Salem, Oregon 48970 225851561 2008-07-15T18:19:47Z ZehnKatzen 4400914 /* Transportation */ {{Infobox Settlement |official_name = City of Salem |settlement_type = [[City]] |nickname = The Cherry City |image_skyline = ORCap3.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = The [[Oregon State Capitol]] |image_flag = SalemOR.jpg |image_map = Marion_County_Oregon_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Salem_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 150px |map_caption = Location in Marion and Polk Counties, state of [[Oregon]] |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |subdivision_name = [[United States]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Oregon]] |subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Oregon|Counties]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Marion County, Oregon|Marion]], [[Polk County, Oregon|Polk]] |government_type = [[Council-manager government| City Council – City Manager]] |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Janet Taylor |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1842 |area_total_sq_mi = 46.4 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 120.1 |area_land_sq_mi = 44.8 |area_land_km2 = 118.4 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.6 |area_water_km2 = 1.6 |population_as_of = 2007 |population_note = (estimated) |population_total = 152290 |population_metro = 379406 |population_density_km2 = 1156.1 |population_density_sq_mi = 2994.0 |timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] |utc_offset = -8 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = -7 |latd = 44 |latm = 55 |lats = 51 |latNS = N |longd = 123 |longm = 1 |longs = 44 |longEW = W |elevation_m = 46.7 |elevation_ft = 154 |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = [[Area codes 503 and 971|503/971]] |blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] |blank_info = 41-64900{{GR|2}} |blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID |blank1_info = 1167861{{GR|3}} |footnotes = |website = [http://www.cityofsalem.net www.cityofsalem.net] }} '''Salem''' ({{IPAEng|ˈseɪləm}}) is the [[capital]] of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Oregon]], and the [[county seat]] of [[Marion County, Oregon|Marion County]]. It is located in the center of the [[Willamette Valley]] alongside the [[Willamette River]], which runs north through the city. The river forms the boundary between Marion and [[Polk County, Oregon|Polk County]], the city neighborhood of [[West Salem, Salem, Oregon|West Salem]] is in Polk County. As of [[July 1]] [[2007]] it had a population of 152,290,<ref name="psu">{{cite web |url=http://www.pdx.edu/media/p/r/prcCertifiedRelease_07_web_cities.pdf |title=PRC Certified Cities 2006 |accessdate=2007-08-05 |author=Portland State University |authorlink=Portland State University |date=[[2006-12-15]] |year= |month= |format=PDF |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> making it the third largest city in the state after [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] and [[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]]. The population of the [[United States metropolitan area| Salem Metropolitan (MSA)]] area is approximately 385,000 making it the second largest urban area in the state. ==History== ===Origin of name=== [[Image:SalemOregon1876.gif|thumb|left| Map of Salem in 1876]] The [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]s who originally inhabited Salem, the [[Kalapuya| Kalapuyans]] called the area Chemeketa, which means "meeting or resting place" in the [[Central Kalapuya language]] (Santiam). The original Kalapuya pronunciation of the word is Chim-i-ki-ti.<ref>Johnson, Tony, Language Education Supervisor, CTGR Cultural Resources Division</ref> When the [[Methodist Mission]] moved to the Chemeketa plain, the new establishment was called Chemeketa, but was more widely known as the Mill because of its situation on [[Mill Creek (Marion County, Oregon)|Mill Creek]].<ref name=OGN>{{cite book | last = McArthur | first = Lewis A. | authorlink = Lewis A. McArthur | coauthors = [[Lewis L. McArthur]] | title = [[Oregon Geographic Names]] | origyear = 1928 | edition = Seventh Edition | year = 2003 | publisher = [[Oregon Historical Society]] Press | location = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]] | id = ISBN 0-87595-277-1 | pages = }}</ref> When the [[Oregon Institute]] was established, the community was known as the Institute.<ref name=OGN/> When the Institute was dissolved, the trustees decided to lay out a townsite on the Institute lands.<ref name=OGN/> It is uncertain who chose the name "Salem" for the new town, but it is believed to be one of two people: trustee [[David Leslie (Oregon politician)|David Leslie]] from [[Salem, Massachusetts]], or [[William H. Willson]] who in 1850–1851 filed the plats for the main part of the city.<ref name=OGN/> There were many names suggested and even after the change to Salem, some people, such as [[Asahel Bush]] (editor of the ''Oregon Statesman''), believed the name should be changed back to Chemeketa.<ref name=SN>[http://www.salemhistory.net/brief_history/salem_name.htm Salem Online.net ''Salem name'']</ref> The name Salem is derived from the [[semitic]] words ([[Arabic]] ''salam'' and [[Hebrew]] ''shalom'') for ''peace''. The Vern Miller Civic Center which houses the city offices and library has a public space dedicated as the ''Peace Plaza'' in recognition of the names the city has been known by.<ref name=SN/> ===Native Americans=== It is estimated that the Willamette Valley area has been inhabited for 5,000&nbsp;years. The Kalapuyan peoples would gather on the plateau east and south of the current downtown area in the winter and establish camps. They fished and harvested in the streams and fields of the area. One staple of life was the [[Camassia| camas root]] and periodically the Kalapuya would set fires that would clear and fertilize the meadows where it grew.<ref>[http://www.salemhistory.net/people/native_americans.htm Salem History.net]</ref> ===Europeans=== The first people of [[Europe]]an descent arrived in the area as early as 1812; they were [[Animal trapping|trappers]] and food gatherers for the fur trading companies in [[Astoria, Oregon]]. The first permanent American settlement in the area was the [[Jason Lee (missionary)| Jason Lee]] Methodist mission (1840) located in the area north of Salem known as [[Wheatland, Oregon|Wheatland]].<ref name=SOH>[http://www.salemhistory.net/brief_history/brief_history.htm Salem Online.net ''Brief history of Salem'']</ref> In 1842, the missionaries established the [[Oregon Institute]] (the forerunner of [[Willamette University]]) in the area that was to become the site of Salem. In 1844, the mission was dissolved and the town site established. In 1851, Salem became the territorial capital after it was moved from [[Oregon City, Oregon|Oregon City]]. The capital was moved briefly to [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]] in 1855, but was moved back to Salem permanently that same year. Salem incorporated as a city in 1857 and with the coming of statehood in 1859 became the state capital. ===Capitol buildings=== [[Image:1935 Capitol Fire.png|thumb| Capitol building after 1935 fire.]] Oregon has had three capitol buildings in Salem. A two-story state house, which had been occupied for only two months, burned to the ground in December 1855. Oregon's second capitol building was completed in 1876 on the site of the original. The [[Architecture of Ancient Greece|Greek]] [[Greek Revival architecture|revival]]-style building was based in part on the [[U.S. Capitol building]]. The building received its distinctive copper dome in 1893. Tragically, fire claimed the second Oregon capitol building on [[April 25]], [[1935]]. The third and current [[Oregon State Capitol]] was completed on the same site in 1938. It is recognizable by its distinctive [[Settler|pioneer]] statue atop the capitol dome that is plated with [[gold]]-leaf and officially named the [[Oregon Pioneer]]. ===State fair and cherry festival=== [[Image:1867 Oregon State Fair.png|thumb|left| Oregon State Fair 1867]] Agriculture has always been important to Salem and the city has historically recognized and celebrated that in a number of ways. In 1861, Salem was chosen as the permanent site of the [[Oregon State Fair]] by the Oregon State Agricultural Association.<ref name=Heine>Heine, Steven Robert [http://books.google.com/books?id=UY1bWuRoaswC&pg=PA130&dq=The+Oregon+State+Fair+Images+of+America&sig=0R6dJjCQh4mFCGyGqCB0XFTcpgs#PPP1,M1 ''The Oregon State Fair Images of America''] Arcadia Publishing [[2007-08-20]]</ref> Salem is nicknamed the "Cherry City", because of the past importance of the local [[cherry]] growing industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.salemhistory.net/commerce/cherries.htm |title=The Cherry City |accessdate=2007-08-05 |author=Lucas,Bill }}</ref> The first cherry festival in Salem was held in 1903 and was an annual event, with parades and the election of a cherry queen, until sometime after [[World War I]]. The event was revived briefly as the Salem Cherryland Festival for several years in the late 1940s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.salemhistory.net/culture/cherry_festival.htm |title=Salem's Cherry Festival |accessdate=2007-08-05 |author=Hermann,Shirley }}</ref> ==Geography and climate== Salem is located in the north-central [[Willamette Valley]] at {{coor dms|44|55|51|N|123|1|44|W|city}} (44.931109, -123.029159).{{GR|1}} The [[45th parallel north|45th Parallel]] (halfway between the North Pole and the Equator) passes through Salem's city limits. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 46.4&nbsp;square miles (120.1&nbsp;km²), of which, 45.7&nbsp;square miles (118.4&nbsp;km²) of it is land and 0.6&nbsp;square miles (1.6&nbsp;km²) of it (1.35%) is water. Although the [[Willamette River]] flows through Salem, the [[North Santiam River]] [[drainage basin|watershed]] is Salem's primary drinking water source. Other important streams that pass through Salem are [[Mill Creek (Marion County, Oregon)|Mill Creek]], the Mill Race, Pringle Creek, and Shelton Ditch.<ref name=Creeks>{{cite web |url= http://www.salemhistory.net/natural_history/salems_creeks.htm |title= The Creeks of Salem |publisher= Salem Online History |accessdate=2008-01-31}}</ref> Smaller streams in eastern part of the city include Clark Creek, Jory Creek, Battle Creek, Croisan Creek, and Claggett Creek, while Glen Creek and Brush Creek flow through [[West Salem, Salem, Oregon|West Salem]].<ref name=Creeks/> Salem lies in [[Marion County, Oregon|Marion]] and [[Polk County, Oregon|Polk]] counties. Elevation within the city limits ranges from about 100–800&nbsp;[[foot (unit of length)|ft]] (30–240&nbsp;[[metre|m]]). Salem contains the volcanic Salem Hills in the south and is sandwiched by the 1000&nbsp;ft (300&nbsp;m) Eola Hills directly to the West and the 600&nbsp;ft (180&nbsp;m) [[Waldo Hills]] to the east. Northern Salem is less hilly. South and West Salem are the most mountainous areas. The [[Cascades]] including [[Mount Hood]] and [[Mount Jefferson (Oregon)|Mount Jefferson]] as well as the [[Oregon Coast Range| coast range]] can be viewed from both lower and higher elevations within the city. Like most of the [[Willamette Valley]] area, Salem has a [[Marine west coast]] (Cfb) climate with some distinct characteristics of the [[Mediterranean climate]] (Csa). Rain is heaviest in late fall and throughout winter, but precipitation is spread throughout the year, with the exception of a short dry season from late June to early September. Light snowfall does occur in winter, but major snow events are rare. Fog, persistent cloudy skies, and low cloud ceilings are commonplace during the long rainy season. Salem's [[mean]] annual temperature is 52&nbsp;[[Fahrenheit|°F]] (11&nbsp;[[Celsius|°C]]);<ref name = "NCDC" >{{cite web | title = The National Climatic Data Center | publisher = National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration | url = http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/nrmavg.txt }}</ref> its annual rainfall is 40&nbsp;[[inch|in]] (1010&nbsp;[[millimetre|mm]]). Despite that Salem is about 40&nbsp;[[mile]]s (64&nbsp;[[kilometre|km]]) <em>south</em> of [[Portland, OR| Portland]], Salem is actually <em>cooler</em> on average than Portland (56.5&nbsp;°F or 13.6&nbsp;°C) due to Salem's lower low temperatures.<ref>{{cite web | title = Portland International Airport, Multnomah County, Oregon, USA | publisher = WorldClimate.com | url = http://www.worldclimate.com/cgi-bin/data.pl?ref=N45W122+1304+356751C | accessdate = 2007-12-11}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 91%; text-align: right;" | colspan="13" style="font-size: 120%; text-align:center;"|Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Month ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Jan ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Feb ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Mar ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Apr ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | May ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Jun ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Jul ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Aug ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Sep ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Oct ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Nov ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Dec |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Record High °C (°F) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 18.3&nbsp;(65) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 22.2&nbsp;(72) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 26.7&nbsp;(80) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 31.1&nbsp;(88) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 37.8&nbsp;(100) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 40.6&nbsp;(105) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 42.2&nbsp;(108) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 42.2&nbsp;(108) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 40.0&nbsp;(104) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 33.9&nbsp;(93) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 22.2&nbsp;(72) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 20.0&nbsp;(68) |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Normal High °C (°F) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 8.3&nbsp;(47.0) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 10.7&nbsp;(51.2) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 13.5&nbsp;(56.3) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 16.2&nbsp;(61.1) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 19.7&nbsp;(67.5) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 23.3&nbsp;(74.0) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 27.5&nbsp;(81.5) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 27.7&nbsp;(81.9) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 24.8&nbsp;(76.6) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 18.1&nbsp;(64.5) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 11.3&nbsp;(52.4) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 8.0&nbsp;(46.4) |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Normal Low °C (°F) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 0.8&nbsp;(33.5) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 1.5&nbsp;(34.7) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 2.6&nbsp;(36.6) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 3.8&nbsp;(38.8) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 6.4&nbsp;(43.6) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 9.1&nbsp;(48.4) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 11.1&nbsp;(52.0) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 11.2&nbsp;(52.1) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 8.7&nbsp;(47.7) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 5.2&nbsp;(41.3) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 3.3&nbsp;(37.9) | style="background: #C5DFE1;" | 1.1&nbsp;(33.9) |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Record Low °C (°F) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -23.3&nbsp;(-10) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -20.0&nbsp;(-4) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -11.1&nbsp;(12) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -5.0&nbsp;(23) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -3.9&nbsp;(25) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 0.0&nbsp;(32) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 2.8&nbsp;(37) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 2.2&nbsp;(36) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -3.3&nbsp;(26) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -6.7&nbsp;(20) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -12.8&nbsp;(9) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | -24.4&nbsp;(-12) |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Normal&nbsp;Precipitation<br>[[Millimetre|mm]] (inches) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 148.3<br>(5.84) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 129.3<br>(5.09) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 105.9<br>(4.17) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 70.1<br>(2.76) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 54.1<br>(2.13) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 36.8<br>(1.45) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 14.5<br>(0.57) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 17.3<br>(0.68) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 36.3<br>(1.43) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 77.0<br>(3.03) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 162.3<br>(6.39) | style="background: #E8EAFA;" | 164.1<br>(6.46) |- ! style="background: #E5AFAA;" | Normal Snowfall mm (inches) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 73.7<br>(2.9) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 33.0<br>(1.3) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 12.7<br>(0.5) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 0.0<br>(0.0) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | T<br>(T) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 0.0<br>(0.0) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 0.0<br>(0.0) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 0.0<br>(0.0) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | T<br>(T) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | T<br>(T) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 7.6<br>(0.3) | style="background: #F8F3CA;" | 40.6<br>(1.6) |- | colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|''Source:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-oregon/salem-weather.asp |title=Salem Weather Data |accessdate=2007-08-05 |publisher=USTravelWeather.com}}</ref>'' |} ==Demographics== As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2006, there were 150,254 people, 50,676 households, and 32,331 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 2,994.0 people per square mile (1,156.1/km²). There were 53,817 housing units at an average density of 1,176.8/sq&nbsp;mi (454.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.07% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.28% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.51% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.41% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.47% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 7.90% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.36% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 14.59% of the population. There were 50,676 households out of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65&nbsp;years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 11.4% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.6% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65&nbsp;years of age or older. The median age was 34&nbsp;years. For every 100 females, there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $38,881, and the median income for a family was $46,409. Males had a median income of $34,746 versus $26,789 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $19,141. About 10.5% of families and 15.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. ==Economy== [[Image:Old First National Bank Building Salem Oregon.JPG|thumb|Capitol Center in downtown]] State government is Salem's largest employer, but the city also serves as a hub for the area farming communities and is a major agricultural food processing center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oregonlink.com/about_salem.html |title=About Salem,Oregon |accessdate=2007-08-05}}</ref> It lies along the [[Interstate 5 (Oregon)|I-5]] corridor and is within an hour's drive of Oregon's largest city, [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]. In a bid to diversify its economic base, Salem attracted a number of computer-related manufacturing plants in the 1990s. In November 2003, the Sumitomo Mitsubishi Silicon Group (SUMCO), one of these arrivals, announced it would be closing its two [[Fabrication (semiconductor)|silicon]] [[wafer (electronics)|wafer]] plants at the end of 2004, eliminating 620 jobs, and moving production to other plants.<ref>{{cite web | title = Statement from SUMCO on the closure | publisher = Statesman Journal | date = [[November 13]], [[2003]] | url = http://news.statesmanjournal.com/article.cfm?i=70734 | accessdate = 2007-03-30}}</ref> In June 2006, SUMCO announced that its last facility in the city, a technology center, would close by the end of the year.<ref>The Statesman Journal. [[June 2]], [[2006]]</ref> The top private employer in Salem is the [[Salem Hospital]] with over 2,700 employees. Others include the [[Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon|Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde]]'s [[Spirit Mountain Casino (Oregon)|Spirit Mountain Casino]] west of Salem, the [[T-Mobile]] Calling Center, GE Security (Formerly Supra Products Inc.), [[Wachovia Securities]], [[NORPAC Foods, Inc.]], [[Roth's Family Markets]], and [[Willamette University]]. Salem is the headquarters of the [[Oregon Department of Corrections]] and home to four state correctional facilities, including the [[Oregon State Penitentiary]], Oregon's only maximum security prison. Numerous projects are underway to increase the supply of [[house|housing]] in the [[downtown]] core. These projects will provide upscale, low and high rise [[condominium]] and [[office]] space. ==People and culture== ===Neighborhood associations=== [[Image:Aerial Salem 1900.png|right|300 px| Central area of Salem 1900]] Salem has 19 recognized neighborhood associations, they are independent groups but do receive administrative support from the city.<ref>Thompson, Dennis[http://news.statesmanjournal.com/sp_section_article.cfm?i=89548&s=2744 ''Associations unite neighbors, cities''] ''Statesman-Journal'' [[2005-09-20]] retrieved [[2007-12-01]]</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsalem.net/export/departments/neighbor/map.htm |title=Find Your Neighborhood |accessdate=2007-08-05 |publisher=City of Salem }}</ref> {|width=60% |valign=top| *[[Central Area, Salem, Oregon|Central Area]] *[[Croisan-Illahe, Salem, Oregon|Croisan-Illahe]] *[[East Lancaster, Salem, Oregon|East Lancaster]] *[[Faye Wright, Salem, Oregon|Faye Wright]] *[[Grant, Salem, Oregon|Grant]] *[[Highland, Salem, Oregon|Highland]] *[[Lansing, Salem, Oregon|Lansing]] |valign=top| *[[Morningside, Salem, Oregon|Morningside]] *[[Northeast, Salem, Oregon|Northeast]] *[[Northeast Salem, Salem, Oregon|Northeast Salem]] *[[Northgate, Salem, Oregon|Northgate]] *[[North Lancaster, Salem, Oregon|North Lancaster]] *[[South Central, Salem, Oregon|South Central]] |valign=top| *[[Southeast Mill Creek, Salem, Oregon|Southeast Mill Creek]] *[[South East Salem, Salem, Oregon|South East Salem]] *[[South Gateway, Salem, Oregon|South Gateway]] *[[South Salem, Salem, Oregon|South Salem]] *[[Sunnyslope, Salem, Oregon|Sunnyslope]] *[[West Salem, Salem, Oregon|West Salem]] |} ===Cultural events and series=== [[Image:Teen male skater in Salem Oregon park jump.jpg|thumb|left|Skateboarder in Marion Square Park, Salem, Oregon.]] From May through October the Salem Saturday Market, located north of the Capitol, exhibits an emphasis on local products including crafts, baked goods, produce, meat, and other items.<ref>[http://www.salemsaturdaymarket.com/ Salem Saturday Market]</ref> In addition to the Saturday Market, there is a Wednesday Farmers' Market hosted downtown in Courthouse Square during the summer, as well a Holiday Gift Market in December. The 60+ year old, indoor Saturday Public Market is open all year round.<ref>[http://www.salempublicmarket.org/ Saturday Public Market]</ref> The annual World Beat Festival, held in June, is sponsored by the nonprofit Salem Multicultural Institute.<ref>[http://www.worldbeatfestival.org/ World Beat Festival]</ref> The event lasts for two days and is held at the Riverfront Park. It features international crafts, music, dance, food, and folklore from every continent, and in recent years has held a [[Dragon Boat]] race similar to the ones held during the nearby [[Rose Festival]] in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]{{Fact|date=December 2007}}. The Salem Art Association sponsors the annual Salem Art Fair and Fesitval, which takes place at [[Bush's Pasture Park]] during the summer.<ref>[http://www.salemart.org Salem Art Fair & Festival]</ref> Its displays, interactive exhibits, food, and performances attract thousands of visitors each year, making it the largest juried art festival of its kind in the state{{Fact|date=December 2007}}. The Bite of Salem, held in July at the Riverfront Park, is an event similar to others such as the Bite of Oregon in Portland. The event consists of a weekend of local restaurants in Salem offering samples of their menus to patrons in a festival atmosphere, with live entertainment and benefiting local charities. In the summer, ''Chef's Nite Out'' is a wine and food benefit held for Marion-Polk Food Share.<ref>[http://www.foodbanksalem.org/cno_copy.htm/ Chef's Nite Out]</ref> Oregon Wine & Food Festival takes place at that state's fairgrounds in January. The largest event in Salem is the Oregon State Fair at the end of August through [[Labor Day]]. Located in the Oregon State Fairgrounds in North Salem, the fair offers exhibits, competitions and carnival rides. Other events such as concerts, horse shows and rodeos take place at the Oregon State Fair and Expo Center throughout the year.<ref>[http://www.oregonstatefair.org/ Oregon State Fair]</ref> The Mid-Valley Video Festival offers local, national and international independent films in theaters throughout the city.<ref>[http://www.mvvfest.org Mid-Valley Video Festival]</ref> The Salem Film Festival has included feature films that were Oregon premieres.<ref>[http://www.salemfilmfestival.com Salem Film Festival]</ref> The Salem Repertory Theatre presents shows at the [[Reed Opera House]].<ref>[http://www.salemrep.org/ Salem Repertory Theatre]</ref> Pentacle Theatre, which features plays and musicals, is located in West Salem.<ref>[http://www.pentacletheatre.org/ Pentacle Theatre]</ref> The [[Elsinore Theatre]] is a historic landmark featuring recitals, concerts, films, and plays. [[Grand Theater (Salem, Oregon)|Grand Theater]] is undergoing renovation and has hosted the Salem Progressive Film Series and other shows. ===Museums and other points of interest=== [[Image:Oregon Capitol 2.jpg|thumb|thumb|right|[[Oregon State Capitol]]]] [[Image:Salem Oregon downtown.JPG|thumb|right|Downtown Salem looking west]] In addition to the [[Oregon State Capitol]] and adjacent Willson Park, Salem's downtown contains the [[Mission Mill Museum]], [[Hallie Ford Museum of Art]], the [[Elsinore Theatre]], [http://www.cityofsalem.net/departments/parks/river_front.htm Riverfront Park], the [[Willamette River]], some of the oldest buildings in Oregon, as well as shopping and restaurants. The [[A.C. Gilbert's Discovery Village]] interactive children's museum is also located in Salem. The two leading candidates for the tallest building in Salem are [[Salem First United Methodist Church]] and the Capitol Center.<ref name=Kim>{{cite news |last= Kim |first= Eunice |url= http://www.statesmanjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071115/NEWS/711150339/1001 |title= Landmark building's 80th birthday is reason to party |publisher= ''[[Statesman Journal]]'' |date= [[November 15]][[2007]] |accessdate= 2008-03-08}}</ref> A private survey commissioned by a local publication holds that the church is the tallest.<ref name=SalemOR.com>{{cite web |url= http://www.salemoregon.com/tallestbuilding/facts/buildingscompared.html |title= The Answer: Salem Oregon's Tallest Building |publisher= Salemoregon.com |accessdate=2008-03-08}}</ref> The tall white spire of the 1878 church rises at the intersection of Church and State Streets across from the Capitol grounds. The Capitol Center (originally the First National Bank Building, then the Livesley Building) was built in 1927 by former Salem mayor [[Thomas A. Livesley]], a prominent Salem-area businessman and civic leader. At that time of its completion, it was the tallest commercial building in the state.<ref name=Kim/> In 1988, Livesley's family home was purchased through private donations and was donated to the state. It now serves as the official residence of the Governor and family. Now known as [[Mahonia Hall]], it was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1990. The [[Oregon Symphony]], based in [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], presents approximately ten classical and pops concerts each year in Salem. The [http://www.salemchamberorchestra.org/ Salem Chamber Orchestra] includes professional area musicians as well as students. The [[Salem Armory Auditorium]] has hosted touring bands including Korn and Phish. Because Salem is the state [[capital]], it has a multitude of government agencies, departments, and boards housed in buildings with architectural designs ranging from the early 20th century to examples of state-of-the-art civil building design. The historic [[Reed Opera House and McCornack Block Addition|Reed Opera House]] in downtown Salem has a number of local shops and dining establishments, as well as an art gallery. Salem has been awarded "Tree City USA" status by the [[Arbor Day|National Arbor Day Foundation]] for 30 consecutive years for its dedication to [[urban forestry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arborday.org/programs/treecities.cfm?chosenstate=Oregon |title=Tree Cities in Oregon |accessdate=2007-08-05 |publisher=The National Arbor Day Foundation}}</ref> Salem was the first city in Oregon to receive the award.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oregonlink.com/treecity.html |title=Salem, Oregon-Tree City USA |accessdate=2007-08-05 |date=[[1977-03-25]] |publisher=City of Salem }}</ref> In keeping with the city's "Cherry City" theme, flowering cherry trees have been planted along many Salem streets as well as on the Capitol Mall across from the Capitol. The Salem Public Library's main branch is located just south of downtown. A branch library is located in West Salem (Polk County). The Library participates in the Chemeketa Cooperative Regional Library Service, so Salem Public Library cards are also valid in of the member libraries in [[Yamhill County, Oregon|Yamhill]], [[Polk County, Oregon|Polk]], [[Marion County, Oregon|Marion]], and parts of [[Linn County, Oregon|Linn County]]. The film ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'' was filmed at the [[Oregon State Hospital]]. Salem and its environs have a multitude of [[Oregon wine|wineries and vineyards]] that are open to the public, including Oregon's oldest winery, [[Honeywood Winery]].<ref name=ORWineBoard>[http://explorer.oregonwine.org/wineries.php?region=North+Willamette&city=Salem&winery= Oregon wine.org]</ref><ref name=Honeywood>[http://www.HoneywoodWinery.com Honeywood Winery]</ref> ==Media== Salem currently has one daily newspaper, the ''[[Statesman Journal]]'', a monthly alternative newspaper ''[[Salem Monthly]]'' and an online newspaper, the Salem-News<ref>[http://www.Salem-News.com Salem-News.Com News from Salem Oregon and the surrounding region<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>. The ''[[Capital Press]]'' a weekly [[agriculture|agricultural]] newspaper is published in the city and is distributed throughout the [[West Coast of the United States|west coast]]. Salem has two [[UHF]] television stations; [[KGUG-LP|KWVT]] (Channel 17), and [[The CW Television Network|CW]] affiliate [[KRCW-TV|KRCW]] (Channel 32), which has its [[city of license]] as Salem and their analog transmitter about {{convert|30|mi|km}} northeast of the city, near [[Molalla, Oregon|Molalla]]. The station is known as ''Portland's CW'' however, as the station targets the entire Willamette Valley area, operates from [[Beaverton, Oregon|Beaverton]] and has its digital transmitter based in Portland. ==Sports== The [[Salem-Keizer Volcanoes]], a [[minor league baseball]] team, play their home games in the city of [[Keizer, Oregon|Keizer]], which adjoins Salem on the north. The [[Salem Stampede]] of the [[International Basketball League (2005-)|International Basketball League]] play their home games at the Salem Armory. Also playing in Salem is the [[Cascade Surge]], a minor league soccer team associated with the [[United Soccer Leagues]] [[Premier Development League]] (PDL). The Surge play home games at [[McCulloch Stadium]] on the campus of [[Willamette University]]. ==Parks and recreation== ===City parks=== Salem's Department of Community Services Parks Operations Division is responsible for a park system encompassing 1,874&nbsp;[[acre]]s (758&nbsp;[[hectare|ha]]) with 29.53&nbsp;miles (47.52&nbsp;km) of trails, 46 parks, and another 55 open and undeveloped areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsalem.net/export/departments/parks/parks_introduction.htm |title=Introduction to Salem's Park Division |accessdate=2007-12-11 |publisher=City of Salem}}</ref> Minto-Brown Island Park is the largest at 898.9&nbsp;acres (364&nbsp;ha).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsalem.net/export/departments/parks/minto_brown.htm |title=Minto Brown Island Park |accessdate=2007-08-05 |publisher=City of Salem}}</ref> [[Bush's Pasture Park]], a 90.5&nbsp;acre (36.6&nbsp;ha) urban park a few blocks south of downtown Salem, features natural groves of native [[Garry Oak|Oregon White Oak]] trees, the historic Bush House, a rose garden, and adjacent Deepwood Estates.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsalem.net/export/departments/parks/bush_park.htm |title=Bushs Pasture Park |accessdate=2007-08-05 |publisher=City of Salem}}</ref> Other city parks include 101&nbsp;acre (41&nbsp;ha) [[Walter Wirth Lake|Cascade Gateway Park]], twenty-three acre (9.3&nbsp;ha) Riverfront Park, adjacent to downtown and the Willamette River. It is the home of the Salem [[Carousel]]. Across the Willamette River in West Salem is the 114&nbsp;acre (46&nbsp;ha) Wallace Marine Park, which includes a boat ramp and floating boat dock allowing easy access to the river for water sports. Salem is also home to one of the smallest city parks in the world, [[Waldo Park]], which consists of a single [[Sequoia]] tree.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cityofsalem.net/departments/parks/waldo_park.htm |title=Waldo Park |accessdate=2007-08-05 |publisher=City of Salem}}</ref> [[Mill Ends Park]] park in Portland is the smallest in the state. The [[Oregon State Capitol| capitol]] grounds maintained by the state of Oregon cover three city blocks and include Willson and Capitol parks. ===Recreation=== Other large parks located in the Salem area include 1680&nbsp;acre (680&nbsp;ha) Willamette Mission State Park north of the city, and Silver Falls State Park east of Salem. Both of these parks have extensive hiking, biking, and horse trails. Salem's central location provides access to a wide variety of recreational activities in a variety of climates and geographies year round. The [[Coast Range]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]] is to the west. The Santiam Canyon area, the [[Western Cascades]] and the [[Cascades|High Cascades]] are to the east. [[Portland, OR]] and its environs are to the north, while [[Eugene, OR]] and its environs are to the south. ==Education== [[Image:WillametteUniversityStream.jpg|thumb|right|The Mark Hatfield Library and stream on the campus of Willamette University.]] ===Elementary and secondary=== Salem's public elementary and secondary schools are part of the [[Salem-Keizer School District]] which has approximately 39,000 students and is the second largest public school district in the state.<ref>[http://www.salkeiz.k12.or.us/ Salem-Keizer Public Schools]</ref> The city also has many private elementary and secondary schools such as [[Blanchet Catholic School]]. One school, Willamette Academy is part of an outreach program run by Willamette University that is designed to expose under represented students to the rewards of an academic life at an early age (7th–12th grade) .<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3839/is_200310/ai_n9329676/pg_4 Affirmative Action and Democratic Vistas: After the Supreme Court Michigan Cases]</ref> Salem is also home to several public [[boarding school]]s, the [[Chemawa Indian School]] a [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] high school, the [[Oregon School for the Blind]] and the [[Oregon School for the Deaf]]. <!--* Will add schools with wiki articles to the main article) Abiqua School - private secular - elementary and middle school * [[Winema School]] (formerly Chemeketa Alternative High) - public [[U.S. state|State]] - high school * Early College High SchoolCatholic - middle and high school * Concordia Lutheran School - private Lutheran Missouri Synod - elementary and middle school * Cornerstone Christian School - private nondenominational - preschool and elementary * Grace Academy - private nondenominational - elementary, middle, and high school * The Heritage School - private secular - elementary and middle "alternative" school * H.I.S. Academy - private nondenominational - elementary through high school * Queen of Peace Catholic School - private Roman Catholic - elementary * Riviera Christian School - private Baptist - preschool and elementary * Salem Academy Christian Schools - private nondenominational - preschool to high school, multiple locations * Sonshine School - private Baptist - preschool and elementary * St. Joseph School - private Roman Catholic - elementary * St. Vincent de Paul Catholic School - private Roman Catholic - preschool and elementary * Western Mennonite School - private Mennonite - middle and high school * Willamette Academy - private nonsectarian but historically United Methodist - high school supplementary *Livingstone Adventist Academy - private Seventh-Day Adventist- Elementary, Middle and Highschool--> === Colleges and universities=== Post secondary schools include [[Chemeketa Community College]], [[Corban College]], [[Tokyo International University|Tokyo International University of America]] and [[Willamette University]], the oldest university in the American west.<ref name=wu>Gatke, Robert Moulton. 1943. ''Chronicles of Willamette, the pioneer university of the West''. Portland, Or: Binfords & Mort.</ref> [[Portland State University]] and [[Eastern Oregon University]] provide classes and a handful of undergraduate degrees at Chemeketa Community College. ==Infrastructure== ===Transportation=== [[Image:Salem, Oregon Amtrak stop.png|thumb|right|Built in 1918, Salem's passenger train stop serves Amtrak.]] [[Salem-Keizer Transit]] ("Cherriots"), an independent government agency, provides fixed-route bus service, rideshare matching, and paratransit/lift services for the disabled, within the [[urban growth boundary]]. There is a fare-free zone located in downtown Salem. Chemeketa Area Regional Transportation System (CARTS) provides bus service that connects Salem to destinations as far north as Woodburn, as far west as Dallas, and to the east to Silverton and up the Santiam Canyon to Mill City. [[Greyhound Lines]] provides north–south service and connecting carrier service to [[Bend, Oregon]] from its station downtown. [[Amtrak]], the national passenger rail system, leases the [[Salem (Amtrak station)|Salem Depot]] from the [[Oregon Department of Transportation]]. The ''[[Coast Starlight]]'' provides daily north–south service to cities between [[Los Angeles, California]] and [[Seattle, Washington]]. ''[[Amtrak Cascades]]'' trains, operating as far north as [[Vancouver, British Columbia]] and as far south as [[Eugene, Oregon]], serve Salem several times daily in both directions. [[Salem-Keizer Transit]] in cooperation with [[Wilsonville, Oregon|Wilsonville]]'s SMART provide routes between downtown Salem and major employers in Wilsonville. From Wilsonville, passengers can be transported to downtown Portland via [[TriMet]]. HUT Airport Shuttle provides transportation to [[Portland International Airport]]. HUT also serves [[Corvallis, Oregon|Corvallis]] with a second stop at [[Oregon State University]], [[Albany, Oregon|Albany]], and [[Woodburn, Oregon|Woodburn]]. [http://bendportland.com Mountain Express] provides transportation between Salem and [[Bend, Oregon|Bend]]. [[McNary Field]] (Salem Municipal Airport) is owned and operated by the City of Salem. It serves primarily private aviation and the [[Oregon National Guard]] – Army Aviation Support Facility (AASF). [[Delta Connection]] offered commercial air service with two daily flights to [[Salt Lake City, Utah]] from July, 2007. However, citing fuel costs versus occupancy of less than 85 per cent, the service was discontinued effective October 2008. The city plans to go forward with airport improvements that were announced when service was commenced, including a longer runway and an expanded terminal building..<ref> {{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Delta to ground flights out of Salem airport | work = | publisher = Statesman Journal | date = [[July 12]] [[2008]] | url = http://www.statesmanjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080712/NEWS/807120335/1001/stayton | format = | doi = | accessdate = 2008-07-15}}</ref> The city is served by the following [[highway]]s: * [[Interstate 5 (Oregon)|Interstate 5]] * [[Oregon Route 99E]] ** [[Oregon Route 99E Business]] is a spur of the above, serving the downtown area * [[Oregon Route 22]] * [[Oregon Route 221]] * [[Oregon Route 51]] * [[Oregon Route 213]] ===Healthcare=== Salem Hospital Regional Health Services is a 454 bed acute care medical facility. It is a not for profit organization.<ref>http://www.salemhospital.org/about/stats.htm Salem Hospital</ref> ==Sister cities== Salem has three [[Town twinning|sister cities]]:<ref>{{citeweb|title=City of Salem, OR Official Website|url=http://www.cityofsalem.net|accessdate=2008-01-28}}</ref> *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kawagoe, Saitama|Kawagoe]], [[Japan]] *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Gimhae]], [[South Korea]] *{{flagicon|India}} [[Salem]], [[India]] ==Gallery== <gallery> Image:ORSalemdowntown.JPG|Capitol Tower and Pioneer Trust Bank, two [[National Register of Historic Places|historic buildings]] in Downtown Salem. Image:ORSalempaddleboat.JPG|The Willamette Queen paddleboat on the [[Willamette River]]. Image:ORSalemRiverfrontparkcarousel.JPG|The [[carousel]] in Riverfront Park. Image:ORSalemRiverfrontpark.JPG|Riverfront Park in [[downtown]]. Image:United Methodist Salem Oregon corner.JPG|First [[United Methodist]] Church in downtown. Image:Marion County Courthouse.jpg|Marion County courthouse, located downtown. Image:Ivy haning over Salem alley.jpg|Wisteria covered alley in downtown Salem. Image:South Salem neighborhood covered in snow.JPG|A neighborhood in South Salem covered in snow. </gallery> ==Further reading== *{{cite book|author=MacGibbon, Elma|title=[http://www.secstate.wa.gov/history/publications%5Fdetail.aspx?p=63 Leaves of knowledge]|publisher=Shaw & Borden Co|year=1904}} Elma MacGibbons reminiscences of her travels in the United States starting in 1898, which were mainly in Oregon and Washington. Includes chapter "Salem, the capital of Oregon." ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{commonscat|Salem, Oregon}} * [http://www.cityofsalem.net/ City of Salem] * [http://www.salemhistory.net/ Salem Online History] * [http://www.salemquarterly.com/ Salem Historical Quarterly] * [http://www.travelsalem.com Official Salem, Oregon tourism site] * [http://www.salemchamber.org/ The Salem Chamber of Commerce] * [http://bluebook.state.or.us/local/cities/sy/salem.htm Oregon Blue Book entry for Salem] <!--Saving these links for possible new section or new article Historic images of Salem riverfront and steamboats *[http://www.salemhistory.net/transportation/images/steamboat_2.jpg ''Grey Eagle'' at Salem dock, 1913] *[http://www.salemhistory.net/transportation/images/steamboat_3.jpg ''Oregona'' at the Oregon Railway & Navigation Co. dock at Salem] *[http://www.salemhistory.net/transportation/images/steamboat_6.jpg ''City of Salem'' at wharf boat embarking passengers, early 1880s] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/max&CISOPTR=4972&REC=13 ''Grahamona'' on Willamette, probably near Salem] * [http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/specialcol&CISOPTR=1985&REC=6 ''Grey Eagle'' and ''City of Eugene'', at Salem, about 1915] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/max&CISOPTR=4948&REC=13 Oregon Railway & Navigation Co. dock at Salem] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/specialcol&CISOPTR=658&REC=11 waterfront at Salem, early 1900s showing sternwheel steam scow ''Julius''] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/max&CISOPTR=4947&REC=16 waterfront at Salem, showing dredge operation on the river] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/max&CISOPTR=255&REC=12 waterfront at Salem, 1944, looking east across Willamette River, showing two small river vessels and one large sternwheeler, possibly ''Claire''] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/max&CISOPTR=5220&REC=18 waterfront at Salem, taken Feb 20, 1944 from bridge crossing Willamette, apparently looking south downriver, showing small working vessels, probably mostly gas or diesel powered, and one large sternwheeler, possibly ''Claire''.] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/specialcol&CISOPTR=1972&REC=4 ''Claire'' near Wilsonville] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/max&CISOPTR=2003&REC=3 flour mills at Salem, with steamboat moored at mill dock, 1880s] *[http://photos.salemhistory.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/specialcol&CISOPTR=2170&REC=14 Holman's steam ferry at Salem, 1880s]--> {{Mapit-US-cityscale|44.931109|-123.029159}} {{Marion County, Oregon}} {{Polk County, Oregon}} {{Oregon}} {{USStateCapitals}} [[Category:Cities in Oregon]] [[Category:County seats in Oregon]] [[Category:Marion County, Oregon]] [[Category:Polk County, Oregon]] [[Category:Settlements established in 1842]] [[Category:Salem, Oregon| ]] [[ar:سايلم، أوريغون]] [[bg:Салем (Орегон)]] [[cs:Salem (Oregon)]] [[da:Salem]] [[de:Salem (Oregon)]] [[et:Salem (Oregon)]] [[es:Salem (Oregón)]] [[eo:Salem (Oregono)]] [[eu:Salem]] [[fa:سیلم]] [[fr:Salem (Oregon)]] [[gl:Salem, Oregon]] [[ko:세일럼 (오리건 주)]] [[io:Salem, Oregon]] [[id:Salem, Oregon]] [[ia:Salem, Oregon]] [[it:Salem (Oregon)]] [[he:סאלם (אורגון)]] [[pam:Salem, Oregon]] [[ku:Salem (Oregon)]] [[nl:Salem (Oregon)]] [[ja:セイラム (オレゴン州)]] [[no:Salem (Oregon)]] [[pl:Salem (Oregon)]] [[pt:Salem (Oregon)]] [[ro:Salem, Oregon]] [[ru:Сейлем (Орегон)]] [[simple:Salem, Oregon]] [[sk:Salem (Oregon)]] [[fi:Salem (Oregon)]] [[sv:Salem, Oregon]] [[ta:சேலம் (ஒரிகன்)]] [[vi:Salem, Oregon]] [[vo:Salem (Oregon)]] [[zh:塞勒姆 (俄勒冈州)]]