Sadism and masochism in fiction
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{{See|Sadism and masochism|BDSM}}
The role of '''Sadism and masochism in fiction''' has attracted serious scholarly attention. John Kucich has noted the importance of masochism in late-nineteenth century British colonial fiction.<ref>[http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i8294.html Imperial Masochism: British Fiction, Fantasy, and Social Class] by John Kucich (Princeton University Press, 2006)</ref> This article provides a list of appearances of Sadism and masochism in not just literature, but various works of fiction in multiple forms of media.<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-114924480.html An esthetics of masochism? The author wonders if the curators of an Austrian exhibition on masochism in art erred in taking an overly literal approach to their subject] From ''Art in America'' (4/1/2004) by Barry Schwabsky</ref><ref>[http://www.sensesofcinema.com/contents/02/22/steele.html Barbara Steele's Ephemeral Skin: Feminism, Fetishism and Film] by Lecturer Patricia MacCormack of Anglia Polytechnic University, Cambridge</ref><ref>[http://www.amateurgourmet.com/the_amateur_gourmet/2006/06/sadism_masochis.html Sadism, Masochism, Food and Television]</ref>
== Novels ==
Titles are sorted in chronological order.
*[[Fanny Hill|''Fanny Hill'']] by [[John Cleland]] - Includes a detailed description of a mutual [[flagellation]] scene between Fanny and an English client.
*''[[The 120 Days of Sodom]]'', ''[[The Misfortunes of Virtue|Justine]]'' (1791) and ''[[L'Histoire de Juliette|Juliette]]'' (1797) by [[Marquis de Sade]] - Are written from an extreme sadistic viewpoint.<ref name="Wood-deSade">{{Harv|Wood|1995|p=1, "Derivations and Definitions".}} "The term [[sadism]] derives from the Marquis de Sade (1740-1814), a French nobleman imprisoned for his libertinism and for writing fantastic novels such as ''Justine'' and ''Juliette'' (both 1797) that equated sexual pleasure with the inflicting of pain, humiliation, and cruelty."</ref>
*''[[Anti-Justine]]'' (1793) by [[Nicolas-Edme Rétif]] A response to de Sade's works, using a very similar style to describe a directly opposite political point of view.
*''[[Venus in Furs]]'' (1870) by [[Leopold von Sacher-Masoch]] - Is essentially one long masochistic fantasy, where the male principal character encourages his mistress to mistreat him. Many of Sacher-Masoch's other works include themes of sadomasochism and female dominance.
*[[The Torture Garden (novel)|''The Torture Garden'']] (1899) by [[Octave Mirbeau]] - Has been interpreted as an allegorical examination of western society and human condition.
*''Les Onze mille verges'' (''The eleven thousand rods'') by [[Guillaume Apollinaire]] - written around 1906-1907 (the publication is neither signed nor dated).
*''[[Histoire de l'oeil]]'' (''Story of the Eye'') (1928) by [[Georges Bataille]] - A short novel.
*The ''[[Story of O]]'' (1954) by [[Pauline Réage]] - Another classic masochistic novel, this time written by a woman. In this novel, the female principal character is kept in a chateau and mistreated by a group of men, one of them her official lover. Later, she resumes her normal life while secretly becoming the property of one specific man, a friend of her lover's.<ref name="Wood-StoryO">{{Harv|Wood|1995|p=2, "Sadomasochistic Literature in Earlier Cultures".}} "Pauline Reage's ''The Story of O'' (1954) made a great impact on lesbian erotic writing..."</ref>
*''[[The Image (novel)|L'Image]]'' (1956) by [[Catherine Robbe-Grillet]], (under the pseudonym [[Jean de Berg]]) another French woman. It was made into a 1975 film, ''[[The Image (film)|The Image]]'', also known as ''[[The Image (film)|The Punishment of Anne]]''.
*''[[Gordon (novel)|Gordon]]'' (1966) by [[Edith Templeton]]
*''Je... Ils...'' (1969) by [[Arthur Adamov]] _ With stories like ''Fin Août''. The author revolves around [[Masochism]], which he regarded as "immunisation against death", but does not aim erotic arousal.
*Horror novelist [[Clive Barker]]'s ''[[The Hellbound Heart]]'' (1986), offers an extreme, gruesome study of sadomasochism, illustrated rather graphically by the brutal rituals of its infamous demonic antagonists. See [[Cenobite (Hellraiser)]].
*''[[Die Klavierspielerin]]'' (Reinbeck, 1983) or ''[[The Piano Teacher]]'' by Elfriede Jelinek.
*''[[Le lien|The Ties that Bind (Le Lien)]]'' (1993) by [[Vanessa Duriès]]
*''Matriarchy: Freedom in Bondage'', [[1997]] by [[Malcolm McKesson]] (An [[Outsider art]]ist) - It tells the story of a [[Harvard]] undergraduate dominated by his mistress and forced to dress in women's clothing.
*''Marketplace'' series of novels by [[Laura Antoniou]]
*''[[Macho Sluts]]'' by [[Patrick Califia|Pat Califia]]<ref name="Wood-Califia">{{Harv|Wood|1995|p=4, "Pat Califia".}}</ref>
*''[[Kushiel's Dart]]'' by [[Jacqueline Carey]] - Belongs in the [[fantasy fiction]] and BDSM fiction genres, along with its subsequent sequels.
*Writer [[Anne Rice]] has produced a number of examples of sado-masochistic fiction, including ''[[Exit to Eden]]'' and ''[[Belinda (Anne Rice novel)|Belinda]]'' as well as ''[[The Claiming of Sleeping Beauty]]'' and its sequels, ''[[Beauty's Punishment]]'' and ''[[Beauty's Release]]''. The Sleeping Beauty books were written under the pseudonym A.N. Roquelaure.
==Specialist publishers of S/M fiction==
* [[Nexus Books]]
* [[Black Lace (books)|Black Lace]]
* [[Silver Moon Books]]
== Mainstream films ==
Consensual BDSM is not generally depicted accurately or sympathetically in mainstream films, to say the least; however, film-makers often find some way to incorporate [[BDSM imagery]] into many films. The following films feature BDSM as a major plot point, not just as an exploitative add-on.<ref>[http://www.jahsonic.com/SMCinema.html Sadism and masochism in mainstream film]</ref>
Sado-masochism is featured as a central plot element in the following mainstream drama films:
Art movies:
* ''[[The Whip and the Body]]'' (''La Frusta e il Corpo'') (1965) (starring [[Christopher Lee]] and [[Daliah Lavi]])
* ''[[Belle de jour]]'' (1967) (starring [[Catherine Deneuve]])
* ''[[The Libertine (1969 film)|The Libertine]]'', (''La Matriarca'') (1969)
* ''[[Daughters of Darkness]]'', (''Le Rouge aux Lèvres'') (1971) directed by [[Harry Kümel]] starring [[Delphine Seyrig]]
* ''[[The Bitter Tears of Petra von Kant]]'', (''Die Bitteren Tränen der Petra von Kant'') (1972) directed by [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]]
* ''[[The Night Porter]]'', (''Il Portiere di notte'') (1974) (starring [[Dirk Bogarde]] and [[Charlotte Rampling]])
* ''[[Story of O]]'', (''Histoire d'O'') (1975)
* ''[[The Image (film)|The Image]]'', (''The Punishment of Anne'') (1975)
* ''[[Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma|Salo, or The 120 Days of Sodom]]'', (''Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma'') (1975) directed by [[Pier Paolo Pasolini]]
* ''[[Maîtresse]]'', (1976) starring [[Gérard Depardieu]] and [[Bulle Ogier]]
* ''[[A Woman in Flames (film)|A Woman in Flames]]'', (''Die Flambierte Frau'') (1983)
* ''[[Crimes of Passion]]'', (1984)
* ''[[Seduction: The Cruel Woman]]'', (''Verführung: Die grausame Frau'') (1985)
* ''[[Blue Velvet]]'' (1986) (starring [[Kyle MacLachlan]], [[Isabella Rossellini]], [[Dennis Hopper]] and [[Laura Dern]])
* ''[[9½ Weeks]]'', (1986) (starring [[Kim Basinger]] and [[Mickey Rourke]])
* ''[[Tokyo Decadence]]'', (''Topazu'') (1991)
* ''[[Bitter Moon]]'' (1992) (starring [[Hugh Grant]], [[Kristin Scott Thomas]], [[Emmanuelle Seigner]], and [[Peter Coyote]])
* ''[[Spanking Love]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Venus in Furs]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Conspirators of Pleasure]]'' (1996) directed by [[Jan Švankmajer]]
* ''[[The Bondage Master]]'' (1996) (Japanese indie film directed by Keisuke Konishi)
* ''[[Of Freaks and Men]]'', (''Pro urodov i lyudej'') (1998)
* ''Lies'', (''[[Gojitmal]]'') (1999)
* ''[[Moonlight Whispers]]'', (''Sasayaki'') (1999)<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401E2DC173AF931A15752C1A9669C8B63 FILM REVIEW; Masochists Always Hurt The Ones They Love] By A. O. SCOTT (November 22, 2000)</ref>
* ''[[Romance (1999 film)|Romance]]'', (''Romance X'') (1999)
* ''[[Quills]]'', (2000) (starring [[Geoffrey Rush]], [[Kate Winslet]] and [[Joaquin Phoenix]])
* ''[[The Piano Teacher]]'', (''La Pianiste'') (2001) (starring [[Isabelle Huppert]] and [[Benoit Magimel]])
* ''[[Secretary (movie)|Secretary]]'' (2002) (starring [[James Spader]] and [[Maggie Gyllenhaal]])
* ''[[Bettie Page: Dark Angel]]'' (2004)
* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/24/7_The_Passion_of_Life ''The Passion of Life''] (2005)
* ''[[A Year Without Love]]'' (''Un año sin amor'') (2005) (directed by [[Anahi Berneri]])
* ''Hounded'' (''Verfolgt'') (2007) (directed by [[Angelina Maccarone]])
Comedy:
* ''[[The Little Shop of Horrors]]'' (1960), [[Little Shop of Horrors (film)|musical version]] (1986) (starring [[Rick Moranis]], [[Ellen Greene]], [[Vincent Gardenia]], [[Steve Martin]], and [[Bill Murray]])
* ''[[The Choirboys (film)|The Choirboys]]'' (1977)
* ''[[Personal Services]]'' (1987) (starring [[Julie Walters]])
* ''[[Exit to Eden]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Preaching to the Perverted]]'' (1997) (starring [[Guinevere Turner]])
Thrillers:
* ''[[Videodrome]]'' (1983)
* ''[[Tightrope (film)|Tightrope]]'' (1984) (starring [[Clint Eastwood]] and [[Geneviève Bujold]])
* ''[[Basic Instinct]]'' (1992) (starring [[Michael Douglas]] and [[Sharon Stone]])
* ''[[Body of Evidence (film)|Body of Evidence]]'' (1993) (starring [[Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna]] and [[Willem Dafoe]])
* ''[[8mm (film)|8 mm]]'' (1999) (starring [[Nicolas Cage]] and [[Joaquin Phoenix]])
* ''[[The Cell]]'' (2000) (directed by [[Tarsem Singh]])
* ''[[Ichi the Killer]]'' (2001) (directed by [[Takashi Miike]])
== Television ==
{{Importance-sect}}<!-- Not all passing depictions on television are important enough to list. Case is not made for most of these. -->
*The [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] series ''[[The Inside]]'' episode "[[Old Wounds (The Inside episode)|Old Wounds]]" dealt exclusively with S&M, and was criticized by the [[Parents Television Council]] as a result.<ref>[http://www.parentstv.org/PTC/publications/bw/2005/0627worst.asp Parents Television Council Presents: Worst TV Show of the Week] - ''The Inside'' on Fox By Caroline Schulenburg</ref>
*The television series ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'' has featured sado-masochistic themes in the plots of a number of episodes, most notably in the special episode "[[Lady Heather's Box]]".<ref>[http://www.csiguide.com/episode.asp?csi=74 "Lady Heather (Melinda Clarke), a dominatrix"]</ref> <!-- Is this notable? -->
*Season 4 of [[HBO]] series ''[[Six Feet Under (TV series)|Six Feet Under]]'' features a character (Joe) who wants to adopt a submissive sexual role in his relationship with [[Brenda Chenowith|Brenda]].{{Fact|date=December 2007}}
*A ''[[Family Guy]]'' gag depicts main characters [[Lois Griffin|Lois]] and [[Peter Griffin|Peter]] suiting up for a sadomasochistic session while having a mundane conversation about unrelated matters from the plot of that episode. Toys have been made of this scene.<ref>[http://www.mwctoys.com/REVIEW_051105a.htm Family Guy 'Nighttime' Peter and Lois]</ref> In the audio commentary for that episode it is noted that such a practice seemed normal to them.
*Season 2 of the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] medical drama ''[[House (TV series)|House]]'', a patient is deeply involved in a BDSM relationship.{{Fact|date=December 2007}}<!-- Is this notable? -->
* Rex Van de Kamp of ''[[Desperate Housewives]]'' was unveiled as a lover of S&M, much to the disgust of his wife, Bree.<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,146707,00.html "Cherry says other deleted "Housewives" content that could grace a DVD include an S&M sequence featuring Sharon Lawrence and Steven Culp, who plays Bree Van De Kamp's husband, Rex"]</ref><!-- Is this notable? -->
== Drama ==
*[[Thomas Shadwell]]'s play ''[[The Virtuoso (play)|The Virtuoso]]'' (1676) includes an old [[libertine]] named Snarl who entreats a prostitute, Mrs Figgup, to bring out the birch rods. It is unclear if he is to flog her or be flogged.
*In [[Thomas Otway]]'s play ''[[Venice Preserved]]'' (1682), Act III, Scene i, an old senator, Antonio, visits the house of Aquilina, a Greek courtesan. Antonio pretends to be a bull, then a frog, begging her to spit on him, and then a dog, biting her legs. She whips him, then throws him out and tells her footmen to keep him out.
* [[Jean Genet]]'s play ''[[The Maids]]'' (1947) concerns two maids who play out dominant and submissive roles.
* Genet's play ''[[The Balcony]]'' (1959) is set in a brothel where clients and staff perform various fetishized roles while a revolution brews outside.
*The play ''[[Oh! Calcutta!]]'' includes at least two segments with sadomasochistic themes. One of them, set in a fantasy of an English girls public school, invites the audience to vote on which of four "girls" is beaten at the end.
==Poetry==
*[[Algernon Charles Swinburne]] wrote poetry on erotic flagellation.
==References==
===Footnotes===
{{reflist|2}}
===Bibliography===
{{Citation
| last = Wood
| first = Robert
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| publication-date =
| date =
| year = 1995
| title = Sadomasochistic Literature
| series = glbtq.com
| publication-place =
| place =
| publisher = New England Publishing Associates
| url = http://www.glbtq.com/literature/sadom_lit.html
| accessdate = 2007-12-14
}}
=== External links ===
* [http://www.glbtq.com/literature/sadom_lit.html An article on gay and lesbian sadomasochistic fiction]
* [http://www.bibliocuriosa.com/index.php?title=Accueil Biblio Curiosa, a bibliography of erotic and s&m literature] in English and French
==See also==
*[[Marquis de Sade in popular culture]]
[[Category:BDSM]]
[[Category:Erotic literature| ]]
[[de:Sadomasochistische Literatur]]