S-200 1380590 225209193 2008-07-12T13:51:43Z TheGerm 610905 /* References */ [[Image:SA-5lncr.gif|thumb|300px|right|Model of the S-200 missile on its launcher. Photo by [[Nellis Air Force Base|Nellis AFB]].]] The [[NPO Almaz]] '''S-200 ''Angara/Vega/Dubna''''' ([[Russian language|Russian]] Ангара\Вега\Дубна), [[NATO reporting name]] '''SA-5 ''Gammon''''', is a very long range, medium-to-high [[altitude]] [[surface-to-air missile]] (SAM) system designed to defend large areas from [[bomber]] attack or other strategic aircraft (such as the [[SR-71 Blackbird|SR-71 "Blackbird"]]). Each [[battalion]] has 6 single-rail missile launchers for the 10.72 [[Metre|m]] (35 [[foot (unit of length)|ft]]) long [[missiles]] and a fire control radar. It can be linked to other, longer-range [[radar]] systems. The original version of this system was deployed in [[1967]] in order to replace the failed [[anti-ballistic missile]] '''RZ-25/5V11 "Dal"'''. The Dal was assigned the NATO reporting name SA-5 "Griffon" before it was cancelled. This was a purposeful deception by the [[USSR]] in order to exploit the massive Dal missiles it had already built and put them on display. ==Missiles== [[Image:sa-5.jpg|thumb|right|S-200 missile elevated to a launch position. Photo from GulfLINK.]] Each missile is launched by 4 [[solid rocket|solid-fueled]] strap-on [[rocket booster]]s. After they drop away it fires a [[dual-thrust]] solid-fueled [[rocket]] motor. Maximum range is between 200 and 350 [[kilometer|km]] (108 and 189 [[nautical mile|nmi]]), depending on the model. The missile uses radio illumination mid-course correction to fly towards the target with a terminal [[semi active radar homing]] phase. Maximum target speed is around [[Mach number|Mach]] 4. Effective altitude is 300 to 20,000 m (1,000 to 66,000 ft) for early models and up to 40,000 m (125,000 ft) for later models. The warhead is either 215 kg (474 lb) of high explosive triggered by proximity or command signal, or a 25 [[kiloton|kT]] [[nuclear weapon|nuclear]] warhead triggered by command signal only. Each missile weighs around 2800 kg (6,200 lb). The system utilises radio [[semi active guidance]] with mid-course correction and has, for the first time in a [[Russia]]n system, terminal semi active radar homing, which is far more accurate at long range than the command guidance method used by the [[SA-4 Ganef|SA-4]] and other missiles. The existence of an optional terminal passive radar homing mode for use against [[AEW]] aircraft remains unconfirmed. Peak missile speed is around [[Mach number|Mach]] 8 and the single-shot [[kill probability]] is quoted as 0.85, presumably against a high altitude bomber-type target. Some sources {{Who|date=July 2007}} claim that the minimum effective range is 60&nbsp;km (37 mi) due to the burn time of the rocket boosters, since the rocket can not maneuver until they are jettisonned, but other sources {{Who|date=July 2007}} claim that this is due to an intelligence mix-up over another missile and the actual minimum range is 7&nbsp;km (4 miles). This "other missile" could be the Dal missile mentioned above and is understandable as they were developed around the same time and are both massive. However, is not unlikely that this system has quite a large minimum range, given its primary role in engaging high-flying reconnaissance or bomber aircraft at long ranges. ==Radar== <!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:5N62.jpg|thumb|360px|right|A 5N62 "Square Pair" fire control radar. Photo from [http://www.military.cz Military.cz].]] --> The fire control radar of the S-200 system is the '''5N62''' (NATO: '''Square Pair''') [[continuous wave|CW]] [[H band]] radar, whose range is 270&nbsp;km (168 mi). It is used for both the tracking of targets and their illumination. ==Additional radar systems== [[Image:P-14 "Tall King".jpg|thumb|right|Oborona "Tall King C" early warning radar<br>(at the Hungarian site Medina <small> more:[http://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/karte902.en.html Radar Basics]</small>)]] *'''P-14/5N84A "Tall King"''' [[A band|A-band]] [[early warning radar]] (range 600&nbsp;km\372 mi, 2-6 [[revolutions per minute|RPM]], maximum search altitude 46&nbsp;km\150,000 ft) *or '''"Big Back"''' [[E band|E-band]] early warning radar (range 600&nbsp;km\372 mi) *'''Kabina 66/5N87 "Back Net"''' or '''"Back Trap"''' E-band early warning radar (with special low-altitude search mod, range 370&nbsp;km\230 mi, 3-6 RPM) *'''P-35/37 "Bar Lock\Bar Lock B"''' 1000 kW E\[[F band|F-band]] target detection and tracking radar (with integrated [[Identification friend or foe|IFF]], range 392&nbsp;km\242 mi, 7 RPM) *'''"Side Net"''' or '''"Odd Pair"''' E-band height finding radar (also used by the [[SA-2 Guideline|SA-2]], [[SA-4 Ganef|SA-4]] and [[SA-6 Gainful|SA-6]], range 240&nbsp;km\148 mi, 3-6 RPM) *'''P-15M(2) "Squat Eye"''' 380 kW [[C band|C-band]] target detection radar (range 128&nbsp;km\80 mi) ==Versions== *'''S-200A''' "Angara" ('''SA-5A'''¹), with the V-860/5V21 or V-860P/5V21A missile, introduced in [[1967]], range 160&nbsp;km (88 mi), ceiling 20&nbsp;km (66,000 ft) *'''S-200V''' "Vega" ('''SA-5B'''¹), with the V-860PV/5V21P missile, introduced in [[1970]], range 250&nbsp;km (155 mi), ceiling 29&nbsp;km (95,000 ft) *'''S-200''' "Vega" ('''SA-5B'''¹), with the V-870 missile, range increased to 300&nbsp;km (186 mi) and ceiling to 40&nbsp;km (125,000ft) with the new, shorter missile and solid fuel motor *'''S-200M''' "Vega-M" ('''SA-5B'''¹), with the V-880/5V28 or V-880N/5V28N² missile, range 300&nbsp;km (186 mi), ceiling 29&nbsp;km (95,000ft) *'''S-200VE''' "Vega-E" ('''SA-5B'''¹), with the V-880E/5V28E missile, export version, high explosive warhead only, range 250&nbsp;km (155 mi), ceiling 29&nbsp;km (95,000ft) *'''S-200D''' "Dubna" ('''SA-5C'''¹), with the 5V25V, V-880M/5V28M or V-880MN/5V28MN² missile, introduced in [[1976]], high explosive or nuclear warhead, range 400&nbsp;km (248 mi), ceiling 40&nbsp;km (125,000ft). ¹: [[United States Department of Defense|US DoD]] designation. ²: a suffix of "N" denotes the nuclear warhead. ==Operators== === Current Operators === *{{ALG}} *{{AZE}} *{{BUL}} has 1 battalion. *{{IRN}} has about 10 launchers. *{{KAZ}} *{{LAT}} *{{LBY}} has approx. 6 battalions. *{{LTU}} *{{MDA}} has 1 battalion. *{{PRK}} has 2 battalions. *{{POL}} has 1 battalion. *{{SYR}} has 2 battalions. *{{TKM}} *{{UKR}} retained a number of sites after the breakup of the [[USSR]], only S-200V remain in service. *{{UZB}} === Former Operators === *{{BLR}} had approx. 4 battalions. *{{CZS}} had 5 battalions. Passesd onto successor states *{{CZE}} inherited all Czechoslovak, out of service since mid 1990s *{{DDR}} had 4 battalions. Passesd onto successor states *{{HUN}} had 1 battalion. *{{URS}}/{{RUS}}, was originally deployed with the ZA-PVO in the strategic air defence role. It was phased out starting in the [[1980s]] and completely gone by around [[2001]]. ==Accidents== In [[4 October]] [[2001]], a [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] S-200 battery missed its intended target and accidentally shot down a [[Tu-154]] airliner en route from [[Tel Aviv]], [[Israel]] to [[Novosibirsk]], [[Siberia]], killing 78 people (''see'' [[Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 accident]]). ==References== {{Commons|S-200}} *[http://www.missilethreat.com/systems/s-200.html MissileThreat.com] *[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/airdef/s-200.htm Federation of American Scientists page] *[http://venus.ci.uw.edu.pl/~animal/military.pl/syst_p_lotnicze/rakietowe/sa-5_gammon_s-200-angara/ Polish Military] *[http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/s200.htm Astronautix.com] *[http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/radar-rus.htm Federation of American Scientists Russian Radars page] *[http://rammstein.dfmk.hu/~s200/ S-200 battalion locations and satellite photos] {{Russian surface-to-air missiles}} [[Category:Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union]] [[Category:Science and technology in the Soviet Union]] [[az:Zenit raket kompleksi S200]] [[de:SA-5 Gammon]] [[fr:S–200]] [[it:SA-5 Gammon]] [[he:אלמאז S-200]] [[hu:SZ–200]] [[pl:S-200 Wega]] [[ru:ЗРК С-200]] [[sv:SA-5 Gammon]] [[zh:SA-5]]