STMicroelectronics 162971 222159796 2008-06-27T21:09:03Z 192.124.124.102 /* Closing sites */ {{Primarysources|article|date=May 2007}} {{Infobox_Company | company_name = STMicroelectronics N.V. | company_logo = [[Image:STMicroelectronics.svg|150px]]| company_type = [[Public company|Public]] : [[Milan]] [[Borsa Italiana]]: [http://www.borsaitaliana.it/bitApp/scheda.bit?target=StrumentoMTA&isin=NL0000226223&lang=it STM], [[New-York]] {{nyse|STM}}, and [[Paris]] {{euronext|STM}})| company_slogan = Service & Technology| foundation = 1957 as Società Generale Semiconduttori, 1987 as SGS-Thomson| location_city = {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Geneva]] | location_country = [[Switzerland]] | key_people = Carlo Bozotti, Président and [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] since 2005<br>Alain Dutheil, [[Chief operating officer|COO]] since 2005<br>Pasquale Pistorio, CEO between 1987 and 2005 | industry = [[Semiconductor]]s| products = [[Integrated circuit]]s for specific applications, Memories ([[Flash memory|flash]], [[EEPROM]]), [[Microcontroller]]s, [[smartcard]]s, [[analog circuit]]s power ICs , etc.| | revenue = {{profit}} [[US$]] 10.0 billion (2007) | num_employees = 51,770 (2006)| | homepage = [http://www.st.com/ www.st.com] }} '''STMicroelectronics''' ({{nyse|STM}}, {{Euronext|STM}}, {{ISE|NL0000226223|STM}}) is an [[electronics]] and [[semiconductor]] manufacturer headquartered in in [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]. The company has deep Italian and French roots and the bulk of its work force is employed in these two countries. While STMicroelectronics corporate headquarters and the headquarters for [[Europe]] and emerging markets, are based in Geneva, the holding company, STMicroelectronics N.V. is registered in [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]. The company’s US headquarters are in [[Carrollton, Texas]]. Headquarters for the Asia-Pacific region are based in [[Singapore]] and Japanese operations are headquartered in [[Tokyo]]. The company headquarters for the [[Greater China]] region are in [[Shanghai]]. ==History== STMicroelectronics was formed in June 1987 by the merger of semiconductor companies Società Generale Semiconduttori Microelettronica (SGS Microelettronica) of [[Italy]] and Thomson Semiconducteurs, the semiconductor arm of [[France|France's]] [[Thomson SA|Thomson]]. At the time of the merger the company was known as SGS-THOMSON but took its current name in May 1998 following the withdrawal of Thomson SA as an owner. SGS Microelettronica and Thomson Semiconducteurs were both long-established semiconductor companies. SGS Microelettronica originated il [[1972]] from a previous merger of two companies: ATES (Aquila Tubi e Semiconduttori), a vacuum tube and semiconductor maker headquartered in the [[Abruzzi|Abruzzese]] city of [[l'Aquila]], who in [[1961]] changed its name into ''Azienda Tecnica ed Elettronica del Sud'' and relocated its manufacturing plant in the outskirts of the Sicilian city of [[Catania]], and Società Generale Semiconduttori (founded in 1957 by Adriano [[Olivetti]]). Thomson Semiconducteurs was created in 1982 by the French government's widespread nationalisation of industries. It included: * the semiconductor activities of the French electronics company [[Thomson SA|Thomson]]. * [[Mostek]], a US company founded in 1969 by some ex-employees of [[Texas Instruments]]. * Silec, founded in 1977. * Eurotechnique founded in 1979 in [[Rousset, Bouches-du-Rhône]] as a [[joint-venture]] between [[Saint-Gobain]] of France and US-based [[National Semiconductor]]. * EFCIS, founded in 1977. * SESCOSEM, founded in 1969. After its creation by merger in 1987, SGS-Thomson was ranked 14th among the top 20 semiconductor suppliers with sales of around US$850 million. The company has participated in the consolidation of the semiconductor industry since its formation, with acquisitions including: * In 1989, British company [[Inmos]] known for its [[transputer]] [[microprocessor]]s from parent [[Thorn EMI]]. * In 1994, Canada-based [[Nortel]]'s semiconductor activities. * In 2002, Alcatel's Microelectronics division, which along with the incorporation of smaller ventures such as UK company, Synad Ltd, helped the company expand into the Wireless-LAN market. On 8 December 1994, the company completed its initial public offering on the Paris and New York stock exchanges. Owner Thomson SA sold its stake in the company in 1998 when the company also listed on the [[Borsa Italiana]] in [[Milan]]. By 2005, STMicroelectronics was ranked fifth, behind [[Intel]], [[Samsung]], [[Texas Instruments]] and [[Toshiba]], but ahead of [[Infineon]], [[Renesas]], [[NEC]], [[NXP Semiconductors|NXP]], and [[Freescale]]. The company is the largest European semiconductors supplier, ahead of Infineon and NXP (see [[Semiconductor sales leaders by year]]). == Shareholders == As of 2005 the shareholders were: * 72.4% public * 13.5% [[Areva]] of France * 8.1% [[Finmeccanica]] of Italy * 5.4% Cassa Depositi e Prestiti of Italy ==Company structure== ST consists of five product groups. Each group is composed of several divisions or business units. Each division is responsible for the design, industrialization, manufacturing and marketing for its own product portfolio. Operations are assisted by a central R&D organisation and the local sales offices. * '''Mobile Multimedia Communication''': Consumer, multimedia, wireless and wireline products. Digital consumer application specific standard products (ASSPs) such as coders and decoders [[MPEG-2]] and [[MPEG-4]]. Wireless [[ASIC]]s.[[Smartcard|Smartcards]]. Electronic Passports. * '''Memory Product Group''': stand-alone memory chips ([[EEPROM]], [[Flash memory|Flash memories]] (nand & nor), serial flash memories and [[smartcard]]s). [[Non-volatile memory]] including NOR and NAND [[Flash memory]] now with [[Numonyx]] * '''Automotive Product Group''': Analog and digital chips for the automotive market. Products include car entertainment and digital radio broadcasting integrated circuits; and microcontrollers for automotive, power trains, safety and other application specific products. * '''Micro, Power and Analog Group''': Analog and power circuits and [[microcontroller]]s. [[Microcontrollers]]: ST6, ST7, µPSD, ST9, ST10, STR7, STR9, STM32. Discrete semiconductor products * '''Computer Peripheral Group''': Chips for computer peripherals (hard disk drive controllers, printers, etc).Computer peripheral ASICs (such as [[hard disk drive]]s and [[Computer printer|printers]] * '''Front End Technology and Manufacturing''': research and development. The company has 16 research and development units and 39 design and application centers. {{Fact|date=September 2007}} STMicroelectronics has been involved in developing [[MEMS]] since 2001. This research and development was initially done at the company's Castelletto site but since its closure in June 2006, MEMS activities have moved to the Agrate main fab.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} Following an earlier failure, STMicroelectronics has stayed out of the volatile markets for [[DRAM]] and [[Personal computer|PC]] [[microprocessor]]s. In 1994, it attempted to launch compatible [[Intel]] x[[Intel 80486]] [[microprocessor]]s in partnership with American company [[Cyrix]]. One model only was completed, the 1995 Cyrix M1 microprocessor, which was intended to compete with Intel's [[Pentium]] family.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} It did achieve some success, however, in the PC-compatible [[x86]] [[embedded systems]] market with its STPC [[System-on-a-chip|SoC]] line, culminating in the 486-class STPC Atlas, which reached end-of-life in 2008. == Manufacturing facilities== Unlike so-called [[fabless semiconductor company|fabless semiconductor companies]], STMicroelectronics owns and operates its own semiconductor wafer [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]]s. The company owned five 8 inch (200 mm) wafer fabs and one 12 inch (300 mm) wafer fab in 2006.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Most of the production is scaled at 0.18 µm, 0.13 µm, 90 nm and 65 nm (measurements of gate transistor length). STMicroelectronics also owns back-end plants, where silicon dies are assembled and bonded into plastic or ceramic packages.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} Major sites include: {{Fact|date=February 2007}} ===Milan and Catania Italy=== Employing 6,000 staff, the Milan facilities match Grenoble in importance. [[Agrate Brianza]], employs around 4000 staff and is a historical base of the company (ex SGS). The site has several [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] lines (including an 8 inch (200 mm) fab) and an R&D center. [[Settimo Milanese|Castelletto]], employs 300 to 400 staff and hosts some divisions and R&D centers. The Catania plant in Sicily employs 5,000 staff and hosts several R&D centers and divisions, focusing on flash memory technologies as well as two fabs. The plant was launched in 1961 by ATES to supply under licensing to [[RCA]] of the US and initially using [[Germanium]]. The site's two major wafer fabs are * an 8 inch (200 mm) fab, opened in April 1997 by [[Romano Prodi]], president of the Italian council and a 12 inch (300 mm) fab under construction. ===Grenoble, France=== Grenoble is one of the company's most important R&D centres, employing around 6,000 staff. The Polygone site employs 2200 staff and is one of the historical bases of the company (ex SGS). All the historical wafer [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] lines are now closed but the site hosts the headquarters of many divisions (marketing, design, industrialization) and an important R&D center, focused on silicon and software design and fab process development. The [[Crolles]] site hosts an 8 inch (200 mm) and a 12 inch (300 mm) fab and was originally built as a common R&D center for submicrometre technologies as part of the 1990 ''Grenoble 92'' partnership between SGS-Thomson and [[CNET]], the R&D center of French telecom company '''France Telecom'''. The 8 inch (200 mm) fab, known as Crolles 1, is the company's first and was built as part of a 1991 partnership between SGS-Thomson and [[Philips]] to develop new manufacturing technologies. Crolles 1 was opened on [[9 September]] [[1993]] by Gérard Longuet, French minister for industry. The 12 inch (300 mm) fab was inaugurated by French president [[Jacques Chirac]], on [[27 February]] [[2003]]. It includes a R&D center which focuses on developing new nanometric technology processes for 90 nm to 32 nm scale using 12 inch (300 mm) [[wafer]]s is the result of the ''The Crolles 2 Alliance'''. STMicroelectronics, [[TSMC]], [[NXP Semiconductors]] (formerly [[Philips]] semiconductor) and [[Freescale]] (formerly [[Motorola]] semiconductor) partnered in 2002 to develop the facility. The technologies developed at the facility are being used by global semiconductor [[foundry]] [[TSMC]] of Taiwan, to launch production facilities in [[Taiwan]]. ===Rousset, France=== Employing around 3,000 staff, Rousset hosts several division headquarters including [[smartcard]]s, [[microcontrollers]], [[serial flash]] and [[EEPROM]] as well as several R&D centers. Rousset also hosts an 8 inch (200 mm) fab which was opened on [[15 May 2000]] by French prime minister [[Lionel Jospin]]. The site opened in 1979 as a 4 inch (100 mm) [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] opertated by Eurotechnique, a joint venture between [[Saint Gobain]] of France and [[National Semiconductor]] of the US. Rousset was sold to Thomson-CSF in 1982 as part of the French government's 1981-82 nationalization of several industries. As part of the nationalisation, a former [[Thomson]] plant in the center of [[Aix-en-Provence]] operating since the 1960s was closed and staff were transferred to the new Rousset site. The original 4 inch (100 mm) [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] was upgraded into 5 inch (130 mm) and later 6 inch (150 mm) fab in 1996. It is now being shut down. In 1988, a small group of employees from the Thomson Rousset plant (including the director, Marc Lassus) founded a start-up company, [[Gemalto]] (formerly known as [[Gemplus]]) which became a leader in the [[smartcard]] industry. ===Tours, France=== Employing 1500 staff, this site hosts a [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] and R&D centers.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} ===Ang Mo Kio, Singapore=== In 1970, SGS created its first assembly back-end plant in Singapore, in the area of [[Toa Payoh]]. Then in 1981, SGS decided to build a wafer [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] in Singapore. The Singapore technical engineers have been trained in Italy and the fab of Ang Mo Kio started to produce its first wafers in 1984. Converted up to 8 inch (200 mm) fab, this is now an important 8 inch (200 mm) wafer fab of the group. Ang Mo Kio also hosts some design centers. The site currently employs 6000 staff.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} ===Greater Noida and Bangalore, India=== The Noida was launched in 1992 to conduct software engineering activities. A silicon design center was inaugurated on 14 February 1995. With 120 employees, it was the largest design center of the company outside Europe at the time. In 2006, the site was shifted to [[Greater Noida]] for further expansion. The site hosts mainly design teams. A site has also been launched in [[Bangalore]] and employs 100. ==Other sites== ===Administrative headquarters=== * [[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]: Corporate headquarter which hosts most of the ST top management. It totals some hundred of employees. * [[Saint-Genis]], [[France]], near [[Geneva]]: A few hundred of employees. Headquarters for logistics. * [[Paris]], [[Montrouge]]: Marketing and support. ===Assembly plants=== * [[Malta]]: In 1981, SGS-Thomson (now STMicroelectronics) built its first assembly plant in Malta. STMicroelectronics is, as of 2008, the largest private employer on the island, employing around 2,200 people. * [[Muar]], [[Malaysia]]: around 4000 employees. This site was built in 1974 by Thomson and is now an assembly plant. * [[Shenzhen]], Guangdong province, [[China]], near [[Hong Kong]]: In 1994, ST and the [[Shenzhen Electronics Group]] signed a partnership to construct and jointly operate an assembly plant (ST has majority with 60%). The plant is located in Futian Free Trade Zone and became operational in 1996. It has around 3,300 employees. A new assembly plant is planned in Longgang for 2008. The R&D, design, sales and marketing office is located in the Hi-tech industrial park in Nanshan district. * [[Bristol]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]: approx. 200 employees. This R&D site was built for the British company [[Inmos Ltd.]] which in 1978 began development of the famous [[Transputer]] microprocessor. The site was acquired with Inmos in 1994, and is now primarily involved with the design of home video products ([[Set-top box|Set-Top Box]], [[DVD]]), [[GPS]] and [[Wireless LAN]] chips, and accompanying software. ===Design Centers=== * [[Rabat]], [[Morocco]]: A design center that employs 160 people. * [[Naples]], [[Italy]]: A Design center employing 300 people. * [[Lecce]], [[Italy]]: HW & SW Design Center which hosts 20 researchers in the Advanced System Technology group. * [[Greater Noida]], [[India]]: A Design Center employing 1700 people. * [[San Jose, California]], ([[Silicon Valley]]), [[USA]]): 120 staff in marketing, design and applications. * [[La Jolla, California]], ([[San Diego]]), [[USA]]): 80 staff in design and applications. * [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]], [[United States|U.S.]]: Application, support, and marketing. * [[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]]: 100 to 200 employees. Application, design and support. * [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]]: 300 employees. Support, Application, design and Ssupport. * [[Sophia Antipolis]], near [[Nice]], [[France]]: Design center with a few hundred employees. * [[Bristol]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]: Design center. * [[Edinburgh]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]: Design center. * [[Grasbrunn]], [[Germany]]: Design & Application Center. * [[Ottawa]], [[Canada]]: In 1993, SGS-Thomson purchased the semiconductor activities of [[Nortel]] which owned in Ottawa an R&D center and a fab. The fab was closed in 2000, but the R&D centre, back-end support and the sales are still operating at the site. * [[Palermo]], [[Sicily]], [[Italy]]: Design Center. * [[Bangalore]], [[India]]: Design Center. * [[Zaventem]], [[Belgium]]: 100 employees. Design & Application Center. * [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]: Design Center. * [[Turku]], [[Finland]]: Design Center. * [[Oulu]], [[Finland]]: Design Center. * [[Tampere]], [[Finland]]: Design Center. * [[Longmont]], [[USA]]: Design Center. ===Sales offices=== * [[Shanghai]], [[China]] * [[Beijing]], [[China]] * [[La Jolla, CA]], [[United States|U.S.]] * [[Lexington, MA]], [[United States|U.S.]] * [[Marlow, Buckinghamshire|Marlow]], [[United Kingdom|UK]] * [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]] * [[Osaka]], [[Japan]] * [[Nagoya]], [[Japan]]: Marketing and support. * [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], [[United Kingdom|UK]] * [[Schaumburg, Illinois]], [[United States|U.S.]] * [[Wilsonville]], [[United States|U.S.]] * [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] ===Closing sites=== The [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], [[Arizona]] 8 inch (200 mm) fab, the [[Carrollton]], [[Texas]] 6 inch (150 mm) fab, and the [[Ain Sebaa, Morocco]] fab are beginning ramp down plans, and are destined to close by 2010.<ref>[http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2542c.htm ST | STMicroelectronics Outlines Next Steps to Improve Cost Structure | C2542C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The Carrollton site was built in 1969 by [[Mostek]], an American company founded by former employees of [[Texas Instruments]]. Mostek was acquired by United Technologies which was in turn purchased by [[Thomson]] Semiconducteurs in 1985. Initially equipped with a 4 inch (100 mm) fab, it was converted into a 6 inch (150 mm) [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] in 1988. The [[Colorado Springs]] activities of British company [[INMOS]] were transferred to Carrolton in 1989 following its acquisition SGS Thomson. Since then the site has been refocused to [[wafer]] testing. On July 10, 2007, ST announced it would close this fab.<ref>[http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2542c.htm ST | STMicroelectronics Outlines Next Steps to Improve Cost Structure | C2542C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> SGS first presence in the US was a sales office based in [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]] in the early 1980s. Later, under SGS-Thomson, an 8 inch (200 mm) fab was completed in Phoenix in 1995. The company's second 8" [[Fab (semiconductors)|fab]] after Crolles 1, the site was first dedicated to producing microprocessors for [[Cyrix]]. The 8 inch (200 mm) fab is now used to manufacture machines for the company. On July 10, 2007, ST said that it would close this fab.<ref>[http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2542c.htm ST | STMicroelectronics Outlines Next Steps to Improve Cost Structure | C2542C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The [[Casablanca]], [[Morocco]] site consists of two assembly parts (Bouskoura and Aïn Sebaâ) and totals around 4000 employees. It was opened in the 1960s by [[Thomson]]. ST is Morocco's biggest exporter.{{Fact|date=May 2007}} ===Closed sites=== * [[Rennes]], [[France]] hosted a 6 inch (150 mm) fab and was closed in 2004 * [[Rancho Bernardo]], [[California]], a 4 inch (100 mm) fab created by [[Nortel]] and purchased by SGS-Thomson in 1994, after which it was converted into a 6 inch (150 mm) fab in 1996. * [[Turkey]] site in 2007. ===Future locations=== * STMicroelectronics and [[Hynix]] of South Korean have created a joint-venture to construct a wafer fab for [[Flash memory|nand flash memories]]. STMicroelectronics has a 33% stake in ST/Hynix which was intended to be operational by the end of 2006.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} * STMicroelectronics is negotiating with Chinese joint venture foundry Hua Hong NEC Electronics Co. Ltd. located in [[Shanghai]] to build a 12 inch (300 mm) fab in [[China]]. Foundry owners are Hua Hong and [[NEC]] of Japan.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} * On August 8, 2007 ST bought [[Nokia]]'s [[microchip]] development team and plans to invest heavily in development of cellular ASIC applications. The purchase included Nokia's ASIC team in [[Southwood]] UK and the company plans to opening several sites in [[Finland]].<ref>[http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2547c.htm ST | Nokia and STMicroelectronics plan deeper ties in 3G technology development | C2547C<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.nokia.com/A4136001?newsid=1144794 Nokia - ShowPressRelease<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.electronicsweekly.com/Articles/2007/08/08/41943/nokia-lines-up-chip-transfer-to-st.htm Nokia lines up chip transfer to ST<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. * On December 11, 2007 - ST announced its intention to purchase [[Genesis Microchip]][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genesis_Microchip]. December 11, 2007 press release [http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2007/c2554c.htm], and on January 17, 2008 [http://www.st.com/stonline/press/news/year2008/c2560c.htm] ST announced it had acquired 91% of Genesis and will be having a second tendor offering and completing the merger as quickly as possible. Genesis Microchip is known for their strength in video processing technology ([[Faroudja]]) and has design centres located in [[Santa Clara]], [[Toronto]], and [[Bangalore]]. ==See also== * [[Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre]] (IMEC) ==References== <references /> ==External links== *[http://www.st.com/ Corporate website] {{S&P/MIB companies}} {{CAC 40 companies}} {{IT giants}} [[Category:Electronics companies]] [[Category:Semiconductor companies]] [[de:STMicroelectronics]] [[es:STMicroelectronics]] [[fr:STMicroelectronics]] [[ko:ST마이크로일렉트로닉스]] [[id:STMicroelectronics]] [[it:STMicroelectronics]] [[ja:STマイクロエレクトロニクス]] [[ro:STMicroelectronics]] [[ru:STMicroelectronics]] [[fi:STMicroelectronics]] [[sv:STMicroelectronics]] [[zh:意法半導體]]