanos'' in their behaviour and clothing. Os Mutantes released five albums together before lead singer [[Rita Lee]] departed in 1972 to start a solo career. Although almost exclusively known in Brazil at that time, Os Mutantes became quite successful abroad after the 1990s (a well-spread legend has it that one Brazilian girl in an exchange programme in [[California]], U.S., forgot one Mutantes' vinyl record in her American host family, leading the way to the popularisation of the band in that U.S. state). In 2000, a record sung in English, ''[[Tecnicolor]]'', was released with artwork designed by [[Sean Lennon]]. [[Image:Ibirapuera Auditorium.jpg|thumb|[[Ibirapuera Auditorium]].]] After the two oil price shocks in the 1970s, the country suffered from an economic recession during the 1980s, a phenomenon that was named the [[lost decade]]. The very repressive military government of the day did not help in any way the social situation. A late punk and garage scene became strong in the 1980s, perhaps associated with the gloomy scenario of unemployment and few actual prospectives from the viewpoint of the youth. Underground rock bars and clubs in town were full of thriving musicians and artists waiting for their moment to come. Examples of bands originating from this movement include [[Ira!]] and [[Titãs]]. In the 1990s, [[drum & bass]] became another musical movement in São Paulo, with artists such as [[DJ Marky]], [[DJ Patife]], [[XRS]], [[Drumagick]], and [[Fernanda Porto]].<ref>[http://www.movement.co.uk/ Movement website]</ref> Many [[heavy metal]] bands also originated in São Paulo, such as [[Angra]], [[Torture Squad]], Korzus and Dr. Sin. Many "alternative" cultures of São Paulo mingle at a small shopping mall dubbed [[Galeria do Rock]] (English: "Rock Gallery"), which includes shops which cater to a broad range of alternative niches. Famous alternative band Cansei de Ser Sexy, or CSS (Portuguese for "tired of being sexy") also came from São Paulo. The classical music in São Paulo is also very prevalent. Many of the most important classical Brazilian composers who are still alive, like [[Amaral Vieira]], [[Osvaldo Lacerda]] and [[Edson Zampronha]], were born in and live in São Paulo. São Paulo has two important opera houses: [[Teatro Municipal de São Paulo]] and [[Theatro São Pedro]], and some opera performances are sometimes hosted in other theaters like [[Credicard Hall]]. Local [[baritone]] [[Paulo Szot]] has won international acclaim and a [[Tony Award]] nomination for his performance in a 2008 revival of ''[[South Pacific (musical)|South Pacific]]''. The [[São Paulo State Symphony]] is one of the outstanding orchestras in [[Latin America]] and in the world. === Literature === {{Expand|date=January 2008}} São Paulo was home to the first [[jesuit]] missionaries in Brazil, in the early 16th century. They wrote reports to the Portuguese crown about the newly found land, the native peoples and composed pieces of poetry and music for the [[catechism]]. Among them were priests such as [[Manuel da Nóbrega]] and [[José de Anchieta]], living in or near the colony then called ''Piratininga''. They also helped to register the [[Old Tupi language]], lexicon and its grammar. The Brazilian Modernist Movement as an organized trend started in São Paulo in 1922. Both these authors were influential writers form the Modernism in Brazil: *[[Mário de Andrade]] *[[Oswald de Andrade]] == Sites of interest == [[Image:Estação da Luz.jpg|thumb|The [[Estação da Luz]] in downtown.]] [[Image:CENU SaoPaulo Brazil.jpg|thumb|Contemporary buildings in the district of [[Itaim Bibi]].]] <!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Museu se Ipiranga.jpg|thumb|[[Museu Paulista]] in São Paulo the site where Brazilian independence was proclaimed in 1822.]] --> [[Image:Banespa-SP1.jpg|thumb|[[Banespa Building]].]] [[Image:Ponte Estaiada - São Paulo.jpg|thumb|[[Octavio Frias de Oliveira bridge]], across Pinheiros river.]] São Paulo is a major cultural centre. The city has an ethnically diverse metropolitan area, with heavy Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Arabic, Japanese, among other influences. The city is known for its varied and sophisticated cuisine, ranging from [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]] to [[French cuisine|French]], from [[fast food]] chains to five star restaurants. There are approximately 62 different types of cuisines in São Paulo, and more than 12,000 restaurants.<ref>São Paulo Convention and Visitors Bureau, [http://www.spcvb.com.br/acidade/dados.asp "City Facts"], retrieved 05 June 2007</ref> Other venues such as bars, pubs, lounges and discos cater to a variety of music tastes. São Paulo is home to the [[São Paulo Museum of Art]] (MASP), dedicated by Queen Elizabeth II in the first half of the XX century and "Pinacoteca do Estado" art museums, a symphonic orchestra ([[São Paulo State Symphony]] (OSESP - based in the [[Sala São Paulo]] theatre in the gorgeous Julio Prestes train station), and a [[Formula One]] [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] racing circuit ([[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]). === Landmarks === * [[Avenida Paulista]] (one of the most important thoroughfares of the city and the site of many cultural centers and museums, such as the [[São Paulo Art Museum|MASP]] and Centro Cultural Itaú) * [[Banespa Building]] (skyscraper with observation deck and museum designed after the Empire State building) * [[Catedral da Sé]] (the metropolitan cathedral, a symbol of the city) * [[Edifício Copan]], also designed by [[Oscar Niemeyer]], in the Centro neighbourhood. Built between 1951 and 1966, its wavy shape gives the building an impression of movement, and the integration of small businesses and residential flats are of innovative urbanism. * [[Edifício Itália]] (skyscraper with observation deck) * [[Estação da Luz]] (historical railway station built 1895-1901) * [[Ibirapuera Park]] (the second largest park of the city (Parque do Carmo is the biggest), is also home to several museums. It is known for its buildings designed by Brazilian architect [[Oscar Niemeyer]], such as the Oca and the new Ibirapuera Auditorium) * [[Liberdade]] (Asian district of São Paulo)artifact & food open market every Sunday and festivals during Chinese New Year, Japanese holidays, and on the birthday of Buddha. * [[Memorial da América Latina]] (another complex of buildings designed by Oscar Niemeyer) * [[Mercado Municipal]] (historical market place in São Paulo) * [[Municipal Theatre of São Paulo]] (magnificent [[opera house]] built in the early 20th century * [[Museu de Arte Sacra]] (museum of religious art, with important baroque art pile) * [[Museu Paulista|Museu do Ipiranga]] (museum built where the [[Independence of Brazil]] was proclaimed in 1822) * [[Museum of the Portuguese Language]] (located inside [[Estação da Luz]], a historic British built old world charming train station through which European immigrants arrived into the city from the Port of Santos) * [[Pátio do Colégio]] (founding site of the city, former [[Jesuit]] mission-school to convert the natives to Catholicism) * [[Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo]] (important museum of Brazilian art) * [[Praça da Sé]] (Large square next to the [[São Paulo Cathedral]]. Official centre of the city) * Rock's Gallery (rock'n'roll especialized shopping center) * Shoppings Malls Iguatemi, Ibirapuera, Morumbi, Eldorado & Daslu boutique * [[Solar da Marquesa]] (rare example of 18th century architecture) * Unique Boutique Hotel around Ibirapuera Park with a fancy bar; 5-Star Renaissance Marriott Hotel with renowned cuisine in Jardins; Hilton Hotel, where President Bush, Mrs. Bush and Condoleeza Rice stayed around Berrini Ave. São Paulo has 280 [[movie theatre]]s, 120 theatres, 71 [[museum]]s, 39 cultural centers and about 70 shopping malls. == Events == There are some Web sites and magazines specialising in the cultural events in the city, including the Agenda Cultural de São Paulo (São Paulo's Cultural Calendar).<ref>[http://agendacult.wordpress.com Agenda Cultural]</ref> === Bienal de São Paulo === [[Image:Biennale-Sao-Paulo-Pavilhao-Ciccillo-Matarazzo.jpg|thumb|[[São Paulo Art Biennial]].]] The [[São Paulo Art Biennial]] is a cultural event hosted in town every two years. Almost 1 million people visited the 26th Bienal in 2004. Its theme was chosen to enable a wide range of artistic positions to feel comfortable. The concept of "Free Territory" involved various dimensions: it had a physical-geographical, a socio-political as well as an aesthetic dimension&nbsp;&mdash; the latter, of course, being of greatest interest in the context of this exhibition. In order to emphasise the thematic unity of the overall exhibition, the invited artists and those representing the countries are mixed together on the 25,000 square metres of the spacious Oscar Niemeyer Pavilion. Despite the complexity of individual voices, the final result was intended to be a unity. In addition to an intensification of the North-South dialogue inside Brazil, the Bienal's aims include the promoting of links between non-European cultures along a South-South orientation. The next edition of the Biennale will take place in 2008. === São Paulo Fashion Week === Brazil first entered the international fashion circuit with the increasing reputation of famous Brazilian top models such as [[Adriana Lima]], [[Gisele Bündchen]], [[Alessandra Ambrosio]], [[Fernanda Tavares]], [[Ana Beatriz Barros]], [[Izabel Goulart]] and [[Ana Hickmann]], and the "discovery" of some fresh talents such as [[Alexandre Herchcovitch]] by some international fashion magazines. As a consequence of this, [[São Paulo Fashion Week]] is the place to see and to be seen in Brazilian fashion scene, always attracting a number of international editors and models.<ref>São Paulo Fashion Week's [http://www.spfw.com.br/index.php Official Website]</ref>{{Verify credibility|date=May 2008}}<!-- Only source here is São Paulo Fashion Week's own website. Is that adequate? -- > It takes place twice a year at the building of Bienal de São Paulo. === São Paulo Gay Parade === [[Image:2004-GayPrideBrazil-45409.jpeg|left|thumb|[[São Paulo Gay Parade]] in Paulista Avenue, the biggest Gay Parade of World.]] The tourist event in the city, the [[São Paulo Gay Parade]] attracted about 2.5 million people to [[Paulista Avenue]] in 2006. It is usually opened by the city's [[mayor]]. A large carnival runs along the avenue, with several [[Trio Elétrico]]s. The last parade was held on [[June 10]], [[2007]], and its organizers said that the parade attracted 3.5 million attendees. No official estimate was given by the [[Military Police (Brazil)|Polícia Militar]].<ref>BBC News website, [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6738905.stm "São Paulo holds Gay Pride parade"], retrieved 14 June 2007.</ref><ref> Folha Online website, [http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/ilustrada/ult90u303251.shtml "Parada Gay bate recorde, dizem organizadores"], retrieved 14 June 2007.</ref> === March for Jesus === The March for Jesus is an Evangelical parade that takes place on Corpus Christi Thursday every year in Zona Leste. It is organized by the [[Igreja Renascer em Cristo|"Rebirth Church"]], a [[Pentecostal]] denomination created in the 1980s which has grown significantly in the first decade of the 21st century. In 2007, about two million people took part in the event, according to official estimates.{{fact}}<!-- This is being disputed and reverted. Let's just see a cite, please. --> === Electronic Language International Festival === The [[Electronic Language International Festival]]<ref>[http://www.file.org.br FILE - Festival Internacional de Linguagem Eletrônica] official website.</ref> is a non-profit cultural organization, whose purpose is to disseminate and to develop arts, technologies and scientific research, by means of exhibitions, debates, lectures, and courses. The festival promotes a yearly meeting in Brazil, in the city of São Paulo. The event is open to the public, and intends to expand its educational reach to local and eventually remote audiences, thus sharing the experiences learned with FILE, through technologies of education, communication, registration and memory. The File Festival show in its events web art, net.art, artificial life, hypertext, computer animation, real time teleconferences, virtual reality, panoramas, interactive movie, e- video, electronic art installations and robotics through interactive and immersive rooms. === Festival of Electronic Art === Every two years, [[Videobrasil|Associação Cultural Videobrasil]]'s International Electronic Art Festival brings groundbreaking work by cream-of-the-crop artists from all over the world to São Paulo. In keeping with the constant transformations in media and support, the curatorship has added installations, performances, VJs, CD-ROM art, and Internet art to the programme. The Festival includes a competitive exhibition of so-called southern circuit and an extensive parallel programme. Art shows, debates and meetings introduce new ideas and artwork, setting new guidelines for contemporary art in [[Brazil]]. Exhibitions featuring work by prominent electronic artists are also part of the Festival. Brazilian pioneers such as Rafael França and Olhar Eletrônico, and international guests such as Nam June Paik, Bill Viola and Gary Hill, have featured in the event’s past editions. Each edition has a theme of its own.<ref>[http://www.videobrasil.org.br Video Brasil website]</ref> [[Image:Vila Maria 2005 Abre-Alas.JPG|thumb|Carnival of São Paulo.]] *January 25 São Paulo anniversary municipal holiday *São Paulo Fashion Week *[[Anima Mundi (event)|Anima Mundi]]&nbsp;&mdash; an international competitive video and film festival devoted exclusively to animation) *AnimeCon&nbsp;&mdash; International Anime Convention *AnimeDreams&nbsp;&mdash; International Anime Convention *Anime Friends&nbsp;&mdash; International Anime Convention *Mercado Mundo Mix *[[São Paulo International Film Festival]] *São Paulo International Short Film Festival *Carnival of São Paulo *Virada Cultural, 24 hr Music & Arts shows throughout the city in April *[[Skol Beats]] *Tim Festival&nbsp;&mdash; indie music festival *Nokia Trends *Corpus Christi Mass in solemn procession on decorated streets, mostly in State towns: May or June *Gay Pride Parade - May: Avenida Paulista *Festas Juninas celebrating 3 popular saints Anthony, John, & Peter: June 13,24,29 or their eve - square dance *9 de Julho --July 9th--Constitutional Revolution - holiday in São Paulo *Festa de N. S. Achiropita in Bixiga in August *San Gennaro Feast in Bras in August *7 de Setembro --Sept 7th-- Independence Day Parade *12 de Outubro --Oct 12th-- Children's Day & Lady Aparecida, patroness saint of Brazil *November 2 - All Souls' Day holiday with cemetery visits, candle lighting & Mass *November 15 Proclamation of the Republic/Election Day *December 8 Immaculate Conception/Yemanja' Day with African Brazilian offerings to the goddess of the sea in Santos *Christmas/New Year season: concerts at municipal theatre, Sala Cidade de São Paulo, Se' Cathedral & Protestant churches, & shoppings malls. Decorations & carols along avenida Paulista. *December 31 Sao Silvestre international race & concerts/fireworks on avenida Paulista *Fenasoft (International Computer and Software Trade Fair) *UD Fare&nbsp;&mdash; Domestic Utilities Fair *Feira Bienal Internacional de Arte de São Paulo - Ibirapuera Park *Feira Internacional do Livro&nbsp;&mdash; Book International Fair *São Paulo Restaurant Week<ref>[http://www.restaurantweek.com.br/ SPRW official website.]</ref> == Sports == === Football === [[Image:Est morumbi.jpg|thumb|Morumbi Stadium.]] [[Image:Est pacaembu.jpg|thumb|Pacaembu Stadium.]] As in the rest of Brazil, [[Association Football|football]] is by far the most popular sport in the city. The major teams in São Paulo are [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]], [[São Paulo Futebol Clube|São Paulo]] and [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]] (in this order, the second, third and fourth most popular teams of Brazil <ref>http://datafolha.folha.uol.com.br/po/ver_po.php?session=538</ref>). There are three other small clubs in the city, [[Associação Portuguesa de Desportos|Portuguesa]], [[Clube Atlético Juventus|Juventus]] and [[Nacional Atlético Clube|Nacional]]. Another popular club in São Paulo is [[Santos Futebol Clube|Santos FC]] from the nearby coastal city of the same name, [[Santos (São Paulo)|Santos]]. São Paulo is one of the 18 remaining candidates to host games of the [[2014 FIFA World Cup]], for which [[Brazil]] is the host nation. '''Soccer/Football teams''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Club ! League ! Venue ! Established |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]] | [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]](1st Division) | [[Palestra Itália|Palestra Italia Stadium]] | 1914 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[São Paulo Futebol Clube|São Paulo FC]] | [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]](1st Division) | [[Estádio do Morumbi|Morumbi Stadium]] | 1930 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Associação Portuguesa de Desportos|Portuguesa]] | [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série A|Série A]](1st Division) | [[Estádio do Canindé|Canindé Stadium]] | 1920 |- ! style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Sport Club Corinthians Paulista|Corinthians]] | [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série B|Série B]](Relegated to the 2nd division in 2007) | [[Estádio do Parque São Jorge|Parque São Jorge Stadium]] - Not used for matches due to small size | 1910 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Clube Atlético Juventus|Juventus]] | [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série C|Série C]](3rd Division) | [[Estádio Rua Javari|Rua Javari Stadium]] | 1924 |- ! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal; text-align: center;" | [[Nacional Atlético Clube|Nacional]] | [[Campeonato Brasileiro Série C|Série C]](3rd Division) | Nicolau Alayon Stadium | 1919 |} === Corrida de São Silvestre === The São Silvestre Race takes place every [[New Year's Eve]] ([[31 December]]). It was first held in 1925, when the competitors ran about 8,000 metres across the streets. Since then, the distance raced has varied, and it is now fixed at 15 km. Registration takes place from [[1 October]], with the maximum number of entrants limited to 15,000. === Brazilian Grand Prix === [[Image:Interlagos 2006 aerial.jpg|thumb|[[Brazilian Grand Prix]].]] The [[Brazilian Grand Prix]] ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: Grande Prêmio do Brasil) is a [[Formula One]] championship race which occurs at the [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace]] in [[Interlagos]]. In 2006 the Grand Prix was the final round of the FIA [[Formula 1 World Championship]]. The Spanish driver [[Fernando Alonso]] won the 2006 drivers championship at this circuit by coming second in the race. The race was won by the young Brazilian driver [[Felipe Massa]], driving for the [[Scuderia Ferrari]] team. === Other sports === [[Volleyball]], [[basketball]] and [[tennis]] are other major sports. There are several traditional sports clubs in São Paulo that are home for teams in many championships. The most important are Esporte Clube Pinheiros (waterpolo, volleyball, swimming, basketball and [[Team Handball|handball]]), Clube Atlhetico Paulistano (basketball), Esporte Clube Banespa (volleyball, handball and [[futsal]]), Associação Atlética Hebraica (basketball) and [[São Paulo Athletic Club]] ([[rugby union]]). === International sports events === The following international sports events have been held in São Paulo: *1950&nbsp;&mdash; [[FIFA World Cup]] (football) *[[1963 Pan American Games|1963]]&nbsp;&mdash; [[Pan American Games]] (Multi-sports) *1971&nbsp;&mdash; [[FIBA World Championship for Women]] *1977&nbsp;&mdash; [[Women's U20 Volleyball World Championship]] *1983&nbsp;&mdash; [[FIBA World Championship for Women]] *1993&nbsp;&mdash; [[Volleyball World League]] *1994&nbsp;&mdash; Women's Volleyball World Championship *[[2000 FIFA Club World Championship|2000]]&nbsp;&mdash; [[FIFA Club World Cup|FIFA Club World Championship]] (Football) *2005&nbsp;&mdash; World Cup in Artistic Gymnastics *2006&nbsp;&mdash; International Police and Fire Games (Multi-sports) *[[2006 FIBA World Championship for Women|2006]]&nbsp;&mdash; [[FIBA World Championship for Women]] (Basketball) *2006&nbsp;&mdash; 13th World Cup Final in Artistic Gymnastics *2007&nbsp;&mdash; 3rd International Blind Sports Association World Championships and Games == Transportation == See: [[Transport in São Paulo]] === Motorways === [[Image:Rodovia Bandeirantes SAO 2008 06.jpg|thumb|[[Rodovia dos Bandeirantes|Bandeirantes highway]], one of the main lines connecting with the interior of the [[state of São Paulo]]. In the photo to enter the city of São Paulo.]] The city is crossed by many of the most important Brazilian motorways, such as the BR-116, [[SP-270|Rodovia Raposo Tavares]], [[Rodovia Anhangüera]], [[Rodovia dos Bandeirantes]], [[Rodovia Anchieta]], [[Rodovia Castelo Branco]] and [[Rodovia dos Imigrantes]]. Automobiles are still the main means to get into the city. ==== Rodoanel ==== São Paulo grew quickly from the 1940s to the 1980s and many roads and buildings were built without major planning. As a result, heavy traffic is common on the city's main avenues, and [[traffic jam]]s are relatively common on its largest highways. The main means of commuting into the city is by car and by bus. An effective way of avoiding heavy vehicles traffic in the city, such as buses and trucks that crossed the city for other destinations, was planned by ex-governor [[Mário Covas]] as a road ring that circles the city, called Rodoanel Mario Covas,<ref>Dersa website, [http://www.dersa.com.br/rodoanel "Rodoanel Mario Covas"]</ref> and is being built by DERSA.<ref>[http://www.dersa.com.br/ DERSA official website]</ref> === Railways === [[Image:Luz Station.jpg|thumb|left|Luz railway station in São Paulo Downtown.]] Although poorly served by heavy rail services, there is an infrastructure project to build a [[high-speed rail]]way service linking Brazil's two largest cities, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro.<ref>Nasdaq website 2007, [http://www.nasdaq.com/aspxcontent/NewsStory.aspx?cpath=20070528%5CACQDJON200705280952DOWJONESDJONLINE000113.htm& "Brazil May Take Bids On Rio-To-São Paulo High-Speed Rail Link"]</ref> The trains would go as fast as 280 km per hour (the trip would last about 1 hour and 30 minutes). This specific project is still waiting an official announcement by the Brazilian government, who is trying to obtain international financing through a [[public-private partnership]]. Another important project is the "Expresso Bandeirantes", which is a medium-speed rail service (about 160 km/h) from São Paulo to [[Campinas]], which would reduce the journey time from the current one hour and a half by car to about 50 minutes by train, linking the towns of São Paulo, [[Jundiaí]], Campinas Airport, and Campinas city center. This service is also going to be connected to the railway service between São Paulo city center and Guarulhos Airport. Major works on an express railway service between São Paulo city center and Guarulhos International Airport were announced by the São Paulo state government in 2007,<ref>Secretaria dos Transportes Metropolitanos do Estado de São Paulo [http://www.stm.sp.gov.br/noticias/nt-2817.htm "PPP for construction of Guarulhos Airport Express railway"], retrieved 05 Jun 2007</ref> which will be a milestone in the revitalisation and improvement of the Brazilian passenger railway services. === Airports === [[Image:Aeroporto de Congonhas - Aeronaves.jpg|thumb|[[Congonhas-São Paulo International Airport]].]] [[Image:Sao Paulo Congonhas 2.jpg|thumb|Congonhas-São Paulo International Airport.]] São Paulo has three airports. There are two major airports in the São Paulo metropolitan area: [[São Paulo-Guarulhos International Airport|São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport]] {{airport codes|GRU}} for domestic and international flights and [[Congonhas-São Paulo International Airport|Congonhas]] {{airport codes|CGH}} for domestic flights. There's also a small airport known as [[Campo de Marte]] north of the Old Center for small, private aircraft and helicopters. Campo de Marte also hosts the Ventura [[Goodyear Blimp]]. Congonhas Airport operates domestic and regional flights, mainly to [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Belo Horizonte]] and Brasília. Campo de Marte airport handles some private and small-sized airplanes. Guarulhos International Airport, also known to São Paulo dwellers as "Cumbica", is located 25 km North East of the city centre, in the neighbouring city of [[Guarulhos]]. Guarulhos airport operates both domestic and international flights. On [[2007-07-17]] the [[TAM Linhas Aéreas Flight 3054|worst airline accident in Brazil's history]] occurred at Congonhas airport, blamed on rain and a shortended runway. 199 people from the plane and on the ground died. Following the accident, pilots refused to land under rainy conditions and the Brazilian President signed an act so that ticket sales for flights to the airport be stopped. Aviation throughout the entire country reached a crisis state, which is slowly being overcome by new safety measures such as the introduction of a grooved pavement in the runways. In 2006, about 34,3 million people went through the city's airports (mainly from Congonhas and Guarulhos International Airport, the only two operating commercial flights). [[Infraero]], Brazil's main aviation authority, estimates that with the remodelling of Guarulhos Airport, São Paulo's airports will be able to handle about 45 million passengers a year within the next five years. There are also plans to expand the [[Viracopos-Campinas International Airport]] at [[Campinas]], a city about 90 km North of São Paulo. São Paulo has allegedly one of the highest per capita [[helicopter]] ownership in the world. The owners are an elite wealthy class who take advantage of around one hundred helipads and heliports to conveniently avoid heavy traffic.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A42332-2002May31 Brazil's Elites Fly Above Their Fears] Washington Post article dated June 1, 2002.</ref> === Underground and light rail system === [[Image:Mapa metrosp.png|thumb|Map of the metro-rail network in São Paulo (includes lines not yet built or under construction).]] The city has 61,3 km of underground railway systems (34.6 km fully underground) (the [[São Paulo Metro]],<ref>[http://www.metro.sp.gov.br/informacao/mapa/mapadebolsosite2007.pdf Downloadable map (pdf)] of the underground network retrieved from the Metro SP website.</ref> locally known as the [[Metrô]]), with 4 lines in operation and 55 stations, complemented by another 261,7 km of [[Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos]] (CPTM, or "Paulista Company of Metropolitan Trains") railways. Both CPTM and the underground railway lines carry some 5 million people on an average weekday, and a few new underground lines to be constructed are expected to add another million people to the system within the next five years. The projects expected to expand São Paulo's urban railway system from the current 323 km to more than 500 km on the next 10 years.<ref>All the main projects from the São Paulo railway and underground system for the next 10 years can be found on the [http://www.metro.sp.gov.br/ingles/index.asp Metrô website] and [http://www.cptm.sp.gov.br/ CPTM (in Portuguese)].</ref> São Paulo has three rapid transport systems: *The underground rail system (called "metrô", short for "metropolitano"), with three complete lines *The suburban rail system, [[Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos]] (CPTM), has six lines that serve many regions not reached by the underground system, and even some other cities in the metropolitan region. The CPTM network is longer than the underground rail system. *The fast-lane bus system: there are many such bus lines in the city, called "Passa Rápido", which are street-level, placed on large avenues, and connected with the underground or suburban train stations. São Paulo has no tram lines, although trams used to be common in the first half of the 20th century.<ref>For the history of São Paulo tramways, see [http://www.tramz.com/br/tto/6SP1.html Tramz website]</ref> São Paulo's underground train system is modern, safe, clean and efficient, considered one of the best subway systems in the world, as certified by the NBR ISO 9001. It has four lines (a fifth, the ''Yellow line'', is under construction) and links to the metropolitan train network, the CPTM. The underground rail lines are: [[Image:Alstom Metropolis.jpg|thumb|Train of [[São Paulo Metro]].]] *'''[[São Paulo Metro#Line 1 - Blue|Line 1 - Blue]]''': The first Metrô line built connects the North and the South Side of São Paulo. Connections are available for the Green, Red and Yellow lines and also for CPTM trains. Tietê and Jabaquara bus terminals are also reachable through the use of this line. *'''[[São Paulo Metro#Line 2 - Green|Line 2 - Green]]''': The Green line transverses the Avenida Paulista ridge, connecting Ipiranga to Vila Madalena, and also integrating the Blue and Yellow lines. *'''[[São Paulo Metro#Line 3 - Red|Line 3 - Red]]''': One of São Paulo's busiest lines, it connects the East Side to the West Side. Connections to the Blue and Yellow lines are possible, as are with CPTM trains. The Barra Funda bus terminal is located on this line. *'''[[São Paulo Metro#Line 4 - Yellow (Under Construction)|Line 4 - Yellow]] (under construction)''': Scheduled to be open in 2009, the Yellow line will connect the central Luz station to the South side in a route constructed immediately below the Consolação and Rebouças avenues. Connections will be available to the Blue, Green and Red lines and to CPTM trains. *'''[[São Paulo Metro#Line 5 - Red|Line 5 - Lilac]]''': Built for users who need to reach specific places in São Paulo's South Side. Only a short distance of the line is already available (six complete stations), connecting to CPTM trains at Santo Amaro station. *'''[[São Paulo Metro#Line 6 - Orange|Line 6 - Orange]] (planned)''': Announced in 2008 and scheduled to be open in 2012, the Orange Line will connect the borough of Freguesia do Ó, in the northwestern side of the city to downtown São Paulo. It will be connected to the subway lines 1 and 4, as well as the line 7 of CPTM. The following lines are composed by surface trains and managed by CPTM, named after precious stones: [[Image:Trem cptm linhaf.jpg|thumb|Train of [[CPTM]].]] *'''Line 7 - Ruby''': Formerly the northern part of the ancient [[São Paulo Railway]], it connects the Luz station downtown to the city of [[Francisco Morato]], crossing all of the northwestern side of the city. An operational extension connects Francisco Morato to the city of [[Jundiaí]]. This is the longest line of the railway system in São Paulo. *'''Line 8 - Diamond''': Formerly part of the ancient [[Estrada de Ferro Sorocabana]], it connects the Julio Prestes station downtown to [[Itapevi]], going across the western side of the city. An operational extension with another train links this line to four more stations in Itapevi. The last station (Amador Bueno) is placed near the border with [[São Roque]]. The Julio Prestes station houses the State of the Art concert hall Sala Cidade de São Paulo. *'''Line 9 - Emerald''': It's located along the Nações Unidas Avenue (Marginal Pinheiros), and connects the region of the Interlagos Speedway to the neighbouring city of [[Osasco]]. Presently, it makes the only connection with the subway Line 5 - Lilac. *'''Line 10 - Turquoise''': Formerly the southern part of the ancient [[São Paulo Railway]], it's actually a continuation of the Line 7 - Ruby, and crosses the [[ABC Region]]. *'''Line 11 - Coral''': Also known as "Expresso Leste" (East Express), it crosses all the eastern side of São Paulo from downtown, to Guaianases. It is within the largest distance between two stations (between Tatuapé and Itaquera) in all the railway net. There is an operational extension from Guaianases to the campus of the [[Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes]], in the city of [[Mogi das Cruzes]]. *'''Line 12 - Sapphire''': It crosses the northeastern side of São Paulo, from the Brás station downtown until the city of [[Itaquaquecetuba]]. === Buses === [[Image:Terminal Rodoviário Tietê.jpg|thumb|Bus Terminal Tietê, the second intercommunal bus Terminal of world.]] The bulk of the [[public transport]] (government and private companies) is composed of approximately 17,000 buses (including about 210 trolley buses), coloured uniformily according to the non-central region served (ex.: light green for the buses that go South West, dark blue for the Northern area). Until the past few years, there was a strong presence of informal transport vans (dab vans), but the vast majority of such vans are already fully registered with the city council, legalized and operating under the same color scheme of the main system. === Helicopters === Specially because of the intense traffic jam, São Paulo has become the city with the highest number of helicopters in the world, more than cities like New York and Tokyo. With more than 400 helicopters and around 7000 flights per year São Paulo, according to the British newspaper [[The Guardian]], is turning into a "real life South-american episode" of [[The Jetsons]].<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jun/20/brazil] The Guardian: High above São Paulo's choked streets, the rich cruise a new highway</ref> == Current critical problems == [[Image:Zona Leste - São Paulo-Brasil.jpg|thumb|[[Smog]] in São Paulo.]] [[Image:Traffic jam Sao Paulo 09 2006 30.JPG|thumb|Congestion on a boulevard in São Paulo.]] Since the beginning of the 20th century, São Paulo has been a major economic center in [[Latin America]]. With the arrival of the two [[World war|World Wars]] and the [[Great Depression]], coffee exports to the United States and [[Europe]] were critically affected, leading wealthy coffee farmers to invest in industrial activities which eventually turned São Paulo into Brazil's largest industrial hub. The new job positions thereof contributed to attracting a significant number of immigrants from [[Europe]] and [[Asia]] and migrants from within the country, especially the northeastern states. From a population of merely 32,000 inhabitants in 1880, São Paulo increased its population to approximately 250,000 in 1900, 1,800,000 in 1940, 4,750,000 in 1960 and 8,500,000 in 1980. The effects of this [[population growth|population boom]] have been: *Although [[urban planning]] has been implemented in some areas, São Paulo has developed quickly without major planning. *Overcrowded public transport associated with a high number of cars and other vehicles in circulation lead to consistently [[traffic congestion|congested traffic]] on many roads of the city. *Due to heavy usage and poor maintenance, the quality of the pavement on certain roads (especially in the outskirts of the city) is problematic, and [[pothole]]s and other asphalt defects are common. *Although the situation is improving, [[Crime in Brazil|crime rates]] and gang violence are still high,<ref>Economist.com website, [http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8952551 "No end to violence"], published 12 April 2007, retrieved 19 July 2007.</ref> especially in the numerous city slums and peripheral neighbourhoods. According to a federal government research, the city itself ranks 493rd in the list of the 5565 most violent cities in Brazil, but ranks second in the number of firearm-related deaths. In 2004, it ranked 182nd on that same list<ref>Folha de S.Paulo website, [http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u368007.shtml "Número de homicídios cai no Brasil"], published 30 January 2008, retrieved 14 February 2008. See the .xls file linked in the article.</ref><ref>Folha de S. Paulo, [http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/cotidian/ff3001200813.htm "Melhora posição de SP no ranking de mortes"], January 30 2008.</ref> Additionally, crime rates overall have been steadily decreasing for the past 8 years.<ref>Secretaria de Segurança Pública website, [http://www.ssp.sp.gov.br/estatisticas/_pormunicipio.aspx?codigo=565], retrieved 14 February 2008</ref> The number of murders state-wide in 2007 was 63% lower than it was in 1999, <ref>Época magazine website, [http://revistaepoca.globo.com/Revista/Epoca/0,,EDG81450-6009-507,00.html "Vitória sobre o crime"], published 31 January 2008, retrieved 14 February 2008.</ref> one-quarter of that in [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] state.<ref>McClatchy Newspapers, [http://news.yahoo.com/s/mcclatchy/20071227/wl_mcclatchy/2796351_1], published 27 December 2007, retrieved 18 February 2008.</ref> One person is [[kidnap]]ped in the city every two days. <ref>BBC News [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/this_world/4898554.stm]</ref> *Approximately 13.3% of the population in São Paulo lived in poor conditions<ref>http://www.seade.gov.br/produtos/msp/ren/ren1_001.htm</ref> *High [[air pollution]],<ref>{{cite journal | author=School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo | title=Air pollution and children's health in Sao Paulo (1986-1998) | journal=Soc Sci Med. | year=2003 | volume=53 | issue=Dec | pages=2013&ndash;2022 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14512233&dopt=Abstract | accessdate=2006-05-06 }}</ref> mainly due to the high circulation of automobiles and buses in town. *The two major rivers crossing the city, Tietê and Pinheiros, are highly polluted. A major project to clean up these rivers is under process. ==Human development== [[Image:IDH distritosSP 2000.png|thumb|Map of the districts of São Paulo by [[human development index]].]] The [[human development]] of São Paulo City varies greatly between neighborhoods. While some neighbourhoods presented very high [[Human Development Index|human development indexes]] in 2000 (equal to or greater than the average indexes of some [[Scandinavia]]n countries), others presented medium range values (in line with, for example, [[Magreb|North Africa]]) '''Top 5 districts''' * Moema (0.961) - ''(Equal to {{flag|Canada}} - 0.961)'' * Pinheiros (0.960) - ''(Greater than {{flag|Ireland}} - 0.959)'' * Jardim Paulista (0.957) - ''(Greater than {{flag|Sweden}} - 0.956)'' * Perdizes (0.957) - ''(Greater than {{flag|Sweden}} - 0.956)'' * Itaim Bibi (0.953) - ''(Equal to {{flag|Japan}}, {{flag|Netherlands}} - 0.953)'' '''Districts in last 5 places:''' * Marsilac (0.701) - ''(In line with {{flag|Mongolia}} - 0.700)'' * Parelheiros (0.747) - ''(In line with {{flag|Azerbaijan}} - 0.746)'' * Lajeado (0.748) - ''(In line with {{flag|Azerbaijan}} - 0.746)'' * Jardim Angela (0.750) - ''(In line with {{flag|Guyana}} - 0.750)'' * Iguatemi (0.751) - ''(In line with {{flag|Guyana}} - 0.750)'' == Recent news == === Clean City Law: Total Billboard Ban === Effective [[2008-01-01]], the city has implemented the first of its new "Clean City Law" policy. Almost all outdoor signage, public transportation advertising, and video screens have be removed in an effort to reduce the amount of "visual pollution" <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/jun2007/id20070618_505580.htm| title=São Paulo: The City That Said No To Advertising |accessdate=2008-06-01 |author=Patrick Burgoyne |date=June 18, 2007 |work= |publisher=Business Week}}</ref>. == Major holidays and celebrations == Summer* [[January 1]]{{ndash}} New Year *[[January 25]]{{ndash}} São Paulo's Anniversary &mdash; city holiday *Between February and March{{ndash}} [[Brazilian Carnval|Carnival]] (Brazilian national holidays, from Friday to Fat Tuesday preceding [[Lent]], ending at noon on [[Ash Wednesday]]) Autumn * April 21 National Hero Tiradentes' Day Between April>May: Virada Cultural-- 24 hrs of outdoor cultural displays & pop, rock, international & country music concerts 2nd Sunday in May: Mothers' Day *[[May 1]]{{ndash}} [[Labour Day]] Workers' Rally May/June: Gay parade *Between May and June{{ndash}} Catholic Corpus Christi processions mainly in state towns; Evangelical Jesus' Day Parade Winter * June Festas Juninas, celebrating popular saints Peter, Anthony of Padua or Lisbon and John, the Baptist with square dancing & bill hilly attires at clubs, church social rooms or the home. *[[July 9]]{{ndash}} 1932 Paulista Constitutional Revolution, holiday in São Paulo State August Italian feasts of San Gennaro in Bras & Lady Achiropita in Bexiga/Bela Vista 2nd Sunday in August, Fathers' Day Spring *[[September 7]]{{ndash}} Independence Day September 21 Arbor Day *[[October 12]]{{ndash}} Our Lady Aparecida, Patroness saint of Brazil, national holiday November 2 All Souls Day, National holiday *[[November 15]]{{ndash}} Proclamation of the Republic *[[November 20]]{{ndash}} Zumbi dos Palmares/Black History Day Summer* [[December 25]]{{ndash}} Christmas Day: Decorations at Banco Real & throughout Ave. Paulista, shoppings, and water/colourful lights show at the giant fountain of Ibirapuera park. December 31 Sao Silvestre Marathon/New Year's Eve concert & fireworks on Paulista Avenue == [[:Town twinning|Sister cities]] == {| wikitable | width=48% valign="top" | {{flagicon|Côte d'Ivoire}} [[Abidjan]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]] (1981)<br> {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algeria]] (2005)<br> {{flagicon|Jordan}} [[Amman]], [[Jordan]] (1997)<br> {{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]] (1998)<br> {{flagicon|Mali}} [[Bamako]], [[Mali]] (2000)<br> {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]] (1985)<br> {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], [[PR China]] (1999)<br> {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Beirut]], [[Lebanon]]<br> {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Brazil]]<br> {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Bucarest]], [[Romania]] (2000)<br> {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentina]] (1999)<br> {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]<br> {{flagicon|Romania}} [[Cluj-Napoca]], [[Romania]] (2000)<br> {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Coimbra]], [[Portugal]] (1996)<br> {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Córdoba (Spain)|Córdoba]], [[Spain]] (2001)<br> {{flagicon|Syria}} [[Damascus]], [[Syria]] (1999)<br> {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Funchal]], [[Portugal]] (1998)<br> {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Góis]], [[Portugal]] (2000)<br> {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Hamburg]], [[Germany]] (2005)<br> {{flagicon|Cuba}} [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] (1997)<br> {{flagicon|South Africa}} [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]] (1995)<br> {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[La Paz (Bolivia)|La Paz]], [[Bolivia]] (1999)<br> {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[La Plata]], [[Argentina]] (1989)<br> {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Leiria]], [[Portugal]] (1996) |width=48% valign="top" | {{flagicon|Peru}} [[Lima]], [[Peru]] (2002)<br> {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] (1995)<br> {{flagicon|Angola}} [[Luanda]], [[Angola]] (1993)<br> {{flagicon|China}} [[Macau]], [[China]] (1999)<br> {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Mendoza]], [[Argentina]] (1998)<br> {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico City]], [[Mexico]]<br> {{flagicon|USA}} [[Miami]], [[USA]] (1988)<br> {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Milan]], [[Italy]] (1962)<br> {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Montevideo]], [[Uruguay]] (2001)<br> {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Naha]], [[Japan]] (1998)<br> {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Osaka]], [[Japan]] (1985)<br> {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], [[France]] (2004)<br> {{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Presidente Franco]], [[Paraguay]] (1994)<br> {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]] (1995)<br> {{flagicon|Spain}} [[San Cristóbal de La Laguna]], [[Spain]] (1990)<br> {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]], [[Chile]] (1998)<br> {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Santiago de Compostela]], [[Spain]] (2000)<br> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] (1977)<br> {{flagicon|China}} [[Shanghai]], [[PR China]] (1988)<br> {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]] (1997)<br> {{flagicon|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] (2004)<br> {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Toronto]], [[Canada]] (1999)<br> {{flagicon|Armenia}} [[Yerevan]], [[Armenia]] (1999) |} == See also == *[[List of municipalities in the state of São Paulo by population]] *[[Conservatório Dramático Musical de São Paulo]] *[[1963 Pan American Games]] in São Paulo *[[Sister cities of São Paulo]] *[[São Paulo Turismo S/A - Official Tourism Board of the City of São Paulo]] *[[Large Cities Climate Leadership Group]] *[[May 2006 São Paulo violence]] == References == {{reflist|3}} == External links == {{sisterlinks|São Paulo (City)}} === Official Web sites === *{{en icon}} [http://www.cityofsaopaulo.com São Paulo Tourism Office home page] *{{en icon}} [http://www.saopaulo.sp.gov.br/ingles/saopaulo/index.htm City of São Paulo home page] *{{pt icon}} [http://www.spturis.com São Paulo official tourist agency Web site] *{{pt icon}} [http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br São Paulo City Hall Web site] *{{en icon}} [http://www.metro.sp.gov.br/ingles/index.asp São Paulo Metro Underground official Web site] *{{en icon}} {{pt icon}} [http://www.bovespa.com.br/indexi.asp Bovespa - São Paulo Stock Exchange Web site] *{{en icon}} {{pt icon}} {{es icon}} [http://www.visitesaopaulo.com São Paulo Convention & Visitors Bureau] ===Other Web sites=== * [http://www.spcvb.com.br São Paulo Convention and Visitors Bureau] *{{en icon}} [http://www.gringoes.com Gringoes Website] *{{en icon}} [http://travel.nytimes.com/travel/guides/central-and-south-america/brazil/sao-paulo/overview.html The New York Times São Paulo's Travel Guide] *{{en icon}} [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmtrdind/982/982.pdf UK House of Commons Trade and Industry Committee report on Brazil] === Related Wiki links === * {{wikitravel}} === Maps === *{{pt icon}} [http://maplink.uol.com.br Maplink&nbsp;&mdash; São Paulo Street Guide and Maps] {{Geolinks-cityscale|-23.5433|-46.633}} === News === *{{en icon}} [http://www.renatojanine.pro.br/LEstrangeira/rich.html Rich Brazilians Rise Above Rush-Hour Jams] *{{en icon}} [http://www.adbusters.org/the_magazine/73/So_Paulo_A_City_Without_Ads.html "Sao Paulo: A City Without Ads"] * The Times, [http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/destinations/latin_america/article513082.ece "Cutting-edge style in Sao Paulo"], by Alex Bello. * The Times, [http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/markets/article3006861.ece "Where cafezinho is the key to commerce"], retrieved 06 Dec 2007. * Guardian Unlimited, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2007/nov/20/saopaolo.brazil "Blog by blog guide to … Sao Paulo"]. * The New York Times, [http://travel.nytimes.com/2007/10/14/travel/14hours.html "36 Hours in Sao Paulo"]. {{Brazil topics}} {{Demographics of Brazil}} {{Capitals of Brazilian states}} {{Pan American Games host cities}} {{World's most populated metropolitan areas}} {{World's most populated urban areas}} {{São Paulo state|Metropolitana de São Paulo}} {{Geographic Location (8-way) |Centre =Sao Paulo |North = [[Caieiras]], [[Guarulhos]] and [[Mairiporã]] |Northeast = |East = [[Ferraz de Vasconcelos]], [[Itaquaquecetuba]] and [[Poá]] |Southeast = [[Diadema]], [[Mauá]], [[Santo André (São Paulo)|Santo André]], [[São Bernardo do Campo]] and [[São Caetano do Sul]] |South = [[Itanhaém]] and [[São Vicente (São Paulo)|São Vicente]] |Southwest = |West = [[Cajamar]], [[Cotia (São Paulo)|Cotia]], [[Embu]], [[Embu-Guaçu]], [[Itapecerica da Serra]], [[Juquitiba]], [[Osasco]], [[Santana de Parnaíba]] and [[Taboão da Serra]] |Northwest = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Sao Paulo}} [[Category:Settlements established in 1554]] [[Category:Cities, towns and villages in São Paulo State]] [[Category:São Paulo (city)| ]] [[Category:São Paulo state]] [[Category:Cities in Brazil]] {{Link FA|de}} {{Link FA|hr}} <!--Interwiki--> [[af:São Paulo]] [[als:São Paulo]] [[ar:ساو باولو]] [[frp:São Paulo]] [[gn:São Paulo]] [[az:San Paulo]] [[bn:সাঁউ পাউলু]] [[be-x-old:Сан-Паўлу]] [[bs:Sao Paulo]] [[bg:Сао Пауло]] [[ca:São Paulo]] [[cs:São Paulo]] [[co:São Paulo]] [[cy:São Paulo]] [[da:São Paulo]] [[de:São Paulo]] [[dv:ސައޮ ޕައުލޯ]] [[et:São Paulo]] [[el:Σάο Πάολο]] [[es:São Paulo]] [[eo:San-Paŭlo]] [[eu:Sao Paulo]] [[fa:سائوپائولو]] [[fr:São Paulo]] [[ga:São Paulo]] [[gl:San Paulo - São Paulo (cidade)]] [[ko:상파울루]] [[hi:साओ पाओलो]] [[hr:São Paulo]] [[io:Sao Paulo (urbo)]] [[id:São Paulo]] [[it:San Paolo del Brasile]] [[he:סאו פאולו (עיר)]] [[kn:ಸಾವೊ ಪಾಲೊ]] [[ka:სან-პაულუ]] [[sw:São Paulo]] [[la:Urbs Paulistana]] [[lv:Sanpaulu (pilsēta)]] [[lt:San Paulas]] [[lij:São Paulo]] [[hu:São Paulo]] [[ml:സാവോ പോളോ]] [[ms:São Paulo]] [[nl:São Paulo (stad)]] [[ja:サンパウロ市]] [[no:São Paulo]] [[nn:São Paulo]] [[oc:São Paulo (ciutat)]] [[pms:San Paùl ëd Brasil]] [[pl:São Paulo]] [[pt:São Paulo (cidade)]] [[ro:São Paulo]] [[qu:São Paulo]] [[ru:Сан-Паулу]] [[scn:San Paulu dû Brasili]] [[simple:São Paulo]] [[sk:São Paulo]] [[sl:São Paulo]] [[sr:Сао Пауло]] [[sh:Sao Paulo]] [[fi:São Paulo]] [[sv:São Paulo]] [[th:เซาเปาลู]] [[vi:São Paulo]] [[tg:Сан-Паулу]] [[tr:Sao Paulo]] [[uk:Сан-Паулу]] [[vec:San Pagoło del Braxil]] [[vo:São Paulo (zif)]] [[bat-smg:San Pauls]] [[zh:聖保羅 (巴西)]]