Saint Joseph
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2008-07-11T00:05:08Z
Andrew c
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[[WP:UNDO|Undid]] revision 224915053 by [[Special:Contributions/69.29.206.93|69.29.206.93]] ([[User talk:69.29.206.93|talk]]) doesn't seem notable. seems like it was added for promotional reasons
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{{Infobox Saint
|name=Saint Joseph
|birth_date= Unknown date 1st century B/C
|death_date= Prior to the [[Passion (Christianity)|Passion]] (traditional)
|feast_day=[[Solemnity of Saint Joseph|March 19]] ([[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]), the Sunday after the [[Christmas|Nativity of the Lord]] ([[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]])
|venerated_in=All [[Christianity]]
|image=Raffael 017.jpg
|imagesize=300px
|caption= Holy Family by [[Raphael]] (1506)
|birth_place=
|death_place= [[Nazareth]] (traditional)
|titles=[[Confessor]]<br>Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary
|canonized_date=
|canonized_place=
|canonized_by=
|attributes=Carpenter's square or tools, the infant Jesus, staff with lily blossoms.
|patronage=The Universal Church, workers, against doubt and hesitation and of a happy death. Many others; see [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintj01.htm]
|major_shrine=
|suppressed_date=
}}
[[Image:Bartolomé Esteban Perez Murillo 008.jpg|thumb|Holy Family with bird by [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]] (1645-50).]]
'''Joseph''' "of the House of [[David]]" ([[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] יוֹסֵף, also known as '''Saint Joseph''', '''Joseph the Betrothed''', '''Joseph of Nazareth''', '''Joseph the Worker''' and other titles) is known from the [[New Testament]] as the husband of [[Mary, mother of Jesus]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|1:16|KJV}}</ref> and although according to Christian tradition he was not the biological father of [[Jesus]], he acted as his foster-father<ref>Souvay, Charles L. (1910) [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm "St. Joseph"] ''Catholic Encyclopedia'' Vol. VIII. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved [[January 22]], [[2008]].]</ref><ref>[[Paul Maier|Maier, Paul]]. ''In the Fullness of Time: a Historian Looks at Christmas, Easter, and the Early Church''. Kregel Publications, 1998. p. 77</ref><ref>Lockyer, Herbert. ''All the Divine Names and Titles in the Bible''. Zondervan, 1988. p. 68, 254-255</ref> and as head of the [[Holy Family]]. Joseph is venerated as a [[saint]] within the [[Roman Catholic]], [[Eastern Orthodox]], and [[Anglican]] churches.
The genealogy in the [[Gospel of Matthew]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|1:16|KJV}}</ref> says that Joseph's father was called Jacob; but according to the genealogy in the [[Gospel of Luke]]<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|3:23|KJV}}</ref> Joseph was a son of [[Heli (Bible)|Heli]]. The canonical Gospels do not, however, give the date and place of Joseph's birth nor his death. All that is known from them is that Joseph lived at times in [[Nazareth]] in [[Galilee]],<ref>before Jesus's birth ({{bibleverse||Luke|2:4|KJV}}), on return from exile in Egypt after Herod's death ({{bibleverse||Matthew|2:23|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|2:39|KJV}}), after the Passover visit to Jerusalem when Jesus was 12 years old ({{bibleverse||Luke|2:51|KJV}})</ref> stayed for a couple of years in [[Bethlehem]] in [[Judea]],<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:4|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Matthew|2:1-14|KJV}}</ref> and was forced into exile for a time in [[Egypt]].<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|2:14-22|KJV}}</ref>
Joseph's profession is described in the Gospels as a τεκτων, a Greek word for a variety of skilled craftsmen, but Christian tradition has him as a "[[carpenter]]", although the modern English words "joiner" or "cabinet-maker" might fit the sense of the Greek better.<ref>See {{bibleverse||Matthew|13:55|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|6:3|KJV}}. τεκτων denotes primarily a skilled worker in wood, such as a carpenter or joiner, although in secular literature the term has been used also for other craftsmen and workmen. The canonical Gospel accounts do not go into detail on this point; but apocryphal sources and art portray Joseph as a carpenter.</ref> Very little other information on Joseph is given in the [[Gospel]]s, in which he never speaks. His places of birth and death are not given, and his dates have been presented very diffently at different periods; sometimes he has been seen as much older than Mary, and at other periods only slightly older. He is mentioned in the Gospels as present on the visit to [[Jerusalem]] when Jesus was twelve, but no mention can clearly be placed later than that one. Christian tradition, though vague on the time and place of his death, represents Mary as a widow during the adult ministry of her son.<ref>{{bibleverse||John|19:25-27|KJV}}</ref>
In the Roman Catholic and other traditions, Joseph is the [[patron saint]] of workers and has several [[feast day]]s. He was also declared to be the patron saint and protector of the universal Catholic Church (along with [[Saint Peter]]) by [[Pope Pius IX]] in 1870, and is the patron of several countries and regions. He is a rare example of a saint from the early days of the church whose devotional role has tended to increase in the centuries since the Middle Ages.
==In the canonical Gospels==
All the events involving Joseph's presence that have been narrated in the [[Four Gospels#Canonical Gospels|canonical Gospels]] happened before Jesus' birth or during his childhood.
There is only an allusion to the first event, namely Joseph's betrothal to Mary, which made her his wife according to Jewish law.<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|1:18|KJV}}b; {{bibleverse||Luke|1:27|KJV}}</ref> The clarification has been added that they were not yet living together,<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|1:18|KJV}}c</ref> from which follows that they had not yet conducted the [[Jewish wedding|wedding rite]] known as the "home taking", which is the legal ceremony that permits Jewish couples to begin conjugal relations.
The first event related in some detail is Joseph's dream, during which he is told by "an angel of the Lord" not only to take his wife Mary home – in other words, to conduct the concluding legal wedding rite –, rather than to be afraid for the reason that the child with which she is now pregnant is of the Holy Ghost, but also to name him Jesus, hence to assume legal paternity. The first command Joseph carries out, apparently promptly, the second in due time.<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|1:19-25|KJV}}a/b</ref>
The next event is Joseph's journey from Nazareth to Bethlehem to be enrolled as required by the Roman political authorities. He is accompanied by Mary who is heavily pregnant and who, whilst they are at Bethlehem, gives birth to Jesus.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:4-6|KJV}}</ref>
Thereafter Joseph and his family are visited by a group of shepherds saying that they have been guided to them by an angel who told them the good news and its implications.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:16-17|KJV}}</ref>
Eight days later, at the boy's [[circumcision]] – as the angel had told Joseph when he commanded him to take Mary home –, Joseph names him Jesus, and thus assumes legal paternity.<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|1:25|KJV}}b, {{bibleverse||Luke|2:21|KJV}}</ref> Five days after the circumcision of Jesus, three Wise Men from the east came to Bethlehem to "adore the Child." <ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|2:2}}</ref>
Shortly thereafter, after completion of the post-natal cleansing prescribed by the Law of Moses, Joseph takes Mary and Jesus to the [[Temple in Jerusalem]] to offer the sacrifices required on the occasion of the birth of a couple's first son. Whilst doing so, he and his wife receive a blessing from the aged "just man" Simeon and listen to his words and those of the prophetess Anna – two people who have been waiting eagerly for the salvation of their nation and perceive now the significance of the child before them.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:25-38}}</ref>
[[Image:Lorenzo Monaco Egypt.jpg|thumb|310px|left|Joseph leads Mary and Jesus to safety in Egypt to escape from Herod (see {{bibleverse||Matthew|2:13-15|KJV}}), as depicted by [[Lorenzo Monaco]] (1405).]]
The next event related that involves Joseph occurred somewhat less than a couple of years later, when Joseph is told by the angel in another dream of [[Herod the Great]]'s plan to kill Jesus, and ordered to save the boy by taking him and his mother to Egypt, which he promptly does.<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|2:13-18|KJV}}</ref>
Once Herod had died, Joseph is told by the angel in a further dream to return with Jesus and his mother to the land of Israel; but when Joseph learns that Herod has been succeeded in Judea by [[Herod Archelaus]], and Joseph worries on account of the latter's ill repute, a further dream guides him to the district of Galilee. And so Joseph takes mother and child to Nazareth and settles there.<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|2:19-23|KJV}}; {{bibleverse||Luke|2:39|KJV}}</ref>
The last event mentioning the presence of Joseph is the family's [[Passover]] visit to the Temple in Jerusalem when Jesus is around 12 years old, hence coming to the end of his childhood.<ref>{{bibleverse||Luke|2:41-51|KJV}}</ref>
The canonical Gospel accounts are silent about the life of Jesus and his family during the next couple of decades. They resume the narration when first [[John the Baptist]], and then Jesus himself, commence their public ministries; but their accounts from thereon mention only the presence at certain events of Mary and never again that of Joseph.
==In apocryphal anecdotes==
[[Image:Sir John Everett Millais 002.jpg|thumb|''[[Christ in the House of his Parents]]'', by [[John Everett Millais]].]]
[[Apocryphal]] sources elaborate the terse [[Four Gospels#Canonical Gospels|canonical Gospel accounts]]. Thus they describe Jesus as working side by side with Joseph in Joseph's carpenter shop at Nazareth, and sometimes staying with Joseph while the latter worked. They also tell how Joseph made an important decision when he heard that Mary was pregnant before their arranged marriage and instead of allowing her to be [[Stoning|stoned]] by townspeople, he took her away and protected her. In some Catholic traditions, Joseph is described as dying "in the arms of Jesus and Mary".<ref>"The general opinion that he died in the arms of Jesus and Mary has inspired the faithful with great confidence...", ''The Imitation of the Blessed Virgin'' p. 347, London, 1816, quoted in ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/14072 Primitive Christian Worship]'' by James Endell Tyler</ref><ref>[http://www.softcom.net/users/holyfamily/Novena's.htm#St.%20Joseph Novena prayer: St. Joseph]</ref>
In the canonical Gospel accounts Jesus is described as being the brother of [[James the Just|James]], [[Joses]] ([[Gospel according to Matthew|Matthew]] has the spelling: ''Joseph'', [[Gospel according to Mark|Mark]] has ''Joses''), [[Jude, brother of Jesus|Judas]], and Simon, and of sisters whose names however are not mentioned.<ref>{{bibleverse||Matthew|13:55}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|6:3}}</ref> One interpretation of the Gospel of Matthew "...he took her as his wife, but had no marital relations with her until she had borne a son..." ({{bibleverse||Matt|1:25}}) The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] teaches that Joseph was a widower and that these brothers and sisters were children from his first marriage, thus making them Jesus' half-brothers and half-sisters. This version of events is related in the apocryphal ''[[History of Joseph the Carpenter]]'', which names the eldest brother Justus and the sisters Assia and Lydia, but does not name the wife.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comparative-religion.com/christianity/apocrypha/new-testament-apocrypha/6/4.php |title=The History of Joseph the Carpenter |work=Comparative Religion |accessdate=2007-05-06}}</ref> Catholic tradition, as taught by St. Jerome and the Fathers of the Church, teaches that in the term "brother" in biblical times had a broader meaning and included cousins and other more distant relatives as well. Authoritative Orthodox sources contradict the ''History'', retaining the Biblical name of the eldest son, names Joseph's first wife [[Salome]], and his sisters Salome and Esther along with an unnamed third sister.<ref>{{cite book |author=Holy Apostles Convent |title=The Life of the Virgin Mary, the Theotokos |year=1989 |pages=p. 64 |location=Buena Vista |publisher=Holy Apostles Convent and Dormition Skete |ISBN=0-944359-03-5}}</ref>
The [[Roman Catholic]] tradition is clear, these "brothers and sisters" are the cousins of Christ and it also affirms strongly that Joseph remained celibate while married to Mary. Some [[Protestant]] denominations (including many [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] Protestant traditions) no longer espouse strong views on the subject.
==In art==
[[Image:Martin Schongauer 001.jpg|thumb|right|Nativity by [[Martin Schongauer]] (1475-80).]]
Up to about the 17th century Joseph tends to be depicted as a man advanced in years, with gray hair, often balding, occasionally frail and with arthritic fingers and a sharp nose, a comparatively marginal figure alongside Mary and Jesus if not entirely in the background, passive other than when leading them on their flight to Egypt. Joseph is shown mostly with a beard, not only in keeping with Jewish custom, but also because – although the Gospel accounts do not give his age – later literature tends to present him as an old man at the time of his wedding to Mary. This depiction arose to allay concerns about both the celibacy of the newly wedded couple<ref>cf. Mt 1:25a</ref>, the mention of brothers and sisters of Jesus in the canonical Gospels,<ref>cf. {{bibleverse||Mattew|12:46-50|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|3:31-35|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Luke|8:19-21|KJV}}; {{bibleverse||Mattew|13:55|KJV}}, {{bibleverse||Mark|6:3|KJV}}; cf. section above</ref> and Joseph's other children spoken of in apocryphal literature – concerns discussed very frankly by [[Jean Gerson]] for example, who nonetheless favoured showing him as a younger man.<ref>Shapiro:6-7</ref>
In recent centuries – in step with a growing interest in Joseph's rôle in Gospel exegesis – he himself has become a focal figure in representations of the Holy Family. He is now often portrayed as a younger or even youthful man (perhaps especially in Protestant depictions), whether going about his work as a carpenter, or participating actively in the daily life of Mary and Jesus as an equal and openly affectionate member.<ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/library/view.cfm?recnum=4464 Finding St. Joseph by Sandra Miesel] gives a useful account of the changing views of Joseph in art and generally in Catholicism</ref>
[[Image:Gentile da Fabriano 029.jpg|thumb|left|St Joseph sleeping, Nativity by [[Gentile da Fabriano]].]]
Full cycles of his life are rare in the Middle Ages, though the scenes from the ''[[Life of the Virgin]]'' or ''Life of Christ'' where he is present are far more often seen. The [[Mérode Altarpiece]] of about 1425, where he has a panel to himself, working as a carpenter, is an early example of what remained relatively rare depictions of him pursuing his métier.
Some statues of Joseph depict his staff as topped with flowers, recalling the non-canonical [[Gospel of James|Protoevangelion]]'s account of how Mary's spouse was chosen by collecting walking sticks of widowers in Israel, and Joseph's alone bursting into flower, thus identifying him as divinely chosen. Several [[Eastern Orthodox]] [[Nativity of Jesus in art|Nativity]] [[icons]] show Joseph tempted by the [[Devil]] (depicted as an old man with furled wings) to break off his betrothal, and how he resists that temptation. There are some paintings with him wearing a [[Jewish hat]].
Joseph is normally associated with the color black, similar to his wife's association with blue. Accordingly, ''Sacrenoire'' is the analogue to the old French curse [[Sacrebleu]] <ref>[http://www.stjosephmonroeville.com/Dress%20Code.html "St. Josepeh: A Casual Analysis of His Traditional Garb"]</ref>.
==Sainthood==
Although always regarded as a saint, Joseph was little celebrated on his own account until the later [[Middle Ages]], following the adoption of his feast by the [[Franciscan]]s in 1399, and later by the [[Dominican Order|Dominican]]s. The feast was only added to the Roman [[Breviary]] in 1479, and was not compulsory for the whole Catholic church until 1621. An effort by some church leaders, including [[Jean Gerson]], at the [[Council of Constance]] in 1416 to have Joseph elevated to a rank next to Mary and above the [[Apostles]], with a universal feast of ''The Marriage of Mary and Joseph'', was a step too far, and not successful. The promotion of the cult of Joseph was connected with the reaction against an over-courtly emphasis on the Holy Family in the preceding centuries, and reflected a wish to think of them again as a down to earth human family, encountering many difficulties in ordinary life.<ref>[[Meyer Schapiro]], Selected Papers, volume 3, ''Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art'', pp. 4-7 1980, Chatto & Windus, London, ISBN 0701125144</ref>
[[Image:Collinson, Holy Family.jpg|thumb|140px|right|Holy Family by [[James Collinson]] (19th century).]]
Within the Roman Catholic tradition, Joseph is the [[patron saint]] of various things and places. [[Pope Pius IX]] proclaimed him the patron of the Universal Church on [[December 8]], [[1870]]. Joseph is the unofficial patron against doubt and hesitation, as well as the patron saint of fighting [[communism]], and of a happy death. Joseph having died in the "arms of Jesus and Mary" according to Catholic tradition, he is considered the model of a pious believer who receives grace at the moment of death.
In addition to his primary feast day in the Catholic and other traditions, St. Joseph is honored by the Feast of St. Joseph the Worker ([[May 1]]), introduced by Pope Pius XII in 1955 to counteract [[May Day]], a union, workers and socialists holiday. This reflects St. Joseph's status as what many Catholics and other Christians consider the "patron of workers" and "model of workers." Catholic and other Christians teachings and stories about or relating to Joseph and the Holy Family frequently stress his patience, persistence, and hard work as admirable qualities which believers should adopt.
In that tradition, Joseph is the patron saint of the [[New World]]; of the countries [[China]], [[Canada]], [[Korea]], [[Mexico]], [[Austria]], [[Belgium]], [[Bohemia]], [[Croatia]], [[Peru]], [[Vietnam]]; of the regions [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]], [[Styria (state)|Styria]], [[Tyrol]], [[Sicily]]; of the cities and/or dioceses of [[Florence]], [[Turin]], [[Baton Rouge]], [[Bemidji]], [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne]], [[Haugesund]] in [[Norway]], [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]], [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], [[San Jose, California|San Jose]], [[Sioux Falls, South Dakota|Sioux Falls]], etc.
Roman Catholics also believe he prays especially for families, fathers, expectant mothers (pregnant women), travellers, [[immigrant]]s, house sellers and buyers, craftsmen, [[engineer]]s and working people in general.
Official patronage assigned to him, however, is vague. Numerous geographical locations, some vocations and various circumstances of personal life have been attributed to his patronage (see Patron Saints Index: Saint Joseph link below).
==Feast days in Christian churches==
[[Image:Millegem Kerk St Josef.jpg|thumb|270px|right|Statue of St Joseph and Jesus, Millegem Kerk.]]
Veneration of Saint Joseph, when compared with that of other biblical saints, was introduced rather late in the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] Church. It was in the tenth century that he began to be celebrated in some parts of the West with a feast on [[19 March]]. This feast was accepted in Rome only in 1479,<ref>''Calendarium Romanum'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 89</ref> less than a century before the 1570 [[Tridentine Calendar]], in which it was included. This is [[Saint Joseph's Day]] in the Roman Catholic and Anglican traditions. In 1847 [[Pope Pius IX]] declared Saint Joseph patron of the universal Church and instituted another feast, with an octave, to be held in his honour on Wednesday in the second week after Easter. This was abolished by [[Pope Pius XII]], when in 1955 he established the Feast of St. Joseph the Worker, to be celebrated on [[1 May]] (see [[General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII]]). (A very few [[Traditionalist Catholic]]s reject all the changes made by Pope Pius XII, including these.) [[Pope John XXIII]] added the name of Saint Joseph to the [[Canon of the Mass]].
(In 2008, St. Joseph the Worker was celebrated on [[May 2]], because [[May 1]] was Ascension Thursday. In 2011, [[May 1]] will fall within the Easter octave, and that year St. Joseph the Worker would presumably be transferred to the following Monday.)
In the [[Lutheran Church]] also, [[19 March]] is observed as the Feast of Saint Joseph, Guardian of [[Jesus]]. This festival is on the official calendar of the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]], the [[Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod]], the [[Wisconsin Synod]] and the [[Evangelical Lutheran Synod]]. Some Protestant traditions also celebrate this festival as a commemoration of Joseph's life and witness.
In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the [[feast day]] of Saint Joseph is celebrated on the First Sunday after the [[Nativity of Christ]]. The following hymn is chanted:
:Verily, Joseph the betrothed, saw clearly in his old age that the foresayings of the Prophets had
:been fulfilled openly; for he was given an odd earnest,
:receiving inspiration from the angels,
:who cried, Glory to God; for he hath bestowed peace on earth.
==Institutions and places named after St Joseph==
{{seealso|Saint Joseph's}}
[[Image:St Joseph statue-77.jpg|thumb|right|Statue of St. Joseph with a carpenter square symbolizing his trade, and lilies [[chastity]].]]
===Josephite Order===
In the 19th century, the [[Josephite Fathers]] of the Roman Catholic Church were created under the patronage of Joseph, intending to work with the poor. The first Josephites in America re-devoted their part of the Order to ministry within the newly-emancipated African American community.
===Churches===
[[Saint Joseph's Oratory]] is a Roman Catholic oratory and basilica (historically-designated special church) in [[Montreal]], [[Canada]]. Constructed at the wishes of Brother [[André Besette]] ([[Congregation of Holy Cross]])—a [[blessed]] in the Catholic canon—it is dedicated to St. Joseph who is believed to have performed many miracles of healing in Montreal. In the oratory are hundreds of [[crutch]]es and other items left by those who experienced a spontaneous healing (like those at [[Lourdes]], [[France]]). The Oratory is the largest church in Canada, with the largest dome of its kind in the world after that of [[Saint Peter's Basilica]] in [[Rome]]. (Some churches named after St. Joseph are actually dedicated to a different saint, Saint [[Joseph of Cupertino]].)
The [[Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph (San Jose)|Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph]] is located in San Jose, California and is the [[cathedral]] (episcopal headquarters) of the Roman Catholic [[Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose in California|Diocese of San Jose]]. The [[Basilica of Saint Joseph Proto-Cathedral]] is a prominent Roman Catholic church in [[Bardstown]], [[Kentucky]], United States; it was the first Roman Catholic Cathedral west of the [[Allegheny Mountains]] and the cathedral mother church of the former Roman Catholic Diocese of Bardstown.
Many schools, universities, hosptials, churches and monasteries are dedicated to Saint Joseph in [[Lebanon]], such as Lycée Saint-Joseph in [[Ain Ebel]], [[Université Saint-Joseph]] in [[Beirut]], the [[Hôpital Saint Joseph des Soeurs de la Croix]] in [[Dora, Lebanon|Dora]] and Church of Saint Joseph in [[Aitou]].
===Places===
Many cities, towns, and geographical features are named after Joseph. At least 6 places named St. Joseph exist in France and its overseas possessions, and at least 14 towns, counties, or townships in the United States. Numerous bays, rivers, peninsulas, and other features are named after Joseph (or St. Joseph) in North America.
[[Saint Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago|St. Joseph, Trinidad and Tobago]] is the oldest town in [[Trinidad and Tobago]]. Originally named San José de Oruña, it served as the capital of Spanish Trinidad between 1592 and 1783.
According to the [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]], the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] form, ''[[San Jose (disambiguation)|San Jose]]'', is [[List of popular place names|the most common place name in the world]]. Probably the most-recognized San Joses are [[San José, Costa Rica]] and [[San Jose, California]], [[United States]], given their name by [[Spanish colonization of the Americas|Spanish colonists]]. The latter is the subject of the famous song [[Do You Know the Way to San José]].
The emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] once granted an audience to a tavern-owner who had commissioned a painting of the ruler to decorate his establishment, which he intended to name in honor of the monarch - only to be forbidden to do so by the Viennese city council. Joseph II told him to add a beard and a halo to the painting and rename the tavern "Saint Joseph."
==In folklore==
[[Image:St Joseph with the Infant Jesus by Guido Reni, c 1635.jpg|thumb|right|St Joseph with the Infant Jesus, [[Guido Reni]] (c. 1635).]]
Burying a small statue of Saint Joseph on a piece of [[real estate]] for sale is reputed to enlist the saint's assistance in finding a buyer.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/07/AR2007090701142.html "Desperate Sellers Take Leaps of Faith"], story in [[The Washington Post]], [[September 8]], [[2007]], accessed [[September 8]], [[2007]].</ref> Some versions require the statue to be buried upside down. Some believe that the saint's statue should be disinterred once the house sells, to avoid the property repeatedly changing hands; others leave the buried statue in hopes that Saint Joseph will continue to protect the property.<ref>[http://www.snopes.com/luck/stjoseph.asp "Property Rites"] at [[snopes.com]], accessed [[September 8]], [[2007]].</ref>
==Modern literature==
*[[Aramis Thorn]], ''The Foster Father of God'' (a fictional account of the life of Joseph, the betrothal of Joseph and Mary and the birth and childhood of Jesus).
*[[José Saramago]], ''[[The Gospel According to Jesus Christ]]'' gives a humanist perspective on the life of Joseph who is represented as the biological father of Jesus who is crucified by the Romans after being mistaken for a rebel during the sacking of [[Sepphoris]].
==Other St. Josephs==
*[[Saint Joseph of Arimathea]], in the gospel accounts
*Abba Joseph of Thebes, [[Desert Father]]
*[[Saint Joseph of Damascus]]
*[[Joseph Marello|Saint Joseph Marello]]
*[[Joseph of Cupertino|Saint Joseph of Cupertino]] (Giuseppe Desa)
==See also==
{{commonscat|Saint Joseph}}
*[[Joseph (disambiguation)|Joseph]], the name
*[[Solemnity of Saint Joseph]]
*[[History of Joseph the Carpenter]]
*[[Prayer to Saint Joseph]]
*[[Genealogy of Jesus]]
*[[Josephite Fathers]]
*[[Sisters of St. Joseph]]
*[[Saint Joseph's Day]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://saints.sqpn.com/saintj01.htm Saint Joseph] at Patron Saints Index
* [http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=4 Catholic Online Saints: St. Joseph]
* Bernard Orchard, ''The Betrothal and Marriage of Mary to Joseph'', [http://www.catholic.net/rcc/Periodicals/Homiletic/2001-10/orchard.html Part 1], [http://www.catholic.net/rcc/Periodicals/Homiletic/2001-11/orchard.html Part 2], [http://uk.geocities.com/ducatumevangelii@btinternet.com/Maryandjoseph1a.htm Summary and chronological chart]
* [http://www.skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/jesus_dad.html Skeptics Annotated Bible]: a comparison of verses related to Jesus' father
* [http://www.beliefnet.com/story/115/story_11564_1.html BeliefNet article] on the various views on Joseph's role.
* [http://www.josephite.com/ Josephite Fathers in the US]
* [http://www.serfes.org/lives/stjoseph.htm Eastern Orthodox Tradition: The Righteous Elder Joseph The Betrothed, And His Repose]
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=85 Holy Righteous Joseph the Betrothed] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]] for the Sunday after Nativity
*[http://www.ewtn.com/Devotionals/novena/joseph.htm Novena to St. Joseph (EWTN)]
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{{New Testament people}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Joseph, Saint}}
[[Category:1st century BC births]]
[[Category:1st century deaths]]
[[Category:People in Messianic Judaism]]
[[Category:New Testament people]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic devotions]]
[[Category:Saints from the Holy Land]]
[[Category:Mary (mother of Jesus)]]
[[ar:يوسف النجار]]
[[br:Jozef (Testamant Nevez)]]
[[bg:Йосиф (светия)]]
[[ca:Sant Josep]]
[[cs:Svatý Josef]]
[[de:Josef (Ziehvater Jesu)]]
[[es:José de Nazaret]]
[[eo:Sankta Jozefo]]
[[fr:Joseph (Nouveau Testament)]]
[[ko:나자렛의 요셉]]
[[hr:Sveti Josip]]
[[bpy:সাও জোসে]]
[[it:San Giuseppe (padre putativo di Gesù)]]
[[lt:Juozapas iš Nazareto]]
[[nl:Jozef van Nazareth]]
[[ja:ナザレのヨセフ]]
[[no:Josef, Jesu fosterfar]]
[[pl:Józef z Nazaretu]]
[[pt:São José]]
[[ro:Iosif]]
[[ru:Иосиф Обручник]]
[[scn:San Giuseppi]]
[[sl:Sveti Jožef]]
[[fi:Joosef (Marian puoliso)]]
[[sv:Josef från Nasaret]]
[[th:นักบุญโจเซฟ]]
[[uk:Йосип Обручник]]
[[vec:San Giusepe, (pare putativo de Gesù)]]
[[zh:聖若瑟]]