Saint Kitts and Nevis
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225346771
2008-07-13T05:36:44Z
68.11.112.139
/* Etymology */
{{Infobox Country
|native_name = Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis<br />Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis{{smallsup|1}}
|common_name = Saint Kitts and Nevis
|image_flag = Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg
|image_coat = St Kitts and Nevis coa.png
|image_map = LocationSaintKittsAndNevis.png
|national_motto = "Country Above Self"
|national_anthem = ''[[O Land of Beauty!]]''
|royal_anthem = ''[[God Save the Queen]]''
|official_languages = [[English language|English]]
|demonym = Kittitian, Nevisian
|capital = [[Basseterre]]
|latd=17 |latm=18 |latNS=N |longd=62 |longm=44 |longEW=W
|largest_city = capital
|government_type = [[Parliamentary system|Parliamentary democracy]] and [[Federal constitutional monarchy]]
|leader_title1 = [[Monarch of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Monarch]]
|leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]]
|leader_title2 = [[Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Governor-General]]
|leader_name2 = Sir [[Cuthbert Sebastian]]
|leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name3 = Dr. [[Denzil Douglas]]
|area_rank = 207th
|area_magnitude =
|area_km2 = 261
|area_sq_mi = 101
|percent_water = negligible
|population_estimate = 42,696
|population_estimate_rank = 209th
|population_estimate_year = July 2005
|population_census =
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 = 164
|population_density_sq_mi = 424
|population_density_rank = 64th
|GDP_PPP = $339 million
|GDP_PPP_rank = 213th
|GDP_PPP_year = 2002
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $14,649
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 47th
|sovereignty_type = [[Independence]]
|established_event1 = {{nowrap|from the [[United Kingdom]]}}
|established_date1 = [[19 September]] [[1983]]
|HDI = {{decrease}} 0.825
|HDI_rank = 54th
|HDI_year = 2007
|HDI_category = <font color="green">high</font>
|currency = [[East Caribbean dollar]]
|currency_code = XCD
|time_zone =
|utc_offset = -4
|time_zone_DST =
|DST_note =
|utc_offset_DST =
|cctld = [[.kn]]
|calling_code = 1 869
|footnote1 = Or "Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis".
|footnote2 = [http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_KNA.html hdr.undp.org]
}}
The '''Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis''' (also known as the '''Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis'''<ref>Both the names Saint Christopher and Saint Kitts are given in the [http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Kitts/kitts83.html Constitution of Saint Christopher and Nevis].</ref>), located in the [[Leeward Islands]], is a federal two-island nation in the [[West Indies]]. It is the smallest nation in the Americas, in both [[List of countries by area|area]] and [[List of countries by population|population]].
The capital city and headquarters of government for the federated state is on the larger island of [[Saint Kitts]]. The smaller state of [[Nevis]] lies about 2 miles (3 km) southeast of Saint Kitts, across a shallow channel called "The Narrows".
Historically, the [[United Kingdom|British]] dependency of [[Anguilla]] was also a part of this union, which was then known collectively as [[Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla]].
Saint Kitts and Nevis are geographically part of the Leeward Islands. To the north-northwest lie the islands of [[Saint Eustatius]], [[Saba]], [[Saint Barthélemy]], and [[Saint Martin|Saint-Martin/Sint Maarten]]. To the east and northeast are [[Antigua and Barbuda]], and to the southeast is the small uninhabited island of [[Redonda]], and the island of [[Montserrat]], which currently has an active volcano (see [[Soufrière Hills]].)
Saint Kitts and Nevis were amongst the first islands in the Caribbean to be settled by Europeans. Saint Kitts was home to the first British and French colonies in the [[Caribbean]].
Saint Kitts and Nevis is the smallest nation on Earth to ever host a [[World Cup| World Cup event]]; it was one of the host venues of the [[2007 Cricket World Cup]].
==Etymology==
Saint Kitts was named "[[Mount Liamuiga|Liamuiga]]" by the Kalinago Indians who inhabited the island. This name, roughly translated in English means "fertile land," a testimony to the island's rich volcanic soil and high productivity.
Nevis' pre-Columbian name was "Oualie", which translates to "land of beautiful waters", presumably referred to the island's many freshwater springs and hot volcanic springs.
[[Christopher Columbus]], upon sighting what we now call Nevis in 1498, gave that island the name ''San Martin'' (Saint Martin). However, the confusion of numerous, poorly-charted small islands in the Leeward Island chain, meant that the name ended up being accidentally transferred to another island, the one which we now know as the French/Dutch island [[Saint Martin|Saint-Martin/Sint Maarten]].
The current name "Nevis" is derived from a Spanish name ''Nuestra Señora de las Nieves'', by a process of abbreviation and [[anglicization]]. This Spanish name means [[Our Lady of the Snows (liturgical feast)|Our Lady of the Snows]]. It is not known who chose this name for the island, but it is a reference to the story of a 4th century Catholic miracle: a snowfall on a mountain near Rome. Presumably the white clouds which usually wreathe the top of Nevis Peak reminded someone of the story of a miraculous snowfall in a hot climate. The island of Nevis, upon first British settlement was referred to as "Dulcina", a name meaning "sweet one". Its original Spanish name, "Nuestra Señora de las Nieves", was eventually kept however, though it was soon shortened to "Nevis".
There is some disagreement over the name which Columbus gave to St. Kitts. For many years it was thought that he named the island ''San Cristobal'', after his patron saint [[Saint Christopher]], the saint of travelling. However, new studies suggest that Columbus named the island ''Sant Jago'' (Saint James). The name "San Cristobal" was apparently given by Columbus to the island we now know as [[Saba]], 20 miles northwest. It seems that "San Cristobal" came to be applied to the island of St. Kitts only as the result of a mapping error. No matter the origin of the name, the island was well documented as "San Cristobal" by the 17th century. The first British colonists kept the English translation of this name, and dubbed it "St. Christopher's island." In the 17th century Kit, or Kitt, was a common abbreviation for the name Christopher, and so the island was often informally referred to as "Saint Kitt's island," which was further shortened to "Saint Kitts."
==History==
{{main|History of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
The islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis are two of the Caribbean's oldest colonised territories. Saint Kitts became the first British colony in the West Indies in 1624 and then became the first French colony in the Caribbean in 1625, when both nations decided to partition the island.
Five thousand years prior to European arrival, the island was settled by Indian peoples. The latest arrivals, the [[Kalinago]] peoples, arrived approximately 3 centuries before the Europeans. The Kalinago allowed the Europeans to colonize Saint Kitts, while earlier attempts to settle other islands were met with immediate destruction of the colonies by the Indians. The Kalinago were eventually wiped out in the great [[Kalinago Genocide of 1626]].
The island of Nevis was colonized in 1628 by British settlers from Saint Kitts. From there, Saint Kitts became the premier base for British and French expansion, as the islands of [[Antigua]], [[Montserrat]], [[Anguilla]] and [[Tortola]] for the British, and [[Martinique]], the [[Guadeloupe]] archipelago and [[St. Barths]] for the French were colonized from it.
Although small in size, and separated by only {{convert|2|mi|km|0}} of water, the two islands were viewed and governed as different states until the late 19th century, when they were forcefully unified along with the island of Anguilla by the British. To this day relations are strained, with Nevis accusing Saint Kitts of neglecting its needs.
Saint Kitts and Nevis, along with [[Anguilla]], became an [[Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla|associated state]] with full internal autonomy in 1967. Angullians rebelled, and their island was allowed to separate from the others in 1971. St. Kitts and Nevis achieved independence in 1983. It is the newest sovereign nation in the Americas. In August 1998, a vote in Nevis on a referendum to separate from St. Kitts fell short of the two-thirds majority needed. In late September 1998, [[Hurricane Georges]] caused approximately $445 million in damages and limited [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] growth for the year.
[[Alexander Hamilton]], the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, was born in Nevis; he spent his childhood there and on [[St. Croix]], then belonging to [[Denmark]], and now one of the [[United States Virgin Islands]].
== Politics ==
<!--Please add new information to relevant articles of the series-->
{{main|Politics of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
[[Image:Flag of CARICOM.svg|thumb|left|Saint Kitts and Nevis is a full member of the [[Caricom]].]]
[[Image:Flag of the OECS.svg|thumb|left|200px|Saint Kitts and Nevis is a full member of the [[Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States|OECS]].]]The country is an independent [[Commonwealth realm]] with Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Elizabeth II]] as its [[head of state]], represented in St. Kitts and Nevis by a [[List of Governors-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Governor-General]], who acts on the advice of the [[Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Prime Minister]] and the Cabinet. The prime minister is the leader of the majority party of the House, and the cabinet conducts affairs of state.
St. Kitts and Nevis has a [[unicameral]] legislature, known as the [[National Assembly of Saint Kitts and Nevis|National Assembly]]. It is composed of fourteen members: eleven elected Representatives (three from the island of [[Nevis]]) and three Senators who are appointed by the [[Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis|Governor-General]]. Two of the senators are appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, and one on the advice of the leader of the opposition. Unlike in other countries, senators do not constitute a separate [[Senate]] or [[upper house]] of parliament, but sit in the National Assembly, alongside representatives. All members serve five-year terms. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are responsible to the Parliament.
Saint Kitts and Nevis is a full and participating member of the [[Caribbean Community|Caribbean Community (CARICOM)]] and the [[Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States]] (OECS).
== Parishes ==
{{main|Parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
The federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis is divided into fourteen [[parish]]es: nine divisions on Saint Kitts and five on Nevis. They are as follows:
[[Image:Saint Kitts-Nevis.geohive.gif|thumb|625px|right|Parishes of Saint Kitts and Nevis.]]
{{SKN parishes}}
== Geography ==
[[Image:Sc-map.png|thumb|Map of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
{{main|Geography of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
{{seealso|List of cities in Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
The country has two main islands, [[Saint Kitts]] and [[Nevis]]. The highest peak, at 1,156 [[metre]]s, is [[Mount Liamuiga]].
The islands are of [[volcanic]] origin, with large central peaks covered in [[tropical rainforest]]; the steeper slopes leading to these peaks are mostly uninhabited. The majority of the population on both islands lives closer to the sea where the terrain flattens out. There are numerous [[rivers]] descending from the mountains of both islands, which provide fresh water to the local population. St. Kitts also has one small [[lake]].
== Economy ==
[[Image:Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg|right|thumb|200px|View of Nevis. Salt pond at right.]]
{{main|Economy of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
Saint Kitts and Nevis is very small for a country. It is 1 1/2 times the size of Washington D.C. Saint Kitts and Nevis is a twin-island federation whose economy is characterized by its dominant tourism, agriculture and light manufacturing industries. Sugar was the primary export from the 1640s on, but rising production costs, low world market prices, and the government's efforts to reduce dependence on it have led to a growing diversification of the agricultural sector. In 2005, the government decided to close down the state-owned sugar company, which had caused losses and was a significant contributor to the fiscal deficit. Former sugar plantations still dominate the St. Kitts landscape. The agricultural, tourism, export-oriented manufacturing, and offshore-banking sectors are being developed and are now taking larger roles in the country’s economy. The growth of the tourism sector has become the main foreign exchange earner for Saint Kitts and Nevis. The country has also developed a successful apparel assembly industry and one of the largest electronics assembly industries in the Caribbean.
During the 1990s, Saint Kitts and Nevis registered an annual GDP growth of 5.5 percent, but the strong growth was interrupted by devastating hurricanes in 1998 and 1999. Post-hurricane reconstruction led to an economic resumption in 2000 with GDP growing 6.2 percent. The year 2001 began well enough although the post-hurricane construction boom was over and growth was slowing from its 2000 rate. But after September 11, tourism arrivals dropped off precipitously and activity in related sectors of the economy such as road construction and retail sales declined along with tourism. As a result, the GDP growth declined substantially in 2001 and 2002. Economic activity has recovered since 2003, mainly driven by strong growth in tourism. In view of its high level of public debt, the country needs a prudent fiscal policy to ensure sustainable economic growth. [http://www.countrywatch.com/cw_topic.aspx?type=text&vcountry=144&topic=MAOVR]
== Education ==
:''See also: [[List of schools in Saint Kitts and Nevis]]''
There are seven publicly administered high/secondary level schools in St Kitts-Nevis, and several private secondary schools. These are:
Public:
Cayon High School (CHS)
Basseterre High School (BHS)
Washington Archibald High School (WAHS)
Verchilds High School (VHS)
Sandy Point High School (SPHS)
Charlestown Secondary School (CSS)
Gingerland Secondary School (GSS)
Private:
St Theresa's Convent,
Lyn Jeffers Secondary School
== Demographics ==
{{main|Demographics of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
[[As of 2000|As of July 2000]], there were 42,696 inhabitants; their average life expectancy was 72.4 years. [[Emigration]] has historically been very high, and the population is about 25% lower than at its peak of about 51,100 in 1960.
Emigration from St. Kitts & Nevis to the United States: [http://uscis.gov/]
* 1986-1990: 3,513
* 1991-1995: 2,730
* 1996-2000: 2,101
* 2001-2005: 1,756
== Culture ==
[[Image:BrimnstoneHill.jpg|right|210px|thumb|[[Brimstone Hill]]]]
{{main|Culture of St. Kitts and Nevis}}
{{seealso|Music of Saint Kitts and Nevis|J'ouvert|Saint Kitts Creole}}
Saint Kitts and Nevis is known for a number of musical celebrations including [[Carnival]] ([[December 17]] to [[January 3]] on Saint Kitts). The last week in June features the [[St Kitts Music Festival]], while the week-long [[Culturama]] on Nevis lasts from the end of July into early August.<ref>Cameron, pg.502</ref>
Additional festivals on the island of Saint Kitts include [[Inner City Fest]], in February in Molineaux; [[Green Valley Festival]], usually around Whit Monday in village of Cayon; [[Easterama]], around Easter in village of Sandy Point; [[Fest-Tab]], in July or August in the village of Tabernacle; and [[La festival de Capisterre]], around Independence Day in Saint Kitts and Nevis (19th September), in the [[Capisterre]] region. These celebrations typically feature parades, street dances and [[salsa music|salsa]], [[jazz]], [[soca music|soca]], [[Calypso music|calypso]] and [[steelpan]] music.
===Sports===
{{seealso|Cricket in the West Indies}}
[[Kim Collins]] is the 100 metres world champion and a national hero. He won in 2003 with only 0.02 seconds between him and three others.
The [[St. Kitts and Nevis national football team]], also known as the "Sugar Boyz", has experienced some international success in recent years, progressing to the semifinal round of qualification for the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] in the [[CONCACAF]] region, defeating [[U.S. Virgin Islands]] and [[Barbados]] before they were outmatched by [[Mexico]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]], and [[Trinidad and Tobago]].
The St. Kitts and Nevis Billiard Federation - SKNBF, is the governing body for cue sports across the two islands. The SKNBF is a member of the Caribbean Billiards Union - CBU, with the SKNBF President Ste Williams holding the post of CBU Vice President.
American writer and former [[figure skater]] and [[triathlete]] Kathryn Bertine was granted [[dual citizenship]] in an attempt to make the St. Kitts and Nevis Olympic [[cycling]] team for the [[2008 Olympic Games]] in [[Beijing]]. Her story is being chronicled online at ESPN.com as a part of its E-Ticket feature entitled "So You Wanna Be An Olympian?" .[http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/eticket/story?page=olympianpart13&lpos=spotlight&lid=tab2pos1/]
== See also ==
* [[Communications in Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
* [[Foreign relations of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
* [[Military of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
* [[Transportation in Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
* [[Saint Kitts Creole]]
* [[States headed by Elizabeth II]]
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
'''Government'''
* [http://www.gov.kn St. Kitts & Nevis] - Government of Saint Kitts and Nevis official website
* [http://www.skbfinancialservices.com/ Ministry of Finance] - of the Saint Kitts & Nevis Federation
* [http://www.nevisfinance.com/ Nevis Ministry of Finance] - for the Nevis Island Administration
'''Directories'''
* [http://www.sknvibes.com/ SKNVibes.com] Online
* [http://www.stkittsnevis.com StKittsNevis.com]
'''Sport'''
* [http://www.sknbf.com/ St. Kitts & Nevis Billiard Federation - SKNBF] Governing Body for cue sports - Official Site
'''Tourism'''
*[http://www.thenfordgrey.com/ Tour St. Kitts] - Grey's Island Excursions; Local tour guide(Island tour,Volcano,Rainforest,Beach Trips
*{{wikitravel}}
*[http://www.stkittstourism.kn/ Saint Kitts Tourism Authority] - Official Site
*The [http://www.nevisisland.com/ Nevis Tourism Authority] - Official Site
* [http://www.stkittsmusicfestival.net/ St. Kitts Music Festival] - Official Website of the annual Music Festival
'''Other'''
*[http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_KNA.html Human Development Report 2006]
*[http://www.stkittsanglicanchurch.org St. Kitts Anglican Churches]
*[http://www.uwichill.edu.bb/bnccde/sk&n/index.html Hosted at the University of the West Indies] - Articles and materials on Nevis secession
*[http://www.windsor.edu Windsor University School of Medicine]
*[http://numismondo.com/pm/stk/ St.Kitts Paper Money]
* [http://www.caribbean-on-line.com/islands/sk/skmap.shtml Map of St. Kitts]
* [http://www.caribbean-on-line.com/islands/sk/nvmap.shtml Map of Nevis]
* [http://local.google.com/local?f=q&hl=en&q=Jamaica&ll=17.25099,-62.600098&spn=0.354108,1.065674&t=k Google Maps satellite photo of Saint Kitts and Nevis]
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[[Category:Saint Kitts and Nevis| ]]<!--Keep at start of list (eponymous category)-->
[[Category:Lesser Antilles]]
[[Category:CARICOM members]]
[[Category:Federal countries]]
[[Category:Former British colonies]]
[[Category:Microstates]]
[[Category:Island countries]]
[[Category:Amalgamated placenames]]
[[Category:English-speaking countries and territories]]
[[Category:Constitutional monarchies]]
[[Category:Members of the Commonwealth of Nations]]
<!--Other languages-->
[[ar:سانت كيتس ونيفيس]]
[[an:San Cristofo e Nieus]]
[[frp:Sant-Cretôflle-et-Nievès]]
[[ast:San Cristuébanu y Nieves]]
[[zh-min-nan:Sèng Kitts kap Nevis]]
[[be-x-old:Сьвяты Кітс і Нэвіс]]
[[bs:Sveti Kristofor i Nevis]]
[[bg:Сейнт Китс и Невис]]
[[ca:Saint Kitts i Nevis]]
[[ceb:Saint Kitts ug Nevis]]
[[cs:Svatý Kryštof a Nevis]]
[[cy:Saint Kitts a Nevis]]
[[da:Saint Kitts og Nevis]]
[[de:St. Kitts und Nevis]]
[[dv:ސަންތި ކިޓަސް އަދި ނޭވީސް]]
[[dsb:Saint Kitts a Nevis]]
[[et:Saint Kitts ja Nevis]]
[[el:Άγιος Χριστόφορος και Νέβις]]
[[es:San Cristóbal y Nieves]]
[[eo:Sankta-Kito kaj Neviso]]
[[eu:Saint Kitts eta Nevis]]
[[fa:سنت کیتس و نویس]]
[[fr:Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès]]
[[fy:Sint Kits en Nevis]]
[[ga:San Críostóir-Nimheas]]
[[gv:Noo Kitts as Nevis]]
[[gd:Naomh Crìstean agus Nibheis]]
[[gl:Saint Kitts e Nevis]]
[[ko:세인트키츠 네비스]]
[[hi:सेंट किट्स और नेविस]]
[[hr:Sveti Kristofor i Nevis]]
[[io:St Kitts-Nevis]]
[[bpy:সেন্ট কিট্স বারো নেভিস]]
[[id:Saint Kitts dan Nevis]]
[[os:Сент-Китс æмæ Невис]]
[[is:Sankti Kristófer og Nevis]]
[[it:Saint Kitts e Nevis]]
[[he:סנט קיטס ונוויס]]
[[kn:ಸೇಂಟ್ ಕಿಟ್ಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ನೆವಿಸ್]]
[[kw:Sen Kitts ha Nevis]]
[[sw:Saint Kitts na Nevis]]
[[ht:Sen Kits ak Nevi]]
[[ku:Saint Kitts û Nevîs]]
[[lv:Sentkitsa un Nevisa]]
[[lt:Sent Kitsas ir Nevis]]
[[lij:Saint Kitts e Nevis]]
[[hu:Saint Kitts és Nevis]]
[[mk:Свети Китс и Невис]]
[[mr:सेंट किट्स आणि नेविस]]
[[ms:Santo Kitts dan Nevis]]
[[nah:San Cristóbal īhuān Nevis]]
[[nl:Saint Kitts en Nevis]]
[[ja:セントクリストファー・ネイビス]]
[[no:Saint Kitts og Nevis]]
[[nn:Saint Kitts og Nevis]]
[[nov:Sankte Kits e Nevis]]
[[oc:Sant Cristòl e Nevis]]
[[uz:Saint Kitts va Nevis]]
[[ps:سېنټ کېټس او نېويس]]
[[pms:Saint Kitts e Nevis]]
[[nds:St. Kitts un Nevis]]
[[pl:Saint Kitts i Nevis]]
[[pt:São Cristóvão e Nevis]]
[[crh:Seynt Kitts ve Nevis]]
[[ro:Sfântul Kitts şi Nevis]]
[[qu:San Kits Niwis-pas]]
[[ru:Сент-Китс и Невис]]
[[sa:सेंट किट्]]
[[sq:Saint Kits dhe Nevis]]
[[scn:Saint Kitts e Nevis]]
[[simple:Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
[[sk:Svätý Krištof a Nevis]]
[[sl:Saint Kitts in Nevis]]
[[sr:Свети Китс и Невис]]
[[sh:Sveti Kristofor i Nevis]]
[[fi:Saint Kitts ja Nevis]]
[[sv:Saint Kitts och Nevis]]
[[tl:San Cristobal at Nieves]]
[[ta:செயிண்ட் கிட்சும் நெவிசும்]]
[[th:ประเทศเซนต์คิตส์และเนวิส]]
[[vi:Saint Kitts và Nevis]]
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[[uk:Сент-Кіттс і Невіс]]
[[ur:سینٹ کیٹز]]
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[[wo:Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
[[bat-smg:Sent Kitsos ėr Nevis]]
[[zh:聖克里斯多福與尼維斯]]